Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Ealdorman of Kent

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Wessex

Notes:

Eadgifu of Kent
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eadgifu of Kent (also Edgiva or Ediva) (in or before 903 - in or after 966) was the third wife of Edward the Elder, King of the Anglo-Saxons.

Eadgifu was the daughter of Sigehelm, Ealdorman of Kent, who died at the Battle of the Holme in 902.[1] She became the mother of two sons, Edmund I of England, later King Edmund I, and Eadred of England, later King Eadred, and two daughters, Saint Eadburh of Winchester and Eadgifu.[2] She survived Edward by many years, dying in the reign of her grandson Edgar.

According to a narrative written in the early 960s, her father had given Cooling in Kent to a man called Goda as security for a loan. She claimed that her father had repaid the loan and left the land to her, but Goda denied receiving payment and refused to surrender the land. She got possession of Cooling six years after her father's death, when her friends persuaded King Edward to threaten to dispossess Goda of his property unless he gave up the estate. Edward later declared Goda's lands forfeit and gave the charters to Eadgifu, but she returned most of the estates to Goda, although retained the charters. Some time after this her marriage to Edward took place. After his death King Æthelstan required Eadgifu to return the charters to Goda, perhaps because the king was on bad terms with his stepmother.[3] She disappeared from court during the reign of her step-son, King Æthelstan, but she was prominent and influential during the reign of her two sons.[2] As queen dowager, her position seem to have been higher than that of her daughter-in-law; In a Kentish charter datable between 942 and 944, her daughter-in-law Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury subscribes herself as the king's concubine (concubina regis), with a place assigned to her between the bishops and ealdormen. By comparison, Eadgifu subscribes higher up in the witness list as mater regis, after her sons Edmund and Eadred but before the archbishops and bishops.[4]

Following the death of her younger son Eadred in 955, she was deprived of her lands by her eldest grandson, King Eadwig, perhaps because she took the side of his younger brother, Edgar, in the struggle between them. When Edgar succeeded on Eadwig's death in 959 she recovered some lands and received generous gifts from her grandson, but she never returned to her prominent position at court. She is last recorded as a witness to a charter in 966.[2]

She was known as a supporter of saintly churchmen and a benefactor of churches.[2]

Notes
1. Pauline Stafford dates the Battle of the Holme as 903 and Eadgifu's date of birth as in or before 904, but the battle took place on 13 December 902 (Miller, Edward the Elder)
2. Stafford, Eadgifu
3. Molyneaux, The Formation of the English Kingdom, pp. 70-71
4. S 514 (AD 942 x 946).

References
Miller, Sean (2004). "Edward (called Edward the Elder) (870s?–924), king of the Anglo-Saxons". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8514. Retrieved 10 August 2012.

Molyneaux, George (2015). The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-871791-1.

Stafford, Pauline (2004). "Eadgifu (b. in or before 904, d. in or after 966), queen of the Anglo-Saxons, consort of Edward the Elder". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eadgifu_of_Kent&oldid=705224111"
Categories: 10th-century English people 10th-century women Anglo-Saxon royal consorts
10th-century deaths House of Wessex
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Family/Spouse: of Wessex, King Edward. Edward (son of of Wessex, King Alfred and of Mercia, Queen Eathswith) was born in 874 in Wantage, Oxfordshire, England; was christened on 31 May 900 in Kingdom of Wessex (England); died on 17 Jul 924 in Farndon, Cheshire, England; was buried after 17 Jul 924 in New Minster, Winchester, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: The Magnificent
• FSID: LCTX-4Q3
• Appointments / Titles: Between 27 Oct 939 and 26 May 946; King of England

Notes:

Edmund

King of the English
Tenure 27 October 939 – 26 May 946
Coronation c. 29 November 939 probably at Kingston upon Thames[1]
Predecessor Æthelstan
Successor Eadred
Born 921 Wessex, England
Died 26 May 946 (aged 24–25) Pucklechurch, Gloucestershire, England
Burial Glastonbury Abbey
Spouse Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
Æthelflæd of Damerham
Issue Eadwig, King of England
Edgar, King of England
House Wessex
Father Edward, King of Wessex
Mother Eadgifu of Kent
Religion Roman Catholic
Edmund I
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Edmund I (Old English: Ēadmund, pronounced [æːɑdmund]; 921 – 26 May
946), called the Elder, the Deed-doer, the Just, or the Magnificent, was King
of the English from 939 until his death. He was a son of Edward the Elder
and half-brother of Æthelstan. Æthelstan died on 27 October 939, and
Edmund succeeded him as king.
Contents
1 Early life and Military threats
2 Louis IV of France
3 Death and succession
4 Ancestry
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Early life and Military threats
Edmund came to the throne as the son of Edward the Elder,[2] and therefore
the grandson of Alfred the Great, great-grandson of Æthelwulf of Wessex
and great-great grandson of Egbert of Wessex, who was the first of the house
of Wessex to start dominating the Anglo Saxon realms. However, being born
when his father was already a middle aged man, Edward lost his father when
he was a toddler, in 924, which saw his 30 year old half brother Athelstan
come to the throne. Edmund would grow up in the reign of Athelstan, even
participating in the Battle of Brunanburgh in his adolescence in 937
Athelstan died in the year 939, which saw young Edmund come to the
throne. Shortly after his proclamation as king, he had to face several military
threats. King Olaf III Guthfrithson conquered Northumbria and invaded the
Midlands; when Olaf died in 942, Edmund reconquered the Midlands.[2] In
943, Edmund became the god-father of King Olaf of York. In 944, Edmund
was successful in reconquering Northumbria.[3] In the same year, his ally
Olaf of York lost his throne and left for Dublin in Ireland. Olaf became the
king of Dublin as Amlaíb Cuarán and continued to be allied to his godfather.
In 945, Edmund conquered Strathclyde but ceded the territory to
King Malcolm I of Scotland in exchange for a treaty of mutual military
support.[3] Edmund thus established a policy of safe borders and peaceful
relationships with Scotland. During his reign, the revival of monasteries in
England began.
Louis IV of France
One of Edmund's last political movements of which there is some knowledge is his role in the restoration of Louis IV of
France to the throne. Louis, son of Charles the Simple and Edmund's half-sister Eadgifu, had resided at the West-Saxon court
for some time until 936, when he returned to be crowned King of France. In the summer of 945, he was captured by the
Norsemen of Rouen and subsequently released to Duke Hugh the Great, who held him in custody. The chronicler Richerus
claims that Eadgifu wrote letters both to Edmund and to Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor in which she requested support for her
son. Edmund responded to her plea by sending angry threats to Hugh.[4] Flodoard's Annales, one of Richerus' sources, report:
Silver penny of Edmund I
Coin of King Edmund
Edmund, king of the English, sent messengers to Duke Hugh about the
restoration of King Louis, and the duke accordingly made a public
agreement with his nephews and other leading men of his kingdom. [...]
Hugh, duke of the Franks, allying himself with Hugh the Black, son of
Richard, and the other leading men of the kingdom, restored to the
kingdom King Louis.[5][6]
Death and succession
On 26 May 946, Edmund was murdered by Leofa, an exiled thief, while attending St
Augustine's Day mass in Pucklechurch (South Gloucestershire).[7] John of Worcester
and William of Malmesbury add some lively detail by suggesting that Edmund had
been feasting with his nobles, when he spotted Leofa in the crowd. He attacked
the intruder in person, but in the event, Leofa killed him. Leofa was killed on the
spot by those present.[8] A recent article re-examines Edmund's death and
dismisses the later chronicle accounts as fiction. It suggests the king was the
victim of a political assassination.[9]
Edmund's sister Eadgyth, the wife of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, died earlier
the same year, as Flodoard's Annales for 946 report.[10]
Edmund was succeeded as king by his brother Eadred, king from 946 until 955.
Edmund's sons later ruled England as:
Eadwig, King of England from 955 until 957, king of only Wessex and Kent from 957 until his death on 1 October 959.
