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6801 Roger Mortimer of Wigmore
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Roger de Mortimer (before 1153-before 8 July 1214) was a medieval marcher lord, residing at Wigmore Castle in the English county of Herefordshire. He was the son of Hugh de Mortimer (d. 26 February 1181) and Matilda Le Meschin.

Early life
Roger would appear to have been of age in 1174 when he fought for King Henry II against the rebellion of his son, Henry. In 1179 Roger was instrumental in the killing of Cadwallon ap Madog, the prince of Maelienydd and Elfael, both of which Mortimer coveted. He was imprisoned until June 1182 at Winchester for this killing.

Children
He had married Isabel (d. before 29 April 1252), the daughter of Walchelin de Ferriers of Oakham Castle in Rutland before 1196. With Isabel, Roger had three sons and a daughter:

Hugh de Mortimer (d.1227) - married Annora (Eleanor) de Braose, daughter of William de Braose and his wife Maud.
Ralph de Mortimer (d.1246).
Philip Mortimer
Joan Mortimer (d.1225) - married May 1212 to Walter de Beauchamp
He is often wrongly stated to have been the father of Robert Mortimer of Richards Castle (died 1219) - married Margary de Say, daughter of Hugh de Say. But this Robert was born before 1155 and therefore could not have been a son of Roger.

Lord of Maelienydd
In 1195 Roger, with the backing of troops sent by King Richard I invaded Maelienydd and rebuilt Cymaron Castle. In 1196 he joined forces with Hugh de Say of Richards Castle and fought and lost the battle of New Radnor against Rhys ap Gruffydd, allegedly losing some forty knights and an innumerable number of foot in the fight. By 1200 he had conquered Maelienydd and issued a new charter of rights to Cwmhir Abbey. In the summer of 1214 he became gravely ill and bought the right for his son to inherit his lands while he still lived from King John. He died before 8 July 1214. 		de Mortimer, Roger (I25561)
 
6802 Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore Castle in Herefordshire, was famous and honored knight who was a loyal ally of King Henry III of England. He was at times an enemy, at times an ally, of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales.

Born in 1231, Roger was the son of Ralph de Mortimer and his Welsh wife, Gwladys Ddu, daughter of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth and Joan Plantagenet, daughter of John, King of England.

In 1256 Roger went to war with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd when the latter invaded his lordship of Gwrtheyrnion or Rhayader. This war would continue intermittently until the deaths of both Roger and Llywelyn in 1282. They were both grandsons of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth.

Mortimer fought for the King against the rebel Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, and almost lost his life in 1264 at the Battle of Lewes fighting Montfort's men. In 1265 Mortimer's wife, Maud de Braose helped rescue Prince Edward; and Mortimer and the Prince made an alliance against de Montfort.

In August 1265, de Montfort's army was surrounded by the River Avon on three sides, and Prince Edward's army on the fourth. Mortimer had sent his men to block the only possible escape route, at the Bengeworth bridge. The Battle of Evesham began in earnest. A storm roared above the battle field. Montfort's Welsh soldiers broke and ran for the bridge, where they were slaughtered by Mortimer's men. Mortimer himself killed Hugh Despencer and Montfort, and crushed Montfort's army. Mortimer was awarded Montfort's severed head and other parts of his anatomy, which he sent home to Wigmore Castle as a gift for his wife, Lady Mortimer.

Mortimer took part in Edward I's 1282 campaign against Llewelyn the Last, and was put in charge of operations in mid-Wales. It was a major setback for Edward when Mortimer died in October 1282.
His wife was Maud de Braose, daughter of William de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny by Eva Marshal. Roger Mortimer had married Maud in 1247. She was, like him, a scion of a Welsh Marches family.

Their eight known children were:

Ralph Mortimer, died 10 August 1274, Sheriff of Shropshire and Staffordshire.

Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer (1251–1304), married Margaret de Fiennes, the daughter of William II de Fiennes and Blanche de Brienne. Had issue, including Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March.

Isabella Mortimer, died 1292. She married (1) John Fitzalan, 7th Earl of Arundel; and (2) Robert de Hastang.

Margaret Mortimer, died 1297. She married Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford.

Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Chirk, died 1326.

Geoffrey Mortimer, died 1273. He was a knight.

William Mortimer, (c.1259-before June 1297) was hostage for his father in 1264. He was knighted, and married Hawise, daughter and heir of Robert de Mucegros. Died childless.

Iseult de Mortimer died shortly before 4 August 1338. She married Hugh de Audley, Knight and Lord Audley. Their eldest son, Ralph, was a famed knight but died in his youth. The second son, Edmund, was recalled from Oxford University and appointed his father's heir.

Roger Mortimer died on 30th October 1282 and was buried at Wigmore Abbey

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Mortimer%2C_1st_Baron_Mortimer_of_Wigmore 		de Mortimer, Baron Roger (I35642)
 
6803 Roger Mortimer, 3rd Baron Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (25 April 1287 – 29 November 1330), was an English nobleman and powerful Marcher lord who gained many estates in the Welsh Marches and Ireland following his advantageous marriage to the wealthy heiress Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville.

In November 1316, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1322 for having led the Marcher lords in a revolt against King Edward II in what became known as the Despenser War. He later escaped to France, where he was joined by Edward's queen consort Isabella, whom he may have taken as his mistress. After he and Isabella led a successful invasion and rebellion, Edward was deposed; Mortimer allegedly arranged his murder at Berkeley Castle. For three years, Mortimer was de facto ruler of England before being himself overthrown by Edward's eldest son, Edward III. Accused of assuming royal power and other crimes, Mortimer was executed by hanging at Tyburn.

Mortimer, grandson of Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer and Maud de Braose, Baroness Mortimer, was born at Wigmore Castle, Herefordshire, England, the firstborn of Marcher Lord Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer, and Margaret de Fiennes. He was born on 25 April 1287, the Feast of Saint Mark, a day of bad omen. He shared this birthday with King Edward II, which would be relevant later in life. Edmund Mortimer was a second son, intended for minor orders and a clerical career, but on the sudden death of his elder brother Ralph, Edmund was recalled from Oxford University and installed as heir.

Like many noble children of his time, Roger Mortimer was betrothed at a young age, to Joan de Geneville (born 1286), the daughter of Sir Piers de Geneville, of Trim Castle and Ludlow. They were married on 20 September 1301 when he was aged fourteen. Their first child was born in 1302.

Through his marriage, Mortimer not only acquired numerous possessions in the Welsh Marches, including the important Ludlow Castle, which became the chief stronghold of the Mortimers, but also extensive estates and influence in Ireland. However, Joan de Geneville was not an "heiress" at the time of her marriage. Her grandfather Geoffrey de Geneville, at the age of eighty in 1308, conveyed most, but not all, of his Irish lordships to Mortimer, and then retired: he finally died in 1314, with Joan succeeding as suo jure 2nd Baroness Geneville.

Mortimer was conveyed to the Tower. Accused of assuming royal power and of various other high misdemeanours, he was condemned without trial and hanged at Tyburn on 29 November 1330, his vast estates forfeited to the crown. His body hung at the gallows for two days and nights in full view of the populace. Mortimer's widow Joan received a pardon in 1336 and survived until 1356. She was buried beside Mortimer at Wigmore, but the site was later destroyed.

The marriages of Mortimer's children (three sons and eight daughters) cemented Mortimer's strengths in the West.

1. Sir Edmund Mortimer knt (1302–1331), married Elizabeth de Badlesmere; they produced Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March, who was restored to his grandfather's title.

2. Margaret Mortimer (1304 – 5 May 1337), married Thomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley

3. Maud Mortimer (1307 – after 1345), married John de Charlton, Lord of Powys

4. Geoffrey Mortimer (1309–1372/6), who inherited the French seigneurie of Couhé as the assigned heir of his grandmother Joan of Lusignan, and founded a branch of the family based in France.

5. John Mortimer (1310–1328)

6. Joan Mortimer (c. 1312 – 1337/51), married James Audley, 2nd Baron Audley

7. Isabella Mortimer (c. 1313 – after 1327)

8. Katherine Mortimer (c. 1314 – 1369), married Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick

9. Agnes Mortimer (c. 1317 – 1368), married Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke

10. Beatrice Mortimer (died 16 October 1383), who married firstly, Edward of Norfolk (died before 9 August 1334), son and heir apparent of Thomas of Brotherton, by whom she had no issue; and secondly, before 13 September 1337, Thomas de Brewes (died 9 or 16 June 1361), by whom she had three sons and three daughters.

11. Blanche Mortimer (c. 1321 – 1347), married Peter de Grandison, 2nd Baron Grandison.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Mortimer,_1st_Earl_of_March

..............................................................

From The Execution of Roger Mortimer by Kathryn Warner (2006):

"Roger Mortimer was a fascinating man who deserves to be much better known. He was intelligent, competent, and ruthless, and, in the end, proof of the adage that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Power went to his head at least as much as it did to Hugh Despenser's, and he repeated the avaricious and tyrannical mistakes of the previous favorite, and added a few of his own."

"Thanks to Edward III's lack of vindictiveness, however, Roger's descendants thrived in the later fourteenth century. His grandson Roger was restored to the earldom of March in 1354, his great-grandson Edmund married Edward III's granddaughter Philippa of Clarence, and his great-great-grandson Roger was heir to the throne of England in the late 1390s."

Family
Father: Sir Edmund Mortimer, Lord of Wigmore (1251 - 17 Jul 1304)
Mother: Margaret de Fiennes (Aft 1269 - 7 Feb 1333/1334)
Married:

Roger married Joane de Geneville (2 Feb 1285-9 Oct 1356) on the September 1301. She was the daughter of Sir Piers de Geneville and Joan of Lusignan. It was an arrranged marriage and he was only 14 at the time.

