Other Events and Attributes:

• House: gens Rutilia
• Life Event: 115 BC, Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; Campaigned for consul
• Life Event: 105 BC; Elected Consul
• Life Event: 134 BC; Military Staff of Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
• FSID: LNDH-FWN
• Occupation: Roman statesman, consul, orator and historian of the Rutilius family.

Notes:

Roman statesman, consul, orator and historian of the Rutilius family.
Publius Rutilius Rufus (158 BC – after 78 BC) was a Roman statesman, soldier, orator and historian of the Rutilia gens, as well as a great-uncle of Gaius Julius Caesar (through his sister Rutilia, Caesar’s maternal grandmother). He achieved the highest political office in the Roman Republic when he was elected consul for 105 BC.
During his consulship, he reformed the drill system and improved army discipline. As legate to Quintus Mucius Scaevola, he attempted to protect the inhabitants of Asia from extortion by the equites, which provoked them to raise the accusation of extortion from those provincials. The charge was false, but as the juries were chosen from the equestrian order, he was condemned. He was exiled and went to Smyrna, where he wrote a history of Rome in Greek.
Publius Rutilius Rufus
Consul of the Roman Republic
In office
105 BC – 105 BC
Serving with Gnaeus Mallius Maximus
Personal details Born 158 BC
Died after 78 BC Smyrna
Nationality Ancient Roman

Contents
Early life
Military career and consulship Exile and later life
Family
In fiction
References

Early life

He was the third child of a Publius Rutilius, the other children being called Lucius and Rutilia (mother of Gaius Aurelius Cotta). Rufus studied philosophy under Panaetius (becoming a Stoic), law, public speaking under Sulpicius Galba,[1] and Greek.
Military career and consulship
He started his military career in 134 BC, as a member of the staff of Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus during the Numantine War. While in Spain he must have come into contact with Gaius Marius and Jugurtha who also served under Scipio. He probably saw action during the Siege of Numantia.

In 115 BC Rufus campaigned to get elected consul. He was defeated for the consulship by Marcus Aemilius Scaurus. After the elections he prosecuted Scaurus for ambitus. Scaurus in turn prosecuted Rufus for the same charge. Both failed.
Rufus was a legate of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus in the campaign against Jugurtha of 109 BC, along with Gaius Marius. [1] He distinguished himself in the Battle of the Muthul, where he faced a charge by Bomilcar and managed to capture or maim most of the Numidian war elephants.
In 105 BC he was elected to the consulship[2] as a senior partner of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus. During his time as consul, Rome was faced with the crisis of potential invasion by the migrating Cimbri and Teutons, who had reached the province of Transalpine Gaul: as the senior consul, and moreover the one with a distinguished military record, one would have expected Rutilius to be the one who led the Roman army north to confront the Germanic tribes. However, for whatever reason, this duty was handed to his junior partner, with disastrous consequences as Mallius and the proconsular governor Servilius Caepio proved unable or unwilling to cooperate, resulting in a shattering defeat at the Battle of Arausio, while Rutilius himself remained in Rome. His main achievements concerned the discipline of the army and the introduction of an improved system of drill. Subsequently, he served as legate to Quintus Mucius Scaevola, governor of Asia.[1]
Exile and later life
By assisting his superior in his efforts to protect the inhabitants of Asia from the extortions of the publicani, or tax farmers, Rufus incurred the hatred of the equestrian order, to which the publicani belonged. In 92 BC he was charged with extorting money from the provincials, although he had made efforts to prevent them from being extorted. The charge was widely known to be false, but as the juries at that time were chosen from the equestrian order, he was condemned, as the order bore a grudge against him. The famous Roman gourmand Apicius had a hand in his demise. His property was confiscated to satisfy claims for compensation.[3] He retired to Mytilene, and afterwards to Smyrna, where he spent the rest of his life (possibly as an act of defiance against his prosecutors: he was welcomed with honour into the very city for which he was prosecuted as allegedly looting), and where Cicero visited him as late as the year 78 BC. Although invited by Lucius Cornelius Sulla to return to Rome, Rufus refused to do so. It was during his stay at Smyrna that he wrote his autobiography and a history of Rome in Greek, part of which is known to have been devoted to the Numantine War.[1] He possessed a thorough knowledge of law, and wrote treatises on that subject, some fragments of which are quoted in the Digests. He was also well acquainted with Greek literature.
Family
Rufus was married to a Livia, the sister of Marcus Livius Drusus.[4] Their son may have been Publius Rutilius Nudus.[5]
In fiction
In Steven Saylor's novel Wrath of the Furies, Publius Rutilius Rufus features as one of the secondary characters.

