Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: G8M2-5Q8
• Name: Marcus Livius Drusus II ...
• Death: 115
• Birth: 157

Marcus married Cornelia Sciipionis in UNKNOWN in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ). Cornelia was born in 157 BC in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ); died in 100 BC in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 91 BC; Elected Tribune
• FSID: G8ML-JVB

Notes:

Wikipedia -

Marcus Livius Drusus (c. 124 – 91 BC) was a Roman politician and reformer, most famous as Tribune of the plebs in 91 BC. During his year in office, Drusus proposed wide-ranging legislative reforms, including offering the citizenship to Rome's Italian allies. The failure of these reforms, and Drusus' subsequent murder at the hands of an unknown assassin in late 91 BC, are often seen as an immediate cause of the Social War.[1]

Early life
Marcus Livius Drusus was born in ca. 124 BC.[2] He was the son of Cornelia (whose precise identity is unknown) and Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder, a distinguished statesman who had served all the major magistracies of the cursus honorum as tribune in 122 BC, consul in 112 BC, and censor in 109 BC. Drusus the Elder died in 108 BC: if the younger Marcus was the eldest son, he would now have become the pater familias of the Drusi and the provider for his two siblings, Mamercus and Livia.[3] However, certain scholars believe that Mamercus was in fact the eldest son,[1] Marcus one or two years his junior.[4][5]

Cicero reports that Drusus was a principled and conscientious youth.[6] When serving as quaestor in Asia Minor, he conspicuously refused to wear his official insignia as a sign of respect.[7]

After the death of his father, Drusus inherited vast amounts of wealth, with which he paid for grand gladiatorial shows during his aedileship.[2] His generosity was famous in antiquity: he once commented that he spent so much money on other people that he had 'nothing left to give away to anybody but mud and air'.[8] Drusus also built a grand new house on the Palatine Hill, telling the architect to build it so that all his fellow-citizens could see everything he did. This famous house was later owned by Cicero, Censorinus, and Rutilius Sisenna.[9]

Drusus had several distinguished descendants. Through his adopted son, he became an ancestor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty; and through the two marriages of his sister, Livia, he was uncle to Cato the Younger and great-uncle to Marcus Junius Brutus. His brother, Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus (who was adopted into the Aemilii Lepidi), also served as consul in 77 BC.

At some point ca. 100 BC, Drusus married Servilia, a sister of his friend Quintus Servilius Caepio. However, they appear to have divorced sometime around the year 97 BC without having any known children.[78] It seems that Drusus did not marry again before his death in 91 BC.[79] However there is a Livia of the late Roman Republic whom has been speculated to be Drusus daughter.[80]

Imperial descendants

Drusus did adopt Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus, born Appius Claudius Pulcher. This adopted son married Alfidia, with whom he had a daughter named Livia. This Livia was the famous Empress, the wife to the emperor Augustus and mother of the second emperor Tiberius. Therefore, through the adoption of his son, Marcus Livius Drusus and his family (the Drusi) became eventual ancestors to the imperial Julio-Claudian dynasty.[81]
Nieces and nephews[edit]

Drusus had a sister, Livia, whom he married to his friend and brother-in-law Quintus Servilius Caepio. Livia and Caepio had three children: the famous Servilia, who was sequentially the mistress of Julius Caesar and the mother of Marcus Junius Brutus; another Servilia, who married the general Lucullus; and a son, also called Gnaeus Servilius Caepio.[82]

However, Drusus and Caepio fell out, allegedly over the sale of a ring at an auction, and subsequently they became personal enemies.[83] As a result, Drusus divorced Servilia, and Caepio divorced Livia.

Drusus apparently had his sister remarried almost immediately, either in 97 or 96 BC,[84] this time to Marcus Porcius Cato, the grandson of Cato the Elder. Livia and Cato had a son, Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis, who was to become the famous opponent of Julius Caesar; they also had a daughter, Porcia, who married Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. However, both Livia and Cato seem to have died in the mid to late 90s BC, meaning that Servilia, Cato, and Porcia were all raised in Drusus' house before his own death in 91 BC.[85]

Marcus married Servilia Caepionis in 100 BC in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ), and was divorced in 97 BC in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ). Servilia (daughter of Quintus Servillus Caepio and Livia) was born in 114 BC in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ); died in 71 BC in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: gens Claudia
• FSID: GZF9-JRR
• Occupation: Roman Senator

Notes:

Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus (born no later than 93 BC[1] - died 42 BC) was a senator of the Roman Republic. He was born with the name Appius Claudius Pulcher, into the patrician family of the Claudii. According to Suetonius, Drusus was a direct descendant of the consul and censor Appius Claudius Caecus. He was descended from Caecus via the first Appius Claudius Pulcher, who was consul in 212 BC and Caecus's great-grandson. His daughter Livia became the wife of the first Roman Emperor Augustus, and he was a direct ancestor of the Julio-Claudian emperors Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero not through this marriage, which produced no children, but through Livia's first marriage.