Their 12 children (four sons, eight daughters):

Margaret Mortimer (1304 - 5 May 1337). Married Thomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley.
Sir Edmund Mortimer (Abt 1306 - 17 Dec 1331). Married Elizabeth de Badlesmere.
Sir Roger Mortimer ( - ). Married Joan Le Botiller.
Maud Mortimer (1307 - Aft 1345). Married John de Charlton, Lord of Powys.
Geoffrey Mortimer, Lord of Towyth (1309 - Abt 1372/1376). Married Jeanne de Lezay.
John Mortimer (1310 - 1328). He was killed in a tournament at Shrewsbury sometime after 1328.
Joan Mortimer (Abt 1311/1313 - Abt 1337/1351). Married James Audley, 2nd Baron Audley.
Isabella Mortimer (Abt 1311/1313 - Aft 1327)
Catherine Mortimer (1314 - 4 Aug 1369/6 September 1369). Married Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick.
Blanche Mortimer (Abt 1314/1322 - 1347). Married Peter de Grandison, 2nd Baron Grandison.
Agnes Mortimer (Abt 1315/1321 - 25 Jul 1368). Married Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke.
Beatrice Mortimer (Abt 1315/1321 - 16 Oct 1383). Married 1) Edward of Norfolk 2) Thomas de Braose, 1st Baron Braose.

Liaison with: Isabelle de France (Abt 1292 - 22 Aug 1358). No issue 		de Mortimer, Roger (I35637)
 
6804 Rohese Giffard (sometimes Rose, or Rohais; died after 1113) was a Norman noblewoman in the late 11th and early 12th century.
Early life
Giffard was the daughter of Walter Giffard. Her maternal grandfather was Gerard Fleitel. Walter Giffard was the lord of Longueville-sur-Scie in upper Normandy.

Marriage
Giffard was the wife of Richard fitzGilbert, the son of Gilbert, Count of Brionne. Domesday Book records him as the eighth richest landowner in England, with lands centered on two locations – lands in Kent and Surrey grouped around Tonbridge and lands in Essex and Suffolk grouped around Clare.
Their children were
1. Roger,
2. Gilbert,
3. Walter,
4. Robert,
5. Richard,
6. Godfrey,
7. Rohese (or Rohais), and
8. Adelisa.

Roger received the Norman lands after Richard fitzGilbert's death, Gilbert received his father's English lands, Walter was given a Welsh lordship by King Henry I of England, and Robert was given lands around London by King Henry I. Richard became a monk at Bec Abbey and was later abbot of Ely Abbey. The last son, Godfrey, is known only from his burial at Clare. Rohais married Eudo Dapifer and Adelisa married Walter Tirel.
A daughter of Richard, who is unnamed, is said to have married Ralph de Fougères, but it is not known whether this refers to another marriage for either Rohais or Adelisa or if this is a third daughter. Some of the children were born before 1066, as a gift to Jumièges Abbey in 1066 mentions the souls of their children.

Landowner
Giffard occurs in Domesday Book as a landowner in her own right. Richard died between 1085 and 1087, as his son Gilbert witnesses a charter of King William II of England in that year. Rohese survived him and was still alive in 1113, when she gave a gift to St Neot's Priory which had been founded as a dependent priory of Bec on Rohese's own manor of Eynesbury. Rohese's descendants eventually were the heirs to the lands held by her father, receiving half the honour of Long Crendon in Buckinghamshire in the reign of King Richard I of England (r. 1189–1199).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohese_Giffard

------------------------------------------------------------------

“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“RICHARD FITZ GILBERT, of Bienfaite and Orbec, Normandy, lord of Clare, Suffolk, Tonbridge, Kent, Standon, Hertfordshire, Blechingley, Surrey, etc., son of Gilbert Fitz Godfrey, Count of Brionne, born about 1030-35.
He married ROHESE (or ROHAIS, ROHAID, ROAXIDIS) GIFFARD, daughter of Walter Giffard, of Longueville-sur-Scie (Seine-Maritime), Normandy, Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire, etc., by Agnes, daughter of Gerard Flaitel (or Fleitel).
They had six sons,
1. Roger,
2. Gilbert,
3. Walter,
4. Richard [Abbot of Ely],
5. Robert, and
6. Godfrey,
and four daughters,
7. Rohese,
8. Alice (wife of Walter Tirel), and
9. Avice.
He was among those consulted about the proposed invasion of England in the assembly at Bonneville-sur-Touques in 1066, but there is no direct evidence of his personal participation at Hastings or in the campaign. Nevertheless, he was a significant figure soon afterwards and occurs as a witness of royal charters throughout the reign of King William the Conqueror. He was rewarded with no fewer than 176 lordships, which consisted of two concentrations of lands, one in Kent and Surrey, and the other in Suffolk and Essex. His holdings at Tonbridge, Kent and Clare, Suffolk were both given motte and bailey castles. During the king's absence, he served as Joint Chief Justiciar. He played a leading role in suppressing the rebellion of Roger de Breteuil, Earl of Hereford and Ralph de Gael in 1075 or 1076. In 1078 or 1079 he and his wife, Rohese, sent to Bec Abbey for a colony of monks to replenish the vacant convent at Neotsbury, Huntingdonshire. Sometime before 1086 he granted the monks of Bec his manors of Tooting and Streatham, and land in Horsham (in Walton-on-Thames), all in Surrey. Sometime before 1090 he confirmed to the monks of Bec two thirds of his demesne tithes and one villain in Standon, Hertfordshire; and two thirds of his demesne tithes in Blechingley, Chivington, Woodmansteme, Tolworth, Chipstead, Betchworth, and Walton Leigh, Surrey and houses in Southwark, Surrey and Tonbridge, Kent.
*************
RICHARD FITZ GILBERT died about 1090, and was buried at St. Neots, Huntingdonshire. His widow, Rohese, was still living in 1113, when she granted the whole of her manor of Eynesbury, Huntingdonshire to St. Neot's Priory, Huntingdonshire.

Children of Richard Fitz Gilbert, by Rohese Giffard:
i. GILBERT FITZ RICHARD [see next].
ii. ROBERT FITZ RICHARD, of Little Dunmow, Essex, married MAUD DE SENLIS [see FITZ WALTER 4]
iii. ROHESE (or ROSE) FITZ RICHARD, married EUDES THE STEWARD (or EUDES FITZ HUB) of Colchester, Essex [see SAY 2].
iv. AVICE FITZ RICHARD, married RAOUL [I] DE FOUGÈRES, seigneur of Fougères [see FOUGÈRES 2].” 		Giffard, Rohese (I25355)
 
6805 Röhr, Johann Friedrich
* Rossbach b. Naumburg 30.07.1777 (20.07.1777), † Weimar 15.06.1848 (70 J, 10 M, exhaustion), b St. Peter u.
Paul Weimar 18.06.1848
V: Gottfried R., master tailor, village tailor u. Farmer; M: Eva Maria Schmeisser, Altflemmingen
Pforta 04.05.1790 - 17.03.1796; University of Leipzig 1796; Ex. Per cand. Dresden 1800; Dr. theol., D. Dr.
ord.
1801 - 1802 Hpr. St. Pauli (University Church) Leipzig, 1802 - 1804 Col. Pforta, 1804 - 1820 Pf. Ostrau b. Zeitz,
1820 (01.10.) - 1848 Opf., Ohofpr., OKonsR., KR u. 1840 GenSup. St. Jakob Weimar
H I Kleinjena 20.08.1804 Marie Friederike Trömer, Merseburg, v 02.08.1805
To. v. Johann T., Seiler

H II 22.04.1806 Sophie Carolina Auguste Erdmann, * Mausitz (Großdalzig) 19.09.1786, v Leipzig 07.06. 1838
(52 y., Liver disease), b Inheritance Peschkau St. Peter u. Paul 09.06.1838, To. v. Christian Friedrich E.,
Schkeuditz, u. Susanne Ernestine Sophie Haun, Gotha

H III Hildburghausen (between 30.04 and 15.05.1839) Sophia Auguste Schiebe (Schiek), 28.01.1876, widow d. N. N.
Sickler, cons. Hildburghausen

8 children (3 p., 5 d.) Marriage II
T. Charlotte Luise, * Ostrava b. Zeitz 07.02.1807, H Christian Friedrich Rinaldo Buhler, Sup. Allstedt
T. Antonie Therese, * Ostrava b. Zeitz 14.03.1808
T. Caroline Ferdinande, * Ostrava b. Zeitz 07.01.1810
T. Friederike Philippine, * Ostrava b. Zeitz 19.10.1811
S. Franz Eugen, * Ostrava b. Zeitz 31.08.1813
S. Robert Hugo, * Ostrava b. Zeitz 18.04.1815, early v
T. (Jg.) Bertha Celestine (Celestine), * Ostrava b. Zeitz 11.05.1816 (12.05.1816), H Weimar 07.01.1840 Johann
Michael TheodorThieme, * Reisdorf 04.07.1806, Pf. Weimar, 1839 - 1866 Pf. Stadtsulza, So. Michael T.,
Court sweetheart Reisdorf
S. Friedrich Richard, * Ostrava b. Time 17.02.1818
S. Hermann Rudolph, * Weimar 30.07.1821, ~ St. Jakob Weimar 09.08.1821
S. Georg Friedrich, * Weimar 06.09.1826, ~ St. Jakob Weimar 15.09.1826
Note: 1837 vice-president Landeskonsistorium Weimar. Spoke on 26.03.1832 Mourning words b. Goethe
Funeral. Author: "Letters on Rationalism", 1813; "Preacher's Literature", 1810 - 1814; "New and new
Preaching Literature ", 1815 - 1819; "Critical Preacher Library", 1820 - 1848; Homily at the Reformation Festival
1838 in the main u. City Church of Weimar; Komthur of the white hawk. House Order 2; left 1
Stepdaughter (nee Sickler). 		Röhr, Johann Friedrich (I29147)
 
6806 roi des Francs en Toxandrie, Chef des Francs 376-396 de Toxandria, Priaros (I33972)
 
6807 Rollo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Duke of Normandy
Count of Rouen
Reign 911–927
Predecessor None
Successor William Longsword
Born c. 846
Died c. 930
Normandy
Burial Rouen Cathedral
Spouse Poppa of Bayeux
Gisela of France (intended, but unconfirmed)
Issue
more William Longsword
Gerloc
House House of Normandy
Religion Norse Paganism
later Roman Catholicism

Rollo (Norman: Rou; Old Norse: Hrólfr; French: Rollon; c. 846 – c. 930 AD) was a Viking who became the first ruler of Normandy, a region of France. He is sometimes called the 1st Duke of Normandy. Rollo emerged as the outstanding personality among the Norsemen who had secured a permanent foothold on Frankish soil in the valley of the lower Seine. Charles the Simple, the king of West Francia, ceded them lands between the mouth of the Seine and what is now the city of Rouen in exchange for Rollo agreeing to end his brigandage, and provide the Franks with protection against future Viking raids.