In Colleen McCullough's novel The First Man in Rome (the first book in her Masters of Rome series) Publius Rutilius Rufus features as one of the secondary characters.

Died:
Ancient Smyrna

Publius married Livia Julia Drusilla Augusta in 139 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy. Livia was born in 160 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; died in 93 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: gens Rutilia
• FSID: 9Q6D-QBJ

Notes:

SHE IS THE WIFE OF LUCIUS AURELIUS COTTA, CONSUL 119 NOT CONSUL 144.

Family/Spouse: Lucius Aurelius Cotta. Lucius (son of Lucius Aurelius Cotta and Ica Biro) was born in 139 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; died in 118 BC in Judea, Roman Republic. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: gens Aurelia
• FSID: LHK2-SKH

Notes:

Aurelia (c. 120 – July 31, 54 BC) was the mother of Roman dictator Julius Caesar.
Aurelia was a daughter of Rutilia and Lucius Aurelius Cotta or his brother, Marcus Aurelius Cotta. Her father was consul in 119 BC and her paternal grandfather of the same name was consul in 144 BC. The family of the Aurelii Cottae was prominent during the Roman Republican era. Her mother Rutilia, was a member of the gens Rutilia. They were of consular rank. Publius Rutilius Rufus was her maternal uncle.

Three of her brothers were consuls: Gaius Aurelius Cotta in 75 BC, Marcus Aurelius Cotta in 74 BC and Lucius Aurelius Cotta in 65 BC.

Aurelia married a praetor Gaius Julius Caesar. Her husband died 85 – 84 BC. Their children were:

. Julia Major (102 - ? BC), wife of Pinarius and grandmother of Lucius Pinarius;
. Julia Minor (101 – 51 BC), wife of Marcus Atius and grandmother of emperor Augustus;
. Gaius Julius Caesar (100 – 44 BC), the Dictator perpetuo

The historian Tacitus considered her an ideal Roman matron and thought highly of her, because she offered her children the best opportunities of education. Plutarch described her as a woman of discretion. Highly intelligent, independent and renowned for her beauty and common sense, Aurelia was held in high regard throughout Rome.

Aurelia and her family were very influential in her son’s upbringing and security. Her husband, the elder Gaius Caesar, was often away, so the task of raising their son fell mostly on Aurelia's shoulders. When the younger Caesar was about 18, he was ordered by the then dictator of Rome, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, to divorce his young wife Cornelia Cinna, daughter of Lucius Cornelius Cinna who had supported Sulla's archenemy Marius. Young Caesar firmly refused, and by so doing, put himself at great risk from Sulla. Aurelia became involved in the petition to save her son, defending him along with her brother Gaius Cotta.

After Cornelia's death in childbirth, Aurelia raised her young granddaughter Julia in her stead and presided as mistress over her son's households. Caesar subsequently married Pompeia Sulla, granddaughter of Sulla. In 62 BC, during the Bona Dea festival held at Caesar’s house, one of Cornelia's maid discovered that Publius Clodius had infiltrated the house while disguising as a woman, in order to start or continue an affair with her second daughter-in-law Pompeia. The two may have had certain improper relations before, but was subdued by Aurelia's close watch upon the women's residence. Clodius was later charged with the crime of sacrilege by Lucius Lentulus since his trespass caused the interruption of the sacrifice. Aurelia later appeared as a witness during the trial, along with Julia, testifying that she had ordered Clodius to leave.

