Other Events and Attributes:

• Life Event: 1066, Hastings, Sussex, England; Battle of Hastings

Notes:

Note: It is a error that he is tied to gundred LDSS-Z8N​, she will be removed at the right time, as she is set in read only.

William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey, Lord of Lewes, Seigneur de Varennes (died 1088), was a Norman nobleman created Earl of Surrey under William II Rufus. He is among the few known from documents to have fought under William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, he held extensive lands in 13 counties, including the Rape of Lewes, a tract now divided between the ceremonial counties of East Sussex and West Sussex.

Early career
William was a son of Rodulf or Ralph de Warenne[1] and Emma, and reported to have descended from a sibling of Duchess Gunnor, wife of Duke Richard I. Chronicler Robert of Torigni reported, in his additions to the Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, that William de Warenne and Anglo-Norman baron Roger de Mortimer were both sons of an unnamed niece of Gunnor. Unfortunately, Robert's genealogies are somewhat confused – elsewhere he gives Roger as the son of William, and yet again makes both sons of Walter de Saint Martin – while several of Robert's stemmata seem to contain too few generations.[2] Orderic Vitalis describes William as Roger's consanguineus – literally a "cousin", more generally a term of close kinship not typically used to describe brothers – and Roger de Mortimer appears to have been a generation older than him.[2][3]

Charters report several earlier men associated with Warenne. A Radulf de Warenne appears in two charters, one dating between 1027 and 1035, the other from about 1050 and naming his wife, Beatrice. In 1059, a Radulf and wife Emma appear along with their sons Radulf and William. These occurrences have typically been taken to represent a single Radulf with successive wives, of which Beatrice was the mother of William and hence identical to the Gunnorid niece described by Robert de Torigny,[4][5] yet the 1059 charter explicitly names Emma as William's mother.[2]

Re-evaluation of surviving charters led Katherine Keats-Rohan to suggest that Robert of Torigni compressed two generations into one, as he appears to have done elsewhere, with Radulf (I) and Beatrice being parents of Radulf (II) de Warenne and of Roger de Mortimer – a Roger son of Radulf de Warenne appears in a charter dated 1040/1053 – while Radulf (II) in turn married Emma, and as attested by the 1059 charter, they had as sons Radulf (III) as the heir in Normandy, and William. Associations with the village of Vascœuil led to identification of the Warenne progenitrix with a widow Beatrice, daughter of Tesselin, Viscount of Rouen, who appeared there in 1054–1060. Robert of Torigni shows a different Viscount of Rouen to have married a niece of Gunnor, perhaps suggesting that it was through Beatrice that William de Warenne was linked with Gunnor's family.[2] [a]

William was from the hamlet of Varenne, near Arques-la-Bataille, Duchy of Normandy, now in the canton of Bellencombre, Seine Maritime.[9][10][11]

At the beginning of Duke William's reign, Radulf de Warenne was not a major landholder, while William de Warenne as a second son did not stand to inherit the family's small estates. During the rebellions of 1052–1054, the young William de Warenne proved himself loyal to the Duke and played a strong part in the Battle of Mortemer for which he was rewarded with lands confiscated from his kinsman, Roger of Mortemer, including the Castle of Mortimer and most of its lands.[12]

At about the same time, he acquired lands at Bellencombre including the castle that became the centre of William de Warenne's holdings in Normandy.[13][14]

Conquest of England
William was among the Norman barons summoned to the Council of Lillebonne by Duke William when the decision was made to oppose King Harold II's accession to the throne of England.[13][15] He fought at Hastings and was rewarded with numerous holdings. Domesday records his lands stretching over 13 counties, including the important Rape of Lewes in Sussex, several manors in Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex, the major manor of Conisbrough in Yorkshire and Castle Acre in Norfolk, which became his headquarters or caput.[13][14]

He is one of few proven companions of William the Conqueror known to have fought at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.[16][17][18] He fought against rebels at the Isle of Ely in 1071, where he showed a special desire to hunt down Hereward the Wake, who had killed his brother-in-law Frederick the year before.[19][20]

Hereward is supposed to have unhorsed him with an arrow shot.[21]