Rollo is first recorded as the leader of these Viking settlers in a charter of 918, and he continued to reign over the region of Normandy until at least 928. He was succeeded by his son, William Longsword in the Duchy of Normandy that he had founded. The offspring of Rollo and his followers became known as the Normans. After the Norman conquest of England and their conquest of southern Italy and Sicily over the following two centuries, their descendants came to rule Norman England (the House of Normandy), the Kingdom of Sicily (the Kings of Sicily) as well as the Principality of Antioch from the 10th to 12th century, leaving behind an enduring legacy in the historical developments of Europe and the Near East.

Name

The name Rollo is generally presumed to be a latinisation of the Old Norse name Hrólfr – a theory that is supported by the rendition of Hrólfr as Roluo in the Gesta Danorum. It is also sometimes suggested that Rollo may be a latinised version of another Norse name, Hrollaugr.

Rollo is generally identified with one Viking in particular – a man of high social status mentioned in Icelandic sagas, which refer to him by the Old Norse name Göngu-Hrólfr, meaning "Hrólfr the Walker". (Göngu-Hrólfr is also widely known by an Old Danish variant, Ganger-Hrolf.) The byname "Walker" is usually understood to suggest that Rollo was so physically imposing that he could not be carried by a horse and was obliged to travel on foot. Norman and other French sources do not use the name Hrólfr and the identification of Rollo with Göngu-Hrólfr is based upon similarities between circumstances and actions ascribed to both figures.

The 10th century Norman historian Dudo records that Rollo took the baptismal name Robert. A variant spelling, Roul, is used in the 12th-century Norman French Roman de la Rou, which was compiled by Wace and commissioned by King Henry II of England (a descendant of Rollo).

Origins & historiography

Rollo was born in the latter half of the 9th century; his place of birth is unknown.

The earliest well-attested historical event associated with Rollo is his leadership of Vikings who besieged Paris in 885–886.

Perhaps the earliest known source to mention Rollo's early life is the French chronicler Richer of Reims, who claims (in the 10th Century) that Rollo was the son of a Viking named Ketill. In terms of onomastics, it is interesting that Richer also names – without explicitly linking him to Rollo – a man named Ketill as being the leader of subsequent Viking raids (in 888), against areas on the coast of West Francia, between the Seine and the Loire.

Medieval sources contradict each other regarding whether Rollo's family was Norwegian or Danish in origin. In part, this disparity may result from the indifferent and interchangeable usage in Europe, at the time, of terms such as "Vikings", "Northmen", "Danes", "Norwegians" and so on (in the Medieval Latin texts Dani vel Nortmanni means "Danes or Northmen").

A biography of Rollo, written by the cleric Dudo of Saint-Quentin in the late 10th Century, claimed that Rollo was from Denmark. One of Rollo's great-grandsons and a contemporary of Dudo was known as Robert the Dane. However, Dudo's Historia Normannorum (or Libri III de moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum) was commissioned by Rollo's grandson, Richard I of Normandy and – while Dudo likely had access to family members and/or other people with a living memory of Rollo – this fact must be weighed against the text's potential biases, as an official biography. According to Dudo, an unnamed king of Denmark was antagonistic to Rollo's family, including his father – an unnamed Danish nobleman – and Rollo's brother Gurim. Following the death of Rollo and Gurim's father, Gurim was killed and Rollo was forced to leave Denmark. Dudo appears to have been the main source for William of Jumièges (after 1066) and Orderic Vitalis (early 12th century), although both include additional details.

A Norwegian background for Rollo was first explicitly claimed by Goffredo Malaterra (Geoffrey Malaterra), an 11th-century Benedictine monk and historian, who wrote: "Rollo sailed boldly from Norway with his fleet to the Christian coast." Likewise, the 12th-century English historian William of Malmesbury stated that Rollo was "born of noble lineage among the Norwegians".

A chronicler named Benoît (probably Benoît de Sainte-More) wrote in the mid-12th Century Chronique des ducs de Normandie that Rollo had been born in a town named "Fasge". This has since been variously interpreted as referring to Faxe, in Sjælland (Denmark), Fauske, in Hålogaland (Norway), or perhaps a more obscure settlement that has since been abandoned or renamed. Benoît also repeated the claim that Rollo had been persecuted by a local ruler and had fled from there to "Scanza island", by which Benoît probably means Scania (Swedish Skåne). While Faxe was physically much closer to Scania, the mountainous scenery of "Fasge", described by Benoît, would seem to be more like Fauske.

The claim that Rollo was the brother of a King of Norway, Harald Finehair was made by an anonymous 12th-century Welsh author, in The Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan.

Rollo was first explicitly identified with Hrólf the Walker (Norse Göngu-Hrólfr; Danish Ganger-Hrólf) by the 13th-century Icelandic sagas, Heimskringla and Orkneyinga Saga. Hrólf the Walker was so named because he "was so big that no horse could carry him". The Icelandic sources claim that Hrólfr was born in Møre, western Norway, in the late 9th century and that his parents were the Norwegian jarl Rognvald Eysteinsson ("Rognvald the Wise") and a noblewoman from Møre named Hildr Hrólfsdóttir. However, these claims were made three centuries after the history commissioned by Rollo's own grandson.

There may be circumstantial evidence for kinship between Rollo and his historical contemporary, Ketill Flatnose, King of the Isles – a Norse realm centred on the Western Isles of Scotland. If, as Richer suggested, Rollo's father was also named Ketill and as Dudo suggested, Rollo had a brother named Gurim, such names are onomastic evidence for a family connection: Icelandic sources name Ketill Flatnose's father as Björn Grímsson, and "Grim" – the implied name of Ketill Flatnose's paternal grandfather – was likely cognate with Gurim. In addition, both Irish and Icelandic sources suggest that Rollo, as a young man, visited or lived in Scotland, where he had a daughter named Cadlinar (Kaðlín; Kathleen). Moreover, Ketill Flatnose's ancestors were said to have come from Møre – Rollo's ancestral home in the Icelandic sources. However, Ketill was a common name in Norse societies, as were names like Gurim and Grim. It is also possible that the later sources were attempting to suggest an otherwise undocumented link between the historical figures of Rollo and Ketill Flatnose, by way of little-known, possibly apocryphal figures like Grim, Gurim and the Ketill said to be Rollo's father.
Biography

Statue of Rollo in Rouen. There are two bronze replicas of this statue: one at Ålesund (Norway) and the other one at Fargo, North Dakota (United States)
Dudo tells us that Rollo seized Rouen in 876. He is supported by the contemporary chronicler Flodoard, who records that Robert of the Breton March waged a campaign against the Vikings, who nearly levelled Rouen and other settlements; eventually, he conceded "certain coastal provinces" to them.

According to Dudo, Rollo struck up a friendship in England with a king that Dudo calls Alstem. This has puzzled many historians, but recently the puzzle has been resolved by recognition that this refers to Guthrum, the Danish leader whom Alfred the Great baptised with the baptismal name Athelstan, and then recognised as king of the East Angles in 880.[16]

Dudo records that when Rollo took Bayeux by force, he carried off with him the beautiful Popa or Poppa, a daughter of Berenger, Count of Rennes, took her in marriage and with her had their son and Rollo's heir, William Longsword.[17]

Rollo's grave at the Cathedral of Rouen
There are few contemporary mentions of Rollo. The earliest record is from 918, in a charter of Charles III to an abbey, which referred to an earlier grant to "the Normans of the Seine", namely "Rollo and his associates" for "the protection of the kingdom." [18] Dudo retrospectively stated that this pact took place in 911 at Saint-Clair-sur-Epte. In return for formal recognition of the lands he possessed, Rollo agreed to be baptised and assist the king in the defence of the realm. Rollo took the baptismal name Robert. The seal of agreement was to be marriage between Rollo and Gisla, daughter of Charles. Dudo claims that Gisla was a legitimate daughter of Charles.[19] Since Charles first married in 907, that would mean that Gisla was at most 5 years old at the time of the treaty of 911 which offered her in marriage.[20] It has therefore been speculated that she could have been an illegitimate daughter.[21] However a diplomatic child betrothal need not be doubted.[22]

After pledging his fealty to Charles III as part of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, Rollo divided the lands between the rivers Epte and Risle among his chieftains, and settled with a de facto capital in Rouen.[23]

Charles was overthrown by a revolt in 923, and his successor, Robert of Neustria, was killed by the Vikings in 923. His successor, Ralph, conceded the Bessin and Maine to Rollo shortly afterwards, the chronicler Flodoard tells us.[24]

Rollo died sometime between a final mention of him by Flodoard in 928, and 933, the year in which a third grant of land, usually identified as being the Cotentin and Avranchin areas, was made to his son and successor William.[25]

Descendants

A genealogical chart of the Norman dynasty
Rollo's son and heir, William Longsword, and grandchild, Richard the Fearless, forged the Duchy of Normandy into West Francia's most cohesive and formidable principality.[26] The descendants of Rollo and his men assimilated with their maternal Frankish-Catholic culture and became known as the Normans, lending their name to the region of Normandy.

Rollo is the great-great-great-grandfather of William the Conqueror, or William I of England. Through William, he is one of the ancestors of the present-day British royal family, as well as an ancestor of all current European monarchs and a great many claimants to abolished European thrones.