Family/Spouse: Gaius Julius Caesar III. Gaius (son of Gaius Julius Caesar II and Marcia Quinta Regina) was born in 21 May 140 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; died in 7 Jan 85 BC in Pisa, Toscana, Italy; was buried in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: gens Julia
• FSID: L6BJ-CC6

Family/Spouse: Marcus Atius Balbus. Marcus (son of Marcus Atius Balbus and Pompeia Lucilla) was born in 105 BC in Ariccia, Roma, Lazio, Italy; died in 51 BC in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LNDP-FQX

Notes:

Spouses : Marcus Antonius Creticus & Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura
Children :
. Antonia
. Marcus Antonius
. Gaius Antonius
. Lucius Antonius
Parents : Lucius Julius Caesar (father) & Fulvia (mother)

Julia (104 – after 39 BC) (sometimes also called "Julia Antonia" to distinguish her from other Juliae) was the mother of the triumvir general Mark Antony. She was the daughter of Lucius Julius Caesar (the consul of 90 BC) and Fulvia. She and her brother Lucius Julius Caesar (who was consul in 64 BC) were born and raised in Rome. Julia was a third-cousin of Julius Caesar (their great-grandparents Gaius and Sextus Julius Caesar were siblings).

Julia married Marcus Antonius Creticus, a man of a senatorial family. Their sons were the triumvir Mark Antony, Gaius Antonius and Lucius Antonius. Because of their kinship through her, Gaius Julius Caesar was obliged to promote the political careers of her sons, despite his distaste for their father and his generally low opinion of their abilities. After Julia's first husband died about 70 BC, she married Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, a politician who in 63 BC was involved in the Catilinarian conspiracy and was executed on the orders of Cicero.

Plutarch describes her as one of "most nobly born and admirable women of her time". The following clause from Plutarch describes her relationship with her first husband:
His father was Antony, surnamed of Crete, not very famous or distinguished in public life, but a worthy good man, and particularly remarkable for his liberality, as may appear from a single example. He was not very rich, and was for that reason checked in the exercise of his good nature by his wife. A friend that stood in need of money came to borrow of him. Money he had none, but he bade a servant bring him water in a silver basin, with which, when it was brought, he wetted his face, as if he meant to shave, and, sending away the servant upon another errand, gave his friend the basin, desiring him to turn it to his purpose. And when there was afterwards a great inquiry for it in the house, and his wife was in a very ill humour, and was going to put the servants one by one to the search, he acknowledged what he had done, and begged her pardon.
— Plutarch, Antony 1

Elsewhere Plutarch illustrates her character with an episode from the proscription of 43 BC, during the Second Triumvirate:
His uncle, Lucius Caesar, being closely pursued, took refuge with his sister, who, when the murderers had broken into her house and were pressing into her chamber, met them at the door, and spreading out hands, cried out several times. "You shall not kill Lucius Caesar till you first dispatch me who gave your general his birth!" and in this manner she succeeded in getting her brother out of the way, and saving his life.
— Plutarch, Antony 20

During the Perusine War (modern Perugia) between 41 BC-40 BC, Julia left Rome, although Octavian (future Roman Emperor Augustus) treated her with kindness. She never trusted Sextus Pompeius. When Sextus Pompeius was in Sicily, Julia had sent to Greece for Antony, a distinguished escort and convoy of triremes. After the reconciliation of the triumvirs, Julia returned with Antony to Italy in 39 BC and was probably present at the meeting with Sextus Pompeius at Misenum.

Julia married Marcus Antonius Creticus Octavia II in UNKNOWN in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ). Marcus (son of Marcus Antonius and Julia) was born in 103 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; died in 69 BC in Crete, Greece. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]