Edgar the Peaceful, king of Mercia and Northumbria from 957 until his brother's death in 959, then king of England
from 959 until 975.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Edmund I of England
16. Egbert of Wessex
8. Æthelwulf of Wessex
17. Redburga
4. Alfred the Great
18. Oslac
9. Osburga
2. Edward the Elder
10. Æthelred Mucil
5. Ealhswith
11. Eadburh
1. Edmund I of England
6. Sigehelm, Ealdorman of Kent
3. Eadgifu of Kent
Diagram based on the information found on Wikipedia
See also
Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
Burial places of British royalty
Edmund the Just, fictional king of Narnia
Notes
1. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England, p. 514
2. Edmund I (king of England)," Edmund-I" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/179333/ )Encyclopædia Britannica
3. David Nash Ford, Edmund the Magnificent, King of the English (AD 921-946, )Early British Kingdoms (http://www.earlybritishkingdom
s.com/adversaries/bios/edmundmag.html.)
4. Richerus, Historiae, Book 2, chapters 49–50. See MGH online (http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00000607/images/index.html?id=000006
07&fip=62.251.15.35&no=20&seite=139.)
5. Dorothy Whitelock (tr.), English Historical Documents c. 500–1042. 2nd ed. London, 1979. p. 345.
6. Edmundus, Anglorum rex, legatos ad Hugonem principem pro restitutione Ludowici regis dirigit: et idem princeps proinde conventus
publicos eumnepotibus suis aliisque regni primatibus agit. [...] Hugo, dux Francorum, ascito secum Hugo Nneigro, filio Richardi,
ceterisque regni primatibus Ludowicum regem, [...] in regnum restituit. (FlodoardA,n nales 946.)
Wikisource has original
works written by or about:
Edmund I of England
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Edmund I
of England.
7. "Here King Edmund died on St Augustines’ Day [26 May]. It was widely known how he edned his days, that Liofa stabbed him at
Pucklechurch. And Æthelflæd of Damerham, daughter of Ealdorman Ælfg,a wr as then his queen." Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, MS D, tr.
Michael Swanton.
8. John of Worcester, Chronicon AD 946; William of Malmesbury, Gesta regum, book 2, chapter 144. The description of the circumstances
remained a popular feature in medieval chronicles, such aHs igden's Polychronicon: "But William, libro ij° de Regibus, seyth (says) that
this kyng kepyng a feste at Pulkirchirche, in the feste of seynte Austyn, and seyng a thefe, Leof by name, sytte [th]er amonge hys gestes,
whom he hade made blynde afore for his trespasses –(q uem rex prios propter scelera eliminavera,t whom the King previously due to his
crimes did excile) – , arysede (arrested) from the table, and takenge that man by the heire of the hedde, caste him unto the grownde.
Whiche kynge was sleyn – (sed nebulonis arcano evisceratus est) – with a lyttle knyfe the [th]e man hade in his honde [hand]; and also he
hurte mony men soore with the same knyfe; neverthelesse he was kytte (cut) at the laste into smalle partes by men longyng to the kynge."
Polychronicon, 1527. See Google Books (https://books.google.com/books?id=2lQJAAAAQAAJ&q=HIGDEN)
9. K. Halloran, A Murder at Pucklechurch: The Death of King Edmund, 26 May 946. Midland Histo, rVyolume 40, Issue 1 (Spring 2015),
pp. 120-129.
10. Edmundus rex Transmarinus defungitur, uxor quoque regis Othonis, soror ipsius Edmundi, decessit. "Edmund, king across the sea, died,
and the wife of King Otto, sister of the same Edmund, died also." (.t rDorothy Whitelock, English Historical Documents c. 500–1042. 2nd
ed. London, 1979. p. 345).
References
Flodoard, Annales, ed. Philippe Lauer, Les Annales de Flodoard. Collection des textes pour servir à l'étude et à
l'enseignement de l'histoire 39. Paris: Picard, 1905.
External links
Edmund 14 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Æthelstan
King of the
English
939–946
Succeeded by
Eadred
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edmund_I&oldid=786351603"
Categories: 921 births 946 deaths Anglo-Saxon monarchs Burials at Glastonbury Abbey
10th-century murdered monarchs 10th-century English monarchs English murder victims Christian monarchs
House of Wessex Monarchs of England before 1066
This page was last edited on 18 June 2017, at 22:34.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using
this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Family/Spouse: of Shaftesbury, Ælfgifu. Ælfgifu was born in 925 in Kingdom of Wessex (England); died in 944 in Kingdom of Wessex (England); was buried in 944 in Kingdom of Wessex (England). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of England
• Nickname: The Peaceable
• FSID: 9QDN-T2K