Later career
Sometime between 1078 and 1082,[22] William and his wife Gundred travelled to Rome, visiting monasteries on the way. In Burgundy they were halted by a war between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. They visited Cluny Abbey in France and were so impressed by the monks and their dedication that they decided to found a Cluniac priory on their own lands in England, for which William restored buildings for an abbey. They sent to Hugh, Abbot of Cluny, to staff their monastery. At first Hugh was reluctant, but he finally sent several monks, including Lazlo, who was to be the first Abbot. The house founded was Lewes Priory, dedicated to St. Pancras,[23][24] which was England's first Cluniac priory.[25]

William supported the King in the siege of Saint-Suzanne against some rebellious lords. His loyalty to William II[19] led to his creation as Earl of Surrey, probably in early 1088.[26] In the Rebellion of 1088 he was mortally wounded at the First Siege of Pevensey Castle, and died on 24 June 1088 at Lewes, now in East Sussex. He was buried beside his wife, Gundred, in the chapter house of Lewes Priory which he had founded.[27][28]

Family
William de Warenne married first, before 1070, Gundred, Countess of Surrey,[29][30] sister of Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester.[31]

William married secondly a sister of Richard Gouet, who survived him.[32]

Issue
By Gundred, William had:

William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (died 1138), who married Elisabeth (Isabelle) de Vermandois, widow of Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester[33]
Edith de Warenne, who married first Gerard de Gournay, lord of Gournay-en-Bray, and then Drew de Monchy[34]
Reynold de Warenne, who inherited lands from his mother in Flanders[34] and died c. 1106–1108[35]
A daughter of unknown name, who married Ernise de Coulonces.[36]
He had no issue by his second wife.

Family/Spouse: of Surrey, Gundred. Gundred was born in UNKNOWN in France; died on 2 Jun 1085 in Castle Acre, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9CFL-PH7

Notes:

BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMAN%20NOBILITY.htm#GerardGournaydied1099
GUNDRED de Gournay (-after 1155). She is named as second wife of Nigel d'Aubigny by Orderic Vitalis, who also specifies that she was the sister of Hugues de Gournay[749]. m (Jun 1118) as his second wife, NELE d'Aubigny, son of ROGER d'Aubigny & his wife Amice --- (-21 or 26 Nov 1129).

Edith married de Gournay, Seigneur Gerard after 1096. Gerard was born in 1060 in Gournay, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France; died in 1104 in Yerushalayim, Israel; was buried in 1104 in Yerushalayim, Israel. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LHC4-HMW

Notes:

BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMAN%20NOBILITY.htm#GerardGournaydied1099
GUNDRED de Gournay (-after 1155). She is named as second wife of Nigel d'Aubigny by Orderic Vitalis, who also specifies that she was the sister of Hugues de Gournay[749]. m (Jun 1118) as his second wife, NELE d'Aubigny, son of ROGER d'Aubigny & his wife Amice --- (-21 or 26 Nov 1129).

Gundreda married de Daubeney, Baron Nigel between 8 Jun and 7 Jul 1118 in Caister-on-Sea, Norfolk, England. Nigel was born in 1070 in Thirsk Castle, Thirlby, Yorkshire, England; died on 21 Nov 1129 in Thirsk, Yorkshire, England; was buried after 21 Nov 1129 in Bec Abbey, Le Bech, Corrèze, Limousin, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Lord of Mowbray

Notes:

Roger de Mowbray

Born c. 1120
Died 1188 Tyre, Lebanon
Title Lord of Montbray
Nationality English
Wars and battles
Battle of the Standard
Battle of Lincoln (1141)
Second Crusade
Revolt of 1173–74
Battle of Hattin
Parents Nigel d'Aubigny and Gundreda de Gournay
Roger de Mowbray (Lord of Montbray)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Roger de Mowbray (c. 1120–1188) was an English noble,
described by Horace Round as
a great lord with a hundred knight's fees, was
captured with King Stephen at the Battle of
Lincoln (1141), joined the rebellion against
Henry II (1173), founded abbeys, and went on
crusade.[2]
Contents
1 Family and early life
2 Career under Stephen
3 Career under Henry II
4 Legacy
5 References
6 See also
Family and early life
Roger was the son of Nigel d'Aubigny by his second wife,
Gundreda de Gournay.[3]
On his father's death in 1129 he became a ward of the
crown.[4] Based at Thirsk with his mother, on reaching his
majority in 1138, he took his paternal grandmother's surname of Mowbray and title to the lands awarded to his
father by Henry I both in Normandy including Montbray, as well as the substantial holdings in Yorkshire and
around Melton.[2]
Career under Stephen
Soon after, in 1138, he participated in the Battle of the Standard against the Scots and, according to Aelred of
Rievaulx, acquitted himself honourably.[4]
Thereafter, Roger's military fortunes were mixed. Whilst acknowledged as a competent and prodigious fighter,
he generally found himself on the losing side in his subsequent engagements. During the anarchic reign of King
Stephen he was captured with Stephen at the battle of Lincoln in 1141.[4]
Soon after his release, Roger married Alice de Gant (d. c. 1181), daughter of Walter de Gant and widow of
Ilbert de Lacy, and by whom he had two sons, Nigel and Robert.[5] Roger also had at least one daughter,
donating his lands at Granville to the Abbeye des Dames in Caen when she became a nun there.[4]
In 1147, he was one of the few English nobles to join Louis VII of France on the Second Crusade.[2] He gained
further acclaim, according to John of Hexham, defeating a Muslim leader in single combat.[5]
Career under Henry II
Roger supported the Revolt of 1173–74 against Henry II and fought with his sons, Nigel and Robert, but they
were defeated at Kinardferry, Kirkby Malzeard and Thirsk.[4]
Roger left for the Holy Land again in 1186, but encountered further misfortune being captured at the Battle of
Hattin in 1187.[3] His ransom was met by the Templars, but he died soon after and, according to some accounts,
was buried at Tyre in Palestine. There is, however, some controversy surrounding his death and burial and final
resting-place.[2][6]
Legacy
Mowbray was a significant benefactor and supporter of several religious institutions in Yorkshire including
Fountains Abbey.[3][2] With his mother he sheltered the monks of Calder, fleeing before the Scots in 1138, and
supported their establishment at Byland Abbey in 1143. Later, in 1147, he facilitated their relocation to
Coxwold.
Roger made a generous donation of two carucates of land (c.240 acres), a house and two mills to the Order of
Saint Lazarus, headquartered at Burton St Lazarus Hospital in Leicestershire, after his return from the crusades
in 1150.[7] His cousin William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel and his wife Adeliza, the widow of King Henry
I, had been amongst the earliest patrons of the order and, when combined with Roger's experiences in the Holy
Land, may have encouraged his charity.[8] His family continued to support the Order for many generations and
the Mowbrays lion rampant coat of arms was adopted by the Hospital of Burton St Lazars alongside their more
usual green cross.[1][9]
He also supported the Knights Templar and gave them land in Warwickshire where they founded Temple
Balsall.[7]
In total, Roger is credited with assisting the establishment of thirty-five churches.[2]
References
1. Burke, Bernard (1884). Burkes General Armoury. London: Burkes.
2. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thpeu blic domain: Round, John
Horace (1911). "Mowbray" (https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri18chisrich#page/948/mode/1up. )In Chisholm,
Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 948.
3. "Roger de Mowbray" (http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/people/roger_de_mowbra.yphp). Cistercians in Yorkshire Project.
Retrieved 23 February 2013.
4. Tait 1891.
5. "Mowbray, Sir Roger (I) de". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19458 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19458) . (Subscription or UK public library
membership (https://global.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/) required.)
6. "The mystery of the Mowbray grave "(http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/byland/history/app5.php. )Cistercians in Yorkshire
Project. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
7. Nichols, John (1795). The History and Antiquities of the County of Leiceste.r Leicester: John Nichols.
8. Marcombe, David (2003).L eper Knights. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 34.I SBN 1-84383-067-1.
9. Bourne, Terry; Marcombe, David, eds. (1987).T he Burton Lazars Cartulary: A Medieval Leicestershier Estate.
Nottingham: University of Nottingham.
Attribution
Tait, James (1891). "Mowbray, Roger de". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National
Biography. 25. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
See also
House of Mowbray

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Categories: Christians of the Second Crusade People of The Anarchy 1120 births 1188 deaths
12th-century English people Feudal barons of Mowbray
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Family/Spouse: de Gaunt, Lady Alice. Alice was born in 1120 in Lincolnshire, England; died in 1176 in Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]