Biography
Background
As a Pulchri, Claudianus was a direct descendant of the consul and censor Appius Claudius Caecus through his son Publius Claudius Pulcher. Claudianus descended via the first Appius Claudius Pulcher, who was consul in 212 BC and Publius Claudius Pulcher's son or grandson.

Antiquarian Bartolomeo Borghesi suggested that his biological father could have been either Appius Claudius Pulcher (military tribune in the year 87 BC) or the Gaius Claudius Pulcher (legate or preator in 73 BC); both of these men were sons of Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul in 130 BC).[2] Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul of 79 BC); and Gaius Claudius Pulcher (the consul of 92 BC), have been postulated by Ronald Syme.[3][a] Susan Treggiari has speculated that his mother might have been a sister of Marcus Livius Drusus the tribune, this explaining his adoption by Drusus,[5] since Drusus had at least two other nephews whom he chose Claudianus over.[b] Adopted fathers and sons were often closely related[8] and adoption of a sororal nephew was especially common in Rome.[9][10]

Early life
Little is known about the circumstances leading to Claudianus's adoption by Marcus Livius Drusus.[3] He was unusually young at the time of adoption (likely a small child, if not an infant),[11][c] as most other adoption in ancient Rome happened with the adoptee as adults. In accordance with convention, his name was changed from Appius Claudius Pulcher to Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus, in honour of his adoptive father.[12] Drusus may have been married to a Servilia at the time, whom would have been Claudianus adoptive mother.[13] Since the death of his adopted father's sister Livia Drusa, he was likely raised together with her children Servilia Major, Gnaeus Servilius Caepio, Servilia Minor, Porcia and Cato in Drusus's household.[14] Drusus was assassinated in 91 BC[15] and Claudianus presumably inherited all his immense wealth.[1]

Career
Claudianus was praetor of Rome in 50 BC and presided over a court case brought under the Lex Scantinia. Caelius, writing to Cicero, seems to find the situation ironic.[16]

In 45 BC, Cicero had purchased gardens owned by Claudianus in Rome. Claudianus was a supporter of the Roman Republic and was among those who opposed the rule and dictatorship of Julius Caesar, assassinated in 44 BC by Brutus and Cassius.

In 42 BC, Claudianus arranged for his daughter Livia Drusilla to marry his kinsman Tiberius Claudius Nero, who became the parents of future Roman Emperor Tiberius and the general Nero Claudius Drusus. Through this second grandson, Claudianus was a direct ancestor to the Roman Emperors Caligula, Claudius, and Nero.

Death
Claudianus became a supporter of Brutus and Cassius and joined them in the war against Octavian and Mark Antony. The decision would have serious consequences for him and for Livia's family. He fought alongside Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC. When Brutus and Cassius were defeated, they committed suicide. Claudianus killed himself in his tent to avoid being captured alive by the victors.

Family
Claudianus married a woman of plebeian status called Alfidia. They had at least one child: a daughter Livia Drusilla (58 BC–29). The usage of the nickname "Drusilla" might imply that she had an older sister.[17] Claudianus relatively advanced age at the time of his marriage to Alfidia could indicate that he had been married before.[1]

It is also probable that he had a biological son named Gaius Livius Drusus who had two daughters named Livia Pulchra[18] and Livia Livilla. This son may have died in battle after the assassination of Julius Caesar, or been proscribed and killed by the Second
Triumvirate.[19]

He also adopted as his son Marcus Livius Drusus Libo.[20][21] This was likely a testamentary adoption. Adoptions of that sort was mostly carried out because a man lacked legitimate sons who could carry on their name and estate,[22] perhaps implying that if Claudianus had ever had a son, he was likely dead before his father wrote his will.[d]

Family/Spouse: Alfidia Lurco. Alfidia was born in 78 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; died in 24 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 27 BC - 14 AD, Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ); Empress of The Roman Empire
• House: gens Livia
• FSID: L6GQ-VL2

Notes:

Livia Drusilla, also known as Julia Augusta after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14, was the wife of the Roman emperor Augustus throughout his reign, as well as his adviser. She was the mother of the emperor Tiberius, paternal grandmother of the emperor Claudius, paternal great-grandmother of the emperor Caligula, and maternal great-great-grandmother of the emperor Nero. She was deified by Claudius who acknowledged her title of "Augusta."

-- Wikiwand: Livia

Livia married Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar Augustus between 37 and 41 in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy. Tiberius (son of Gaius Octavius and Appius Claudius Nero) was born in 85 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; died in 33 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; was buried in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]