Notes:

Edgar
A contemporary portrayal of King Edgar in the New
Minster Charter.
King of the English
Reign 1 October 959 – 8 July 975
Predecessor Eadwig
Successor Edward
Born 943/944
Died 8 July 975 (aged 31/32)
Winchester, Hampshire
Burial Glastonbury Abbey
Spouse Æthelflæd[1]
Wulfthryth[1]
Ælfthryth
Issue Edward, King of England
Eadgyth[1]
Edmund[2]
Æthelred, King of England
House Wessex
Father Edmund, King of England
Mother Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
Religion Roman Catholic
Edgar the Peaceful
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Edgar I (Old English: Ēadgār; c. 943—8 July 975), known as Edgar the Peaceful or the Peaceable,
was King of England from 959 to 975. He was the younger son of King Edmund I and his Queen,
Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury.
Contents
1 Accession
2 Government
3 Benedictine reform
4 Dead Man's Plack
5 Coronation at Bath
6 Death
7 Appearance
8 Ancestry
9 See also
10 Notes
11 Further reading
12 External links
Accession
Edgar was the son of Edmund I and Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury. Upon the death of King Edmund in 946,
Edgar's uncle, Eadred, ruled until 955. Eadred was succeeded by his nephew, Eadwig, the son of
Edmund and Edgar's older brother.
Eadwig was not a popular king, and his reign was marked by conflict with nobles and the Church,
primarily St Dunstan and Archbishop Oda. In 957, the thanes of Mercia and Northumbria changed
their allegiance to Edgar.[3] A conclave of nobles declared Edgar as king of the territory north of the
Thames.[4] Edgar became King of England upon Eadwig's death in October 959, aged just 16
Government
One of Edgar's first actions was to recall Dunstan from exile and have him made Bishop of Worcester
(and subsequently Bishop of London and later, Archbishop of Canterbury). Dunstan remained Edgar's
advisor throughout his reign. While Edgar may not have been a particularly peaceable man, his reign
was peaceful. The Kingdom of England was well established, and Edgar consolidated the political
unity achieved by his predecessors. By the end of his reign, England was sufficiently unified in that it
was unlikely to regress back to a state of division among rival kingships, as it had to an extent under
the reign of Eadred. Blackstone mentions that King Edgar standardised measure throughout the
realm.[5] According to George Molyneaux, Edgar's reign, "far more than the reigns of either Alfred or
Æthelstan, was probably the most pivotal phase in the development of the institutional structures that
were fundamental to royal rule in the eleventh-century kingdom".[6]
Benedictine reform
The Monastic Reform Movement that introduced the Benedictine Rule to England's monastic communities peaked during the era of Dunstan, Æthelwold,
and Oswald (historians continue to debate the extent and significance of this movement).[7]
Dead Man's Plack
In 963, Edgar allegedly killed Earl Æthelwald, his rival in love, near present-day Longparish, Hampshire.[8] The event was commemorated by the Dead
Man's Plack, erected in 1825.[8] In 1875, Edward Augustus Freeman debunked the story as a "tissue of romance" in his book, Historic Essays;[9]
however, his arguments were rebutted by naturalist William Henry Hudson in his 1920 book Dead Man's Plack and an Old Thorn.[4]
Coronation at Bath
Edgar was crowned at Bath and along with his wife Ælfthryth was anointed, setting a precedent for a coronation of a queen in England itself.[10] Edgar's
coronation did not happen until 973, in an imperial ceremony planned not as the initiation, but as the culmination of his reign (a move that must have
taken a great deal of preliminary diplomacy). This service, devised by Dunstan himself and celebrated with a poem in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, forms
the basis of the present-day British coronation ceremony.
The symbolic coronation was an important step; other kings of Britain came and gave their allegiance to Edgar shortly afterwards at Chester. Six kings in
Britain, including the King of Scots and the King of Strathclyde, pledged their faith that they would be the king's liege-men on sea and land. Later
chroniclers made the kings into eight, all plying the oars of Edgar's state barge on the River Dee.[11] Such embellishments may not be factual, and what
A coin of Edgar, struck in
Winchcombe (c. 973-75).
actually happened is unclear.[12]
Death
Edgar died on 8 July 975 at Winchester, Hampshire. He left behind Edward, who was probably his illegitimate son
by Æthelflæd (not to be confused with the Lady of the Mercians), and Æthelred, the younger, the child of his wife
Ælfthryth. He was succeeded by Edward. Edgar also had a possibly illegitimate daughter by Wulfthryth, who later
became abbess of Wilton. She was joined there by her daughter, Edith of Wilton, who lived there as a nun until her
death. Both women were later regarded as saints.[13][14]