One daughter of Rollo, Gerloc (also known as Adele), who married William III, Duke of Aquitaine, was mentioned by Dudo. According to William of Jumièges, writing in the latter-half of the 11th century, Gerloc's mother was named Poppa.[27]

According to the medieval Irish text An Banshenchas and Icelandic sources, another daughter, Cadlinar (Kaðlín; Kathleen) was born in Scotland (probably to a Scots mother) and married an Irish prince named Beollán mac Ciarmaic, later King of South Brega (Lagore). A daughter of Cadlinar and Beollán named Nithbeorg was abducted by an Icelandic Viking named Helgi Ottarsson,[28][29] and became the mother of the poet Einarr Helgason and grandmother of Guðrún Ósvífrsdóttir (protagonist of the Laxdœla saga).

A genetic investigation into the remains of Rollo's grandson, Richard the Fearless, and his great-grandson, Richard the Good, was announced in 2011 with the intention of discerning the origins of the historic Viking leader.[30] On February 29, 2016, Norwegian researchers opened Richard the Good's tomb and found his lower jaw with eight teeth in it.[31] Unfortunately, the skeletal remains in both graves turned out to significantly predate Rollo and therefore are not related to him.[32]

Depictions in fiction

Rollo is the subject of the seventeenth-century play Rollo Duke of Normandy written by John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, Ben Jonson, and George Chapman.

A character, broadly inspired by the historical Rollo but including many events before the real Rollo was born, played by Clive Standen, is Ragnar Lothbrok's brother in the History Channel television series Vikings.[33]

Rollo (c. 846 – c. 932), baptised Robert and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was a Norse Viking who was founder and first ruler of the Viking principality which soon became known as Normandy. His descendants were the Dukes of Normandy, and following the Norman conquest of England in 1066, kings of England.

The name "Rollo" is a Latin translation from the Old Norse name Hrólfr, modern Icelandic name Hrólfur and Scandinavian name Rolf (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum), but Norman people called him by his popular name Rou(f) (see Wace's Roman de Rou). Sometimes his name is turned into the Frankish name Rodolf(us) or Radulf(us) or the French Raoul, that are derived from it.

Started in the late 9th century, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the earliest record of Rollo. However, it does not mention his origins.

A.D. 876. This year Rolla penetrated Normandy with his army; and he reigned fifty winters.
Rollo was a powerful Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of Saint-Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum, tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who had two sons, Gurim and Rollo; upon his death, Rollo was expelled and Gurim killed. Dudo's chronicle, commissioned for Richard I, was finished, sometime after 1015, for Richard II, whose sister, Emma, married the Danish King Cnut, in 1017. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his continuation of Dudo's work, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, but states that he came from the Danish town of Fakse.

Norwegian and Icelandic historians, basing their research on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas, identified Rollo instead with Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker), a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson (fl. 865), Earl of Møre in Western Norway. The Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century, offers the oldest source of this version. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair (c. 850 – c. 932, reigned c. 872 – 930), and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname "the Walker", "Ganger" in Norse, came from being so big that no horse could carry him.

Geoffrey of Malaterra, in his The Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria & Sicily & of Duke Robert Guiscard his brother claims Rollo "sailed boldly from Norway".

The question of Rollo's origins became a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's millennium anniversary in 1911. Today, the debate continues.

The Yngling "Fairhair dynasty" lineage introduced in Hversu Noregr byggðist ("How Norway was settled") and the Orkneyinga and Heimskringla sagas suggests a line of Rollo going back to Fornjót, the primeval "king" who "reigned over" Finland and Kvenland. The claimed line leading to Rollo includes Rognvald Eysteinsson, the founder of the Earldom of Orkney.

In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy. In 911 the Vikings under Rollo again launched an attack on Paris before laying siege to Chartres. The Bishop of Chartres, Joseaume, made an appeal for help which was answered by Robert, Marquis of Neustria, Richard, Duke of Burgundy and Manasses, Count of Dijon. On 20 July 911, at the Battle of Chartres, Frankish forces defeated Rollo despite the absence of many French barons and also the absence of the French King Charles the Simple.

In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert. In return, King Charles granted Rollo land between the Epte and the sea as well as parts of Brittany and according to Dudo of St. Quentin, the hand of the King's daughter, Gisela, although this marriage and Gisela herself are unknown to Frankish sources. He was also the titular ruler of Normandy, centered around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charles.

According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing the king to fall to the ground.

After 911, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte. However, he also continued attacks on Flanders.

After Charles was deposed by Robert I in 922, Rollo considered his oath to the King of France at an end. It started a period of expansion westwards. Negotiations with French barons ended with Rollo being given Le Mans and Bayeux and continued with the seizure of Bessin in 924. The following year the Normans attacked Picardy.

Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. Over time, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled into French Catholic culture as Normans.

Two spouses are reported for Rollo:

1. Poppa, said by chronicler Dudo of Saint-Quentin to have been a daughter of Count Berenger, captured during a raid at Bayeux. She was his concubine or wife, perhaps by more danico. They had issue:
William Longsword, born "overseas".
Gerloc, wife of William III, Duke of Aquitaine. Dudo fails to identify her mother, but later chronicler William of Jumieges makes this explicit.
(perhaps) Kadlin, said by Ari the Historian to have been daughter of Ganger Hrolf, traditionally identified with Rollo. She married a Scottish King called Bjolan, and had at least a daughter called Midbjorg, she was taken captive by and married Helgi Ottarson.

2. (traditionally) Gisela of France (d. 919), the daughter of Charles III of France

Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his prior religious roots surfaced at the end.

Rollo is the great-great-great-grandfather of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is an ancestor of the present-day British royal family, as well as an ancestor of all current European monarchs and a great many pretenders to abolished European thrones. A genetic investigation into the remains of Rollo's grandson Richard I and great-grandson Richard II has been announced, with the intention of discerning the origins of the famous Viking warrior.

The "Clameur de Haro" in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.

Parents of Rollo (not Duc, not King )

[Sure, he has parents but WE DO NOT know who they were at this time. The first information tells us he is from Denmark and has Danish parents. Later we have a source that he is from Norway and had Norwegian parents. Most is speaking for Denmark.

His army consisted mostly of Danes.

Some of his descendants are called 'Danes' but never Norwegians.]

Theoretically Danish - Swedish - Norwegan people carry the same DNA and have had tribal migration patters over thousands of years.

______________________________________________

Rollo of Normandy (circa 860 - circa 932) was a Viking, who became ruler of Normandy was born in (Scandinavia) and died circa 932 in France of unspecified causes. He married Poppa de Bayeux (c 870-c 910) .

Contents:

Rollo of Normandy was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy in modern-day western France.

Disputed origins:

The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.

Danish theory

Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.

Norwegian theory

Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him.

Names and major achievements:

Also known as Hrolf the Ganger or Rollon, 1st Duke of Normandy, from 911 to 927, called also Rolf the Walker, because, being so tall, he preferred to go afoot rather than ride the little horses. Also shown as Rollon, Row, or Robert. Originally a Norse Viking, he was noted for strength and martial prowess. In the reign of Charles II the Bald, he sailed up the Seine River and took Rouen, which he kept as a base of operations. He gained a number of victories over the Franks, and extorted the cession of the province since called Normandy. By the famous treaty which Charles the Bald and Rollo signed the latter agreed to adopt Christianity.

Biography details:

885 Siege of Paris

In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.

911 Invasion of Western France

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.

In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple.[1] In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert.[2] In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.

Settlement of Normandy:

Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River.

Death of Rollo:

Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.

.Rollo Son of Rognvald

*His army consisted mostly of Danes.
Some of his descendants are called 'Danes'
_________________________
Rollo of Normandy (circa 860 - circa 932) was a Viking, who became ruler of Normandy was born in (Scandinavia) and died circa 932 in France of unspecified causes. He married Poppa de Bayeux (c 870-c 910) .

Contents:
Rollo of Normandy was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy in modern-day western France.

Disputed origins:
The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.

Danish theory
Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga.

Norwegian theory
Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him.

Major achievements:
In the reign of Charles II the Bald, Rollo sailed up the Seine River and took Rouen, which he kept as a base of operations. He gained a number of victories over the Franks, and extorted the cession of the province since called Normandy. By the famous treaty which Charles the Bald and Rollo signed the latter agreed to adopt Christianity.

Biography details:
885 Siege of Paris
In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy.

911 Invasion of Western France
Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy.
In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple.[1] In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, and converted to Christianity, probably taking the baptismal name Robert.[2] In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centered around the city of Rouen.

There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.

Settlement of Normandy:
Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River.

Death of Rollo:
Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.

Residence at Falaise:
In Falaise, France, is a series of statues that pays tribute to the six Norman Dukes from Rollo to William the Conqueror. The castle here was the principal residence of the Norman Knights.

Children
Offspring of Rollo of Normandy and Poppa van Bayeux (c870-c910)
Name Birth Death Joined with
William Longsword, (893-942) 893 17 December 942 Sprota

Gerloc de Normandie (c912-962) 912 14 October 962 William III of Aquitaine (c900-963)

Dudo ii, 16 (p. 39) makes Poppa the mother of William, but does not give the mother of Gerloc/Adele. Guillaume de Jumièges (GND ii, 6 (v. 1, pp. 64-5)) makes Poppa the mother of both Guillaume and Gerloc. 		Rognvaldsson, Earl Rollo (I25715)
 
6808 Roman statesman, consul, orator and historian of the Rutilius family.
Publius Rutilius Rufus (158 BC – after 78 BC) was a Roman statesman, soldier, orator and historian of the Rutilia gens, as well as a great-uncle of Gaius Julius Caesar (through his sister Rutilia, Caesar’s maternal grandmother). He achieved the highest political office in the Roman Republic when he was elected consul for 105 BC.
During his consulship, he reformed the drill system and improved army discipline. As legate to Quintus Mucius Scaevola, he attempted to protect the inhabitants of Asia from extortion by the equites, which provoked them to raise the accusation of extortion from those provincials. The charge was false, but as the juries were chosen from the equestrian order, he was condemned. He was exiled and went to Smyrna, where he wrote a history of Rome in Greek.
Publius Rutilius Rufus
Consul of the Roman Republic
In office
105 BC – 105 BC
Serving with Gnaeus Mallius Maximus
Personal details Born 158 BC
Died after 78 BC Smyrna
Nationality Ancient Roman

Contents
Early life
Military career and consulship Exile and later life
Family
In fiction
References

Early life

He was the third child of a Publius Rutilius, the other children being called Lucius and Rutilia (mother of Gaius Aurelius Cotta). Rufus studied philosophy under Panaetius (becoming a Stoic), law, public speaking under Sulpicius Galba,[1] and Greek.
Military career and consulship
He started his military career in 134 BC, as a member of the staff of Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus during the Numantine War. While in Spain he must have come into contact with Gaius Marius and Jugurtha who also served under Scipio. He probably saw action during the Siege of Numantia.

In 115 BC Rufus campaigned to get elected consul. He was defeated for the consulship by Marcus Aemilius Scaurus. After the elections he prosecuted Scaurus for ambitus. Scaurus in turn prosecuted Rufus for the same charge. Both failed.
Rufus was a legate of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus in the campaign against Jugurtha of 109 BC, along with Gaius Marius. [1] He distinguished himself in the Battle of the Muthul, where he faced a charge by Bomilcar and managed to capture or maim most of the Numidian war elephants.
In 105 BC he was elected to the consulship[2] as a senior partner of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus. During his time as consul, Rome was faced with the crisis of potential invasion by the migrating Cimbri and Teutons, who had reached the province of Transalpine Gaul: as the senior consul, and moreover the one with a distinguished military record, one would have expected Rutilius to be the one who led the Roman army north to confront the Germanic tribes. However, for whatever reason, this duty was handed to his junior partner, with disastrous consequences as Mallius and the proconsular governor Servilius Caepio proved unable or unwilling to cooperate, resulting in a shattering defeat at the Battle of Arausio, while Rutilius himself remained in Rome. His main achievements concerned the discipline of the army and the introduction of an improved system of drill. Subsequently, he served as legate to Quintus Mucius Scaevola, governor of Asia.[1]
Exile and later life
By assisting his superior in his efforts to protect the inhabitants of Asia from the extortions of the publicani, or tax farmers, Rufus incurred the hatred of the equestrian order, to which the publicani belonged. In 92 BC he was charged with extorting money from the provincials, although he had made efforts to prevent them from being extorted. The charge was widely known to be false, but as the juries at that time were chosen from the equestrian order, he was condemned, as the order bore a grudge against him. The famous Roman gourmand Apicius had a hand in his demise. His property was confiscated to satisfy claims for compensation.[3] He retired to Mytilene, and afterwards to Smyrna, where he spent the rest of his life (possibly as an act of defiance against his prosecutors: he was welcomed with honour into the very city for which he was prosecuted as allegedly looting), and where Cicero visited him as late as the year 78 BC. Although invited by Lucius Cornelius Sulla to return to Rome, Rufus refused to do so. It was during his stay at Smyrna that he wrote his autobiography and a history of Rome in Greek, part of which is known to have been devoted to the Numantine War.[1] He possessed a thorough knowledge of law, and wrote treatises on that subject, some fragments of which are quoted in the Digests. He was also well acquainted with Greek literature.
Family
Rufus was married to a Livia, the sister of Marcus Livius Drusus.[4] Their son may have been Publius Rutilius Nudus.[5]
In fiction
In Steven Saylor's novel Wrath of the Furies, Publius Rutilius Rufus features as one of the secondary characters.

In Colleen McCullough's novel The First Man in Rome (the first book in her Masters of Rome series) Publius Rutilius Rufus features as one of the secondary characters. 		Publius Rutilius Rufus I (I34061)
 
6809 Romanus II, Emperor of Constantinople was the son of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, Emperor of Constantinople.1
He married, firstly, Bertha of Italy, daughter of Hugh d'Arles, King of Italy.2
He married, secondly, Theophano (?) circa 956.2 He died on 15 March 963.1,2

He held the office of Co-regent of Constantinople in 945.1 He succeeded as the Emperor Romanus II of Constantinople in 959.1
Children of Romanus II, Emperor of Constantinople and Theophano (?)
Basil II Bulgaroctonus, Emperor of Constantinople+1 d. 1025
Constantine VIII, Emperor of Constantinople+1 d. 1028
Anna (?)+3
Citations
[S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 52. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.
[S130] Wikipedia, online http;//www.wikipedia.org. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia.

Romanos II was a son of Emperor Constantine VII and Helena Lekapene, the daughter of Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos and his wife Theodora.[1] Named after his maternal grandfather, Romanos was married, as a child, to Bertha, the illegitimate daughter of Hugh of Arles, King of Italy to bond an alliance. She had changed her name to Eudokia after their marriage, but died an early death in 949 before producing an heir, thus never becoming a real marriage, and dissolving the alliance.[2] On January 27, 945, Constantine VII succeeded in removing his brothers-in-law, the sons of Romanos I, assuming the throne alone. On April 6, 945, Constantine crowned his son Romanos co-emperor. With Hugh out of power in Italy and dead by 947, Romanos secured the promise from his father that he would be allowed to select his own bride. Romanos chose an innkeeper's daughter named Anastaso, whom he married in 956 and renamed Theophano.

In November 959, Romanos II succeeded his father on the throne amidst rumors that he or his wife had poisoned him.[3] Romanos purged his father's courtiers of his enemies and replaced them with friends. To appease his bespelling wife, he excused his mother, Empress Helena, from court and forced his five sisters into convents. Nevertheless, many of Romanos' appointees were able men, including his chief adviser, the eunuch Joseph Bringas.

The pleasure-loving sovereign could also leave military matters in the adept hands of his generals, in particular the brothers Leo and Nikephoros Phokas. In 960 Nikephoros Phokas was sent with a fleet of 1,000 dromons, 2,000 chelandia, and 308 transports (the entire fleet was manned by 27,000 oarsmen and marines) carrying 50,000 men to recover Crete from the Muslims.[4] After a difficult campaign and nine-month Siege of Chandax, Nikephoros successfully re-established Byzantine control over the entire island in 961. Following a triumph celebrated at Constantinople, Nikephoros was sent to the eastern frontier, where the Emir of Aleppo Sayf al-Dawla was engaged in annual raids into Byzantine Anatolia. Nikephoros liberated Cilicia and even Aleppo in 962, sacking the palace of the Emir and taking possession of 390,000 silver dinars, 2,000 camels, and 1,400 mules. In the meantime Leo Phokas and Marianos Argyros had countered Magyar incursions into the Byzantine Balkans.

Death of Romanos II

After a lengthy hunting expedition Romanos II took ill and died on March 15, 963. Rumor attributed his death to poison administered by his wife Theophano, but there is no evidence of this, and Theophano would have been risking much by exchanging the secure status of a crowned Augusta with the precarious one of a widowed Regent of her very young children. Romanos II's reliance on his wife and on bureaucrats like Joseph Bringas had resulted in a relatively capable administration, but this built up resentment among the nobility, which was associated with the military. In the wake of Romanos' death, his Empress Dowager, now Regent to the two co-emperors, her underage sons, was quick to marry the general Nikephoros Phokas and to acquire another general, John Tzimiskes, as her lover, having them both elevated to the imperial throne in succession. The rights of her sons were safeguarded, however, and eventually, when Tzimiskes died at war, her eldest son Basil II became senior emperor 		Macedonicos, Emperor Romanos II (I34414)
 
6810 Ronald "Bruce" Stegner 10/02/1943 04/24/2019 Celebration of Life, Sun., April 28th, 2-4 P.M. Burial, Mon., April 29th, 1 P.M. at Floral Hills Funeral Home and Cemetery, KCMO. Stegner, Ronald Bruce (I635)
 
6811 Ronald Friedrich “Ronnie” Thoma, age 51, of Jefferson City, Mo. passed away Sunday, September 12, 2021 at Jefferson City Manor following a hospital stay at SSM Health St. Mary’s Hospital.

Ronnie was born on February 1, 1970 in Palmerton, Pa., the son of Ronald Edward and Ellen Hoffman (Roeder) Thoma.

After moving to Jefferson City in 1970 with his family, Ronnie attended Goshorn School for the Handicapped, which is now called The Special Learning Center. He was a 1991 graduate of the Missouri School for the Blind in St. Louis, Mo.

Following graduation, Ronnie started his career at the Sheltered Workshop, now called Capitol Projects, in Jefferson City while residing at one of the Cole County Residential Service Group Homes. Ron enjoyed working with his hands either at Capitol Projects or stringing beads at home. He cherished the friendships he made at work and home.

Ronnie was a member of the Boy Scouts and was able to become an Eagle Scout through hard work. He was a member of the First Baptist Church in Jefferson City and enjoyed being a participant in the Special Olympics.

Ron relished the time he spent with his family and friends and he will be remembered for his great sense of humor. He was always teasing family and friends to see them smile. He enjoyed listening and dancing to music at the group home, especially rock and roll. When he was younger, he attended Camp Sunshine and in recent years, he always looked forward to Camp Wonderland during the summers where he swam and spent time with friends. He never met a stranger and whenever he met someone, he always remembered their voice and name.

Survivors include: his parents, Ronald and Ellen Thoma of Jefferson City, Mo.; two sisters, Sue Ellen Beek (husband Ashtyn) of Marshalltown, Ia. and Michelle Thoma of Elysburg, Pa.; maternal grandmother, Edith M. Roeder of Allentown, Pa.; nieces, Adele and Lydia Beek; uncles, Gary Thoma (wife Sharon) of Boonville, Mo., Jon Thoma (wife Barb) of Boonville, Mo., Jim Thoma (wife Linda) of Kingsport, Tn., Robert Thoma (wife Barbara) of Boonville, Mo., Sam Roeder of Huntingdon Valley, Pa. and Dave Roeder (wife Linda) of Batavia, Oh; and many cousins and extended family.

He was preceded in death by his maternal grandfather, Samuel Roeder; his paternal grandparents, Lawrence and May Pearl Thoma; and aunt, Cathryn Roeder Miller.

Visitation will be held at Freeman Mortuary from 2:00 p.m. until 3:00 p.m. Saturday, September 18, 2021 with a Celebration of Ronnie’s Life following at 3:00 p.m. in the Freeman Chapel.

A webcast of Ronnie's service will begin at 3:00 p.m. Saturday for friends who are not able to attend. The webcast link can be accessed by clicking the "photos and videos" tab of this page and scrolling down to the webcasting link.

In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions are suggested to Capitol Projects or Camp Wonderland.

Funeral arrangements are under the care of Freeman Mortuary. 		Thoma, Ronald Friedrich (I18008)
 
6812 Rooming House at Park and Missouri Hanna, Myron Dean Jr (I3006)
 
6813 Rorgon I or Rorico(n) I (also Rorgo or Rorich; died 16 June 839 or 840) was the first Count of Maine and progenitor of the Rorgonid dynasty, which is named for him. He was Count of Rennes from 819 and of Maine from 832 until his death.

He was a son of count Gauzlin I of Maine[1] and Adeltrude, both of whom are named as his parents in a charter of 839 by Rorgo I to the Abbey of Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil.[2] Between 819 and 832 Rorgon became count of Maine and at some point, possibly at the bidding of his wife Bilechilde who may have owned the property, undertook to restore the Abbey of Glanfeuil. An Abbot Ingelbert of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés allegedly assisted Rorgon and sent monks including Rorgon's brother Gausbert.[a][3] Gausbert (Gauzbert) was the name of an Abbot at St. Maur.[4]
Count Rorgon had been a retainer at the court of Charlemagne, with whose daughter Rotrude he had a sexual relationship.[5] The couple had at least one illegitimate child, Louis, Abbot of Saint-Denis, Saint-Riquier, and Saint-Wandrille,[5] who was also chancellor to his cousin Charles the Bald from 841.[4]

Rorgon became the second Count of Maine in 832 when his predecessor Banzleibs was made Margrave of the Saxons. He remained Count of Maine until his death in 840, at which time he was succeeded by his brother Gauzbert. His own son, Rorgon II, succeeded Gauzbert in 853 and upon his death in 865 his other son Gauzfrid became Count.
Marriage and issue[edit]

Rorgon married a lady named Bilechilde,[4] and had three sons and two daughters:
• Rorgon II of Maine[4]
• Gauzfrid of Neustria[4]
• Gauzlin, Bishop of Paris[4]
• Bilechilde, who married Bernard II, Count of Poitiers[4]
• Adaltrude, who married Ramulf, Count of Poitiers[4]
Rorgon and Rotrude had one illegitimate son—Louis, Abbot of Saint-Denis, Saint-Riquier, Saint-Wandrille, and Chancellor to King Charles the Bald. 		du Maine, Count Rorgon (I34356)
 
6814 At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. Rosburg, Eugene Allen "Gene" (I20170)
 
6815 Rosburg brings more than twenty years of experience with him to his role as Dean of Instructional Operations for the Trade and Technical Department at WITC Superior. He became Dean in 1997 and is thrilled to begin a new phase of his educational career.

Rosburg earned a diploma in Electro-Mechanical Drafting from Anoka Technical Education Center, Anoka, Minnesota, in 1972. He earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Industrial Education in 1979 and a Master of Science Degree in Vocational Education in 1986 from the University of Wisconsin-Stout.

His teaching career includes twenty years at WITC Superior as primary instructor and advisor for the Mechanical and Computer Drafting program. During this time, he also was an adult education instructor teaching Computer Aided Drafting and Woodworking.

His community involvement includes being a member of Superior's Parks and Recreation Committee and the Superior Rotary. He is also a Scoutmaster for the Boy Scouts of America.

Gene is very family oriented and loves to spend time with his wife, Kandee, and two children, Katee and Jeff. He enjoys many quiet sports, both on the water and in the woods. When not enjoying the outdoors, Gene can always find a project with the Scouts or around his home to work on. 		Boll, Michael (I27691)
 
6816 At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. Rosburg, Steven Earl (I4199)
 
6817 Rose married a Webb. They had no children. Thoma, Rose (I11258)
 
6818 Roselawn Farm Shannon, Gilbert (I1568)
 
6819 Rosemary M. Larm, 90, of Boonville passed away Friday morning May 27, 2022, at Katy Manor Nursing Home in Pilot Grove.

Visitation for Rosemary will be 9 to 11 A.M. Tuesday morning May 31 at S.S. Peter and Paul Catholic Church with a Rosary being recited at 9 A.M. Mass of Christian burial will follow the visitation at 11 A.M. Burial will be in St. Martins Catholic Cemetery in Martinsville.

Rosemary M. Larm was born March 18, 1932, in Boonville, MO., the daughter of George Lang and Minnie Vollmer Lang. She married Gerald C. Larm on October 6, 1953, at St. Martins Catholic Church in Martinsville. Rosemary loved the outdoors. She always had a big garden, beautiful flowers and lots of chickens. Many people enjoyed her farm fresh eggs. She was a devoted member of S.S. Peter and Paul Catholic Church. She learned to play the piano and organ at St Martin’s School as a young girl and was dedicated to being an organist at S.S. Peter and Paul all of her adult life. She found joy working with people for music at masses, funerals and weddings. She and Gerald volunteered to help with many things at church, especially peeling potatoes for the annual Turkey Dinner. She was also a member of the Knights of Columbus Ladies Auxiliary. She was employed as a nurse’s aide in her younger years, and was later employed at Boonville Public Schools in the lunchroom. Most of all she loved her family and enjoyed spending time with her kids and grandkids.

Rosemary is preceded in death by her parents, George and Minnie, husband Gerald, brothers, Leonard, Edward and John Lang, sister, Edith Grissum, son-in -law, Steve Moser and daughter-in-law, Nancy Larm. She is survived by her sons, Charles Larm and Daniel (Tina) Larm of Boonville and daughters, Judy Moser (Dale Dinwiddie) of Boonville and Linda (Randy) Steele of Glenn Carbon, IL., and Sister Lucy Lang of Independence, MO. Also surviving are her grandchildren, Stephen (Mary Helen) Moser, Jr., Jessica Leible, Marlana (Brett) Zank, Nathan (Breann) Larm, Joe and Danielle Steele, great-grandchildren, Robert Thull, Tony Moser, Ruthie Moser, Kylie Dickenson, Landon and Harper Zank. 		Lang, Rosemary (I746)
 
6820 Route 5 Newell, Christopher Columbus (I4503)
 
6821 Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson, Vol. 1 pg 38, 44-45, 229; Vol. 4 pg 48/346; Vol. 5 pg 309
Count of la Marche and Angouleme, seigneur of Lusignan, Chateau-Larcher, Montreuil-Bonnin, and la Morthe-Saint-Heray de Lusignan

In 1244 Hugues de Lusignan defected to King Louis VIII of France during the Capetian invasion of Poitou, with Louis promising Isabel 2000 lives Parisis annually in return for her dower lands forfeit in England, and the annual revenues of Langeais near Tours in exchange for rights that she claimed as dower at Saumur in Anjou. In 1230 they entered into alliance with King Louis IX of France, who granted Isabel an annual pension of 5000 livres Tours in return for resignation of her dower rights she claimed in England, Normandy and Anjou. IN 1242 she and her husband, Hugues, rebelled against the French. In return for a pardon from King Louis IX, thy were forced to relinquish the pensions paid to them since 1224 and to abandon their claim to Saintes. Isabel was subsequently implicated in a plot to poison King Louis IX and his brother, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers. Isabel, dowager Queen of England, Countess of La Marche and Angouleme, subsequently took refuge in Fontevrault Abbey, where she died. She was initially buried in the common graveyard of the Abbey, but at her son, King Henry III's request, her remains were moved in 1254 to the choir of the Abbey Church. Hugues X de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Angouleme, went on crusade to Holy Land in 1248. He was mortally wounded at the capture of Damietta.

==========
'Plantagenet Ancestry' by Douglas Richardson pg 749
Count of La Marche and Angouleme, seigneur of Lusignan, Chateau-Larcher, Montreuil-Bonnin and la Mothe-Saint-Heray de Lusignan.

It is unclear whether it was Hugh IX or Hugh X who was betrothed to Isabella of Angoulême when, in 1200, King John of England took her for his queen, an action which resulted in the entire de Lusignan family rebelling against the English king.

Following John's death, Isabella returned to France. By his marriage to Isabella in 1220, Hugh X also became Count of Angoulême, until her death in 1246. Together they founded the abbey of Valence.

==========
'Magna Carta Ancestry', by Douglas Richardson Pg 866

==========
Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
HUGUES [XI] "le Brun" de Lusignan ([before 1188]-Damietta 1249 after 15 Jan, bur Abbaye de Valence). "Hugo Brunus comes Marchie, dominus Lezignaci et Coiaci" renounced rights over income belonging to Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers, claimed by "avus meus…dominus Hugo de Lezigniaco" and with the consent of "filio meo Hugone Bruno quem tunc unicum habebam", by charter dated 23 Feb 1200[724]. "Hugo Brunus comes Marchie", on leaving for Jerusalem, recommended "R. comiti Augi et Hugoni filio meo" to take the abbey of Châtelliers under their protection by charter dated to [1200][725]. As noted above, the charter dated 29 Aug 1233 under which Mathilde, widow of Hugues [X] sold her rights for an annuity, strongly suggests that she was not the mother of Hugues [XI]. This appears corroborated by the absence of any papal dispensation for the marriage of Hugues [XI], which would have been required if he had been so closely related to his wife (it is even doubtful whether such a dispensation would have been granted for such a close relationship). It is likely that Hugues [XI] would have been at least a young adolescent when he consented to the charter dated 23 Feb 1200 which is quoted above. "Hugo Bruni dominus Lezigniaci et comes Marchie", on leaving on crusade, and "Hugo de Lezigniaco filius suus" donated half "molendino de Pooillet" to Saint-Maixent by charter dated 27 Jun 1218[726]. He succeeded his father in 1219 as Seigneur de Lusignan, Comte de la Marche. He succeeded in 1220 as Comte d'Angoulême, by right of his wife. Seigneur de Château-Larcher 1223. Louis VIII King of France noted that “Hugo de Lizegnano, comes Marchie” held “Mausiacum pro dotalitio Agathe neptis sue” by charter dated Aug 1224[727]. "Ugo de Leziniaco comes Marchiæ et Engolismæ et Ysabella uxor sua…regina Angliæ comitissa Marchiæ et Engolismæ" reached agreement with Saint-Amant-de-Boixe recorded in a charter dated 1225[728]. Seigneur de Montreuil-Bonnin et de la Mothe-Saint-Héray 1229. “Hugo de Lezigniaco comes Marchie et Engolismi et Y…regina Anglie…comitissa” recorded their peace agreement with Louis IX King of France by charter dated [1] Aug 1242 which names “filii nostri…Hugo Brunus, Guido et Gaufridus de Lezigniaco milites”[729]. "Hugo de Lezigniaco comes Marchie" confirmed donations to the abbey of Châtelliers made by "antecessorum meorum…Hugonis de Lezigniaco proavi mei et Hugonis Bruni comitis Marchie patris mei" by charter dated 22 Jul 1248[730]. The testament of "Hugo de Lezignen comes Marchie", dated 8 Aug 1248, appoints as his heirs "Hugonem Brunum comitem Angolisme, Guidonem, Gaufridum, Willelmum de Vallencia, milites, et Ademarum, clericum, filios meos" and names "Ysabelli quondam uxore mea"[731]. Matthew Paris records the death of "Hugo cognomento Brun comes de Marchia" in 1249 at Damietta[732].

==========
Hugh X de Lusignan, Hugh V of La Marche or Hugh I of Angoulême (c. 1183 – c. 5 June 1249, Angoulême) succeeded his father Hugh IX as Seigneur de Lusignan and Count of La Marche in November 1219 and was Count of Angoulême by marriage.
His father, Hugh IX de Lusignan was betrothed to marry 12-year-old Isabel of Angoulême in 1200, when King John of England took her for his Queen, an action which resulted in the entire de Lusignan family rebelling against the English king. Following John's death, Queen Isabella returned to her native France, where she married Hugh X de Lusignan on 10 May 1220.

By Hugh's marriage to Isabella, he became Count of Angoulême until her death in 1246. Together they founded the abbey of Valence. They had nine children:
1. Hugh XI de Lusignan, seigneur of Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême (1221–1250)
2. Aymer de Lusignan, Bishop of Winchester c. 1250 (c. 1222 – Paris, 5 December 1260 and buried there)
3. Agatha de Lusignan (c. 1223 – aft. 7 April 1269), married Guillaume II de Chauvigny, seigneur of Châteauroux (1224 – Palermo, 3 January 1271)
4. Alice de Lusignan (1224 – 9 February 1256), married 1247 John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey
5. Guy de Lusignan (d. 1264), seigneur of Couhé, Cognac, and Archiac in 1249, killed at the Battle of Lewes.
6. Geoffrey de Lusignan (d. 1274), seigneur of Jarnac, married in 1259 Jeanne de Châtellerault, Vicomtess of Châtellerault (d. 16 May 1315) and had issue:
- Eustachie de Lusignan (d. Carthage, Tunisia, 1270), married 1257 Dreux III de Mello (d. 1310)
7. Guillaume de Lusignan (d. 1296); known in English as William de Valence
8. Margaret de Lusignan (c. 1226/1228–1288), married (1st) 1240/1241 Raymond VII of Toulouse (1197–1249), married (2nd) c. 1246 Aimery IX de Thouars, Viscount of Thouars (d. 1256), and married (3rd) Geoffrey V de Chateaubriant, seigneur of Chateubriant
9. Isabella of Lusignan (1224 – 14 January 1299), lady of Beauvoir-sur-Mer et de Mercillac, married (1st) Maurice IV de Craon (1224/1239 – soon before 27 May 1250/1277) (2nd) Geoffrey de Rancon, seigneur of Taillebourg.

Hugh X was succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh XI of Lusignan.
He was buried in Angoulême.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_X_of_Lusignan 		de Lusignan, Count Hugh X (I34377)
 
6822 Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson, Vol. 3 pg 85
... daughter and heiress of Robert Fitz Hamon, of Gloucester, Bristol, Tewksbury, and Cardiff, seigneur of Cruelly in Calvados, and Torigny in Manche, Normandy, hereditary Governor of Caen, by Sybil, daughter of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury.

==========
Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
MABEL [Matilda or Sibylle] FitzRobert, daughter & heiress of ROBERT FitzHamon Lord of Glamorgan and Gloucester & his wife Sibylle de Montgomery (-[29 Sep] 1157). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names (in order) “Mabiliam, Hawysiam, Ceciliam, Amisiam” as the four daughters of ”Robertum filium Haymonis, dominum de Astramervilla in Normannia”, recording that Mabile married Robert Fitzroy. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus Henrici regis filius” married “Rodberto Haimonis filio...[et] Sibiliam Rogerii comitis filiam...filiam...Mathildem”. Robert of Torigny records that "filia Roberti Belismensis" was the mother of "Rogerius Wigornensis episcopus", son of "Robertus comes Gloecestrensis…filius primi Henrici regis Anglorum", clarifying that the bishop's grandfather was "Robertus filius Haimonis dominus de Torigneio". The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “Mabilia comitissa Gloucestriæ” died in 1157.

==========
Wiki (March 2015):
Mabel FitzRobert, Countess of Gloucester (1090 - 29 September 1157) was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman, and a wealthy heiress who brought the lordship of Gloucester, among other prestigious honours to her husband, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester upon their marriage. He was the illegitimate son of King Henry I of England.

Her father was Robert Fitzhamon, Lord of Gloucester and Glamorgan. As she was the eldest daughter of four, and her younger sisters had become nuns, Mabel inherited all of his honours and properties upon his death in 1107.

As Countess of Gloucester, Mabel was significant politically and she exercised an important administrative role in the lordship.

Mabel was born in Gloucestershire, England in 1090, the eldest of the four daughters of Robert FitzHamon, Lord of Gloucester and Glamorgan, and his wife, Sybil de Montgomery. Her three younger sisters, Hawise, Cecile and Amice all became nuns, making Mabel the sole heiress to her father's lordships and vast estates in England, Wales, and Normandy.

Her paternal grandfather was Hamon, Sheriff of Kent, and her maternal grandparents were Roger de Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Mabel Talvas of Belleme.

In March 1107, her father died in Normandy, leaving his lordships and estates to Mabel. Her mother married secondly Jean, Sire de Raimes.

In 1107, Mabel married Robert of Caen, an illegitimate son of King Henry I by his mistress Sybil Corbet. Their marriage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis who also names her parents. He would later become an important figure during the turbulent period in English history known as The Anarchy which occurred in the reign of King Stephen of England. Throughout the civil war, he was a loyal supporter of his half-sister Empress Matilda who would make him the chief commander of her army. He had originally sworn fealty to King Stephen, but after quarrelling with him in 1137, his English and Welsh possessions were forfeited, and thus he joined forces with Matilda.

Mabel brought to her husband the honours of Gloucester in England, Glamorgan in Wales, Sainte-Scholasse-sur-Sarthe, Evrecy and Creully in Normandy. By right of his wife, he became the 2nd Lord of Glamorgan, and gained possession of her father's castle of Cardiff in Wales. In August 1122, he was created 1st Earl of Gloucester; henceforth, Mabel was styled as Countess of Gloucester.

As countess, Mabel exercised a prominent administrative role in the Gloucester lordship. Her political importance was evident when she was made responsible for seeing that her husband upheld his side of the agreement in the treaty he made with Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford. She also witnessed four of Robert's charters; as well as giving her personal consent for his foundation of the Abbey of Margam, whose endowment came from her own lands. Later, after Robert's death, Mabel assumed control of the honour of Gloucester's Norman lands on behalf of her eldest son William.

Together Robert and Mabel had at least eight children:
William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (23 November 1112- 23 November 1183), married Hawise de Beaumont by
whom he had five children, including Isabella of Gloucester, the first wife of King John of England, and Amice FitzRobert,
Countess of Gloucester.
Roger, Bishop of Worcester (died 9 August 1179)
Hamon FitzRobert, (died 1159), killed in the Siege of Toulouse.
Robert FitzRobert of Ilchester (died before 1157), married Hawise de Redvers, by whom he had a daughter Mabel who in
her turn married Jordan de Cambernon.
Richard FitzRobert, Sire de Creully (died 1175), inherited the seigneury of Creully from Mabel, and became the ancestor of
the Sires de Creully. He married the daughter of Hughes de Montfort by whom he had five children.
Philip FitzRobert, (died after 1147), Castellan of Cricklade. He took part in the Second Crusade.
Maud FitzRobert (died 29 July 1190), married Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester by whom she had three children.
Mabel FitzRobert, married Aubrey de Vere

Robert also sired an illegitimate son, Richard, Bishop of Bayeux by Isabel de Douvres.

Mabel's husband died on 31 October 1147. Mabel herself died on 29 September 1157 in Bristol at the age of sixty-seven years. 		FitzHamon, Mabel (I35499)
 
6823 Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):

“BEATRICE DE BEAUCHAMP, married (1st) before 1264 THOMAS FITZ OTES, Knt., of Me ndlesham, Suffolk, Belchamp Otton, Gestingthorpe, and Gosfield, Essex, Dursley and Woodmancote, Gloucestershire, Hamerton, Huntingdonshire, etc., hereditary coiner of the Mint in the Tower of London and City of Canterbury, younger son of Otes Fitz William, of Bekhamp Otton, Gestingthorpe, and Gosfield, Essex, etc., and Lislestone (in Marylebone), Middlesex, hereditary coiner of the Mint. He was born about 1231 (aged 30 in 1261). He was heir in 1261 to his older brother, William Fitz Otes. They had one son, Otes, and three daughters, Joan (wife of Guy Ferre), Maud, and Beatrice. His wife, Beatrice, was co-heiress c.1266-7 to her niece, Joan, daughter of Simon de Beauchamp, Knt., by which she inherited a one-third share in the barony of Bedford, Bedfordshire, consisting of the manors of Astwick, Bromham, Cardington, Dilwick (in Stagsden), etc., Bedfordshire, Linslade and Southcott, Buckinghamshire, Belchamp William, Essex, and Shelsley Beauchamp, Worcestershire. The same year Thomas was given the scrap iron from the broken dies, as his father and ancestors had had. SIR THOMAS FITZ OTES died shortly before 23 March 1274. In June 1275 the king granted custody of the lands and heirs of Thomas Fitz Otes to the king's kinsman, Maurice de Craon, to hold during the minority of the heirs, together with the marriage of the heirs, saving to Hugh Fitz Otes, brother of the said Thomas, land or rent to the value of £40 a year to hold during the said custody.

She married (2nd) before 26 June 1278 (probably as his 2nd wife) 'WILLIAM DE MUNCHENSY (or MONTCHESNEY, Knt., of Edwardstone, Lindsey, and Theberton, Suffolk, and, in right of his wife, of Linslade, Buckinghamshire, Shelsley Beauchamp, Worcestershire, etc., son and heir of William de Munchensy, of Edwardstone and Lindsey, Suffolk, by Joan, daughter and heiress of Geoffrey de Creke, Knt. He was born about 1230 (aged 24 in 1254). They had one son, William, and two daughters. He was heir in 1254 to his cousin, Ralph de la Haye, by which he inherited the manors of Layer de la Haye, Quendon, and Rettendon, Essex. In 1274-5 Master Alexander de Lolling arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against him and others touching a tenement in Bradwell-near-Tillingham, Essex. In 1275-6 Denise de Munchensy, of Holedon, arraigned an assize of mort d'ancestor against him touching possessions in Holton, Stratford, Monk's Eleigh, Chellesworth, and Lindsey, Suffolk. In 1276-7 he was granted letters of protection, he then going in the king's suite to the parts of Wales. He fought in Wales in 1277,1282, and 1283. About 1279 he conveyed 20 acres of arable land in Eldepak field in Finchingfield, Essex to Thomas de Spain. In 1279-80 Thomas de Spain arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against William de Munchensy, of Edwardstone, and others touching a tenement in Finchingfield, Essex. In the same period, Richard de Spain arraigned an assize of mort d'ancestor against William de Munchensy, of Edwardstone, and Thomas de Spain touching possessions in Finchingfield, Essex. In 1280-1 Andrew du Pont arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against William de Munchensy regarding a tenement in Laxfield, Suffolk. In the same year Hamo Pecche arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against William de Munchensy, of Edwardstone, and others regarding a tenement in Lindsey, Suffolk. In 1280-1 Hamo Pecche likewise arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against him touching a tenement in Groton, Aldham, and Haclleigh, Suffolk. The same year Philippe daughter of Richard de Spayne arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against William de Munchensy regarding a tenement in Finchingfield, Essex. In 1283 his kinsman, John de Munchensy granted him the manor of Scales (in Haslingfield), Cambridgeshire. Sometime before 1283 he enfeoffed Roger de Pridinton with the manor of Coddenham, Suffolk. His wife, Beatrice, died before 30 Sept. 1285. In 1285 he was tried and condemned for having sent four men of his household to murder Hugh Bukky at Castle Hedingham, Essex, and for harboring one of the murderers. In 1286 he received pardon on condition that he go to the Holy Land and remain there in God's service for ever. An allowance of 100 marks yearly from the revenues and his lands was made to him, but he was still a prisoner at London in 1290. He appears to have gone to the Holy Land in 1292, and in 1297, he had leave to return to the realm with restoration of his lands. SIR WILLIAM DE MUNCHENSY died shortly before 14 May 1302.

Roberts Excerpta è rotulis finium in Turri Londonnensi asservatis, Henrico Tertio rege, AD 1216-1272 2 (1836): 353, 355. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland I. (1837): 219 ("Will's de Monte Caniso" included on list of people owing military service in 1300). Gentleman's Mag. (1855): 159. Harvey Hist. & Antiqs. of the Hundred of Willey (1872-8): opp. 4 (Beauchamp ped.). Reliquary 17 (1876-7): 211. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 44 (1883): 39, 78, 104; 45 (1885): 154, 205; 46 (1886): 261; 49 (1888): 67; 50 (1889): 87-88, 101, 136, 138, 219, 251. Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Arch. Soc. 11 (1886-7): 233-242. Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 1 (1890): 108. Price Handbook of London Bankers (1890-91): 125. C.C.R. 1272-1279 (1900): 467. C.P.R. 1272-1281 (1901): 93. Madge Abs. of IPM for Gloucestershire 4 (Index Lib. 30) (1903): 89-90 , 98. Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 122. VCH Bedford 2 (1908): 203; 3 (1912): 9-15, 44, 46, 214-218, 235. Cal. IPM 4 (1913): 64-65. Chambers Beauchamps (Bedfordshire Hist Rec. Soc. 1) (1913): 1-25. VCH Worcester 4 (1924): 331-334. VCH Buckingham 3 (1925): 387-391. Moor Knights of Edward I 1 (H.S.P. 80) (1929): 122-123 Fitz Otes arms: Bendy of six, a canton). Richardson & Sayles Rotuli Parl. Anglie Hactenus Inediti 1274-1373 (Camden Soc. 3rd Ser. 51) (1935): 22-23. C.P. 9 (1936): 416 417 (sub Munchensy). VCH Huntingdon 3 (1936): 67. Fowler Cal. IPM 2 (Bedfordshire Hist. Rec. Soc. 19) (1937): 150-151. Misc. Gen. et Heraldica 5th Ser. 10 (1938): 1-10. Gibbs Early Charters of the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, London (Camden Soc. 3rd Ser. 58) (1939): 136, footnote 1. Paget Baronage of England (1957) 37: 1-8 (sub Beauchamp); 396: 2-3 (sub Munchensi). Sanders English Baronies (1960): 10-12. VCH Cambridge 5 (1973): 230. Gervers Cartulary of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem in England 1 (Recs. of Soc. & Econ. Hist. n.s. 6) (1982): 40-41 (charter of William de Munchensy dated probably c.1280). Brown Sibton Abbey Cartularies & Charters 2 (Suffolk Charters 8) (1986): 19-20. Waugh Lordship of England (1988): 213. TAG 65 (1990): 24-32. Thompson Hundreds, Manors, Parishes & the Church (Bedfordshire Hist. Rec. Soc. 69) (1990): 8,10. Brault Rolls of Arms Edward 12 (1997): 314 (arms of William de Munchensy: Argent, six bars argent). National Archives, C 47/14/4/10 (Scire facias dated 1283 to the sheriff of Suffolk concerning manor of Codham [Coddenham] - William de Monte Caniso v Joan de Colevile [widow of Roger de Pridinton] to be heard in next parliament) (available at www.catalogue.nationalarchives.gov.uk/search.asp).
Child of Beatrice de Beauchamp, by Thomas Fitz Otes, Knt:
i. MAUD FITZ THOMAS [see next].
Child of Beatrice de Beauchamp, by William de Munchensy, Knt.:
i. WILLIAM DE MUNCHENSY, of Edwardstone, Suffolk, married ALICE [see WALDEGRAVE 8].” 		de Beauchamp, Beatrice (I35761)
 
6824 Rubellia Bassa (born between 33-38) was a daughter of Gaius Rubellius Blandus, consul in AD 18 and possibly his wife Julia Livia (killed 43) or an earlier wife.
It has been theorized that her mother was Julia Livia (daughter of Drusus Julius Caesar and Livilla), which would make Bassa the great-granddaughter of Tiberius and the great-great-niece of Augustus through his sister Octavia the Younger; however, this lineage is uncertain because her father, Gaius Rubellius Blandus married Julia when he was around 55, which makes an earlier marriage likely (possibly to a Laecania Bassa), and Rubellia Bassa may have been the daughter of Blandus by this theorized earlier marriage.
Bassa had at least one sibling or half-sibling, a brother named Gaius Rubellius Plautus who was one of the nearest heirs of the blood of Tiberius, being the grandson of Drusus Julius Caesar. Plautus was forced to kill himself in 62 and his wife Antistia Pollitta and children were executed four years later, perhaps because the children were direct descendants of previous Roman Emperors.
Marriage and possible descendants[edit]
Rubellia Bassa married Gaius Octavius Laenas, maternal uncle of the future emperor Nerva. Ronald Syme claims that Sergius Octavius Laenas Pontianus, consul in 131 under Emperor Hadrian, set up a dedication to his grandmother, "[Rub]elliae / [Bla]ndi f(iliae) Bassae / Octavi Laenatis / Sergius Octavius / Laenas Pontianus / aviae optimae ".[1][2] This obscure link is perhaps a continuation of the Julio-Claudian bloodline through the 2nd century. 		Rubellia Bassa (I34043)
 
6825 Rückert, Friedrich
friedrichruecker

Friedrich Rückert
Pseudonyms: Freimund Raimar, Reimar, Reimer

* 16.05.1787, Schweinfurt
† 31.01.1866, Neuses (today: district of Coburg)

Late romantic poet, founder of German Orientalism, poet and translator of Far Eastern and Oriental poetry
The son of the Rentbeamten Johann Adam Rückert (born 03.01.1763, Schwarzbach, b Hildburghausen - 30.12.1835, Schweinfurt) is born in Schweinfurt and grows up in Oberlauringen / Lower Franconia. In the poetic-humorous cycle of his childhood memories in 1829 he recalls memories from the childhood years of a village man's son . After attending grammar school in Schweinfurt, he began law school in 1805 at the University of Würzburg, but soon turned to philology and aesthetics. During his studies he is active in the Corps Franconia Würzburg . In 1810 he becomes a member of the Masonic Lodge "Karl zum Rautenkranz" in Hildburghausen .In 1811 he has a job as a lecturer in Jena and for a short time he is a high school teacher. Then he settles down as a private scholar in Würzburg. During this time he often stays in Würzburg, in Hildburghausen and in his parents' home in Schweinfurt. In