Some see Edgar's death as the beginning of the end of Anglo-Saxon England, followed as it was by three successful
11th century conquests — two Danish and one Norman.
Appearance
"[H]e was extremely small both in stature and bulk..."[15]
Ancestry
Ancestors of Edgar the Peaceful
16. Æthelwulf of Wessex
8. Alfred the Great
17. Osburga
4. Edward the Elder
18. Æthelred Mucel
9. Ealhswith
19. Eadburh
2. Edmund I of England
10. Sigehelm, Ealdorman of Kent
5. Eadgifu of Kent
1. Edgar
3. Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
7. Wynflaed
See also
House of Wessex family tree
Notes
1. Pauline Stafford, Queen Emma & Queen Edith, Blackwell 2001, pp. 324-325
2. Stafford, op. cit., p. 91
3. "Edgar the Peaceful (c943 - 975) - King of England", BBC, January 13, 200 (5http://news.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-lancashire/%C3%A2%C3%AF%C2%BF%C2%BD%C
3%AF%C2%BF%C2BDplain/A2982387)
4. Hudson, William Henry (1920). Dead Man's Plack and an Old Thorn (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/19691/19691-h/19691-h.htm).
5. Blackstone, "Of the King's Prerogative" Bk. 1, Ch. 7 (http://www.lonang.com/exlibris/blackstone/bla-107.htm)
6. Molyneaux, George (2015). The Formation of the English Kingdom in the eTnth Century. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 193I. SBN 978-0-19-871791-1.
7. Lehmberg, Stanford (2013). A History of the Peoples of the British Isles: Form Prehistoric Times to 1688. Routledge. p. 29. ISBN 1134415281.
8. "Deadman's Plack Monument - Longparish - Hampshire - England ("http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-139701-deadman-s-plack-monument-longparhis).
British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
9. Freeman, Edward Augustus (1875).H istoric Essays (https://archive.org/details/historicalessays00free.) MacMillan & Co. pp. 10–25.
10. Honeycutt, Lois (2003). Matilda of Scotland: a Study in Medieval Queenship. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. p. 35.
11. Huscroft, R (2013). The Norman Conquest: A New Introduction. Routledge. p. 21. ISBN 1317866274.
12. Scragg, D. G. (2008), Edgar, King of the English, 959-975: New Interpertations, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, p. 121,I SBN 1843833999, "Precisely what happened at
Chester has been irretrievably obscured by the embellishments of twelfth-century historia"ns
Wikisource has original
works written by or about:
Edgar of England
13. Yorke, Barbara (2004). "Wulfthryth (St Wulfthryth) (d. c.1000), abbess of Wilton" (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/49423/?back=,8463,49423,8482,49423,848
2). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49423 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F49423) . Retrieved
17 November 2012. (subscription or UK public library membership (https://global.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/) required)
14. Williams, Ann (2004). "Edgar (called Edgar Pacificus) (943/4–975) "(http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8463?docPos=1.) Oxford Dictionary of National
Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8463 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8463). Retrieved 16 May 2012.(subscription or UK public
library membership (https://global.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/) required)
15. From the Gesta Regum Anglorum of William of Malmesbury (c.1080–1143)
Further reading
Scragg, Donald (ed.). Edgar, King of the English, 959–975: New Interpretations. Publications of the Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies.
Manchester: Boydell Press, 2008. ISBN 1-84383-399-9. Contents (external link).
Keynes, Simon. "England, c. 900–1016." In The New Cambridge Medieval History III. c.900–c.1024, ed. Timothy Reuter. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1999. 456-84.
Sobecki, Sebastian. "Edgar's Archipelago." In The Sea and Englishness in the Middle Ages: Maritime Narratives, Identity and Culture, ed.
Sobecki. Cambridge: Brewer, 2011. 1-30.
External links
Edgar 11 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
Medieval Sourcebook: Anglo-Saxon Dooms: laws of King Edgar, a fragment
Edgar the Peaceful at Find a Grave
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Eadwig
King of the English
959–975
Succeeded by
Edward the
Martyr
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgar_the_Peaceful&oldid=784565550"
Categories: Monarchs of England before 1066 940s births 975 deaths Burials at Glastonbury Abbey Roman Catholic royal saints
10th-century English monarchs Christian monarchs House of Wessex Mercian monarchs
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the
Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Edgar married of England, Ælfthryth in 964 in Kingdom of Wessex (England). Ælfthryth (daughter of of Devon, Ordgar) was born in 947 in Devon, England; died on 17 Nov 1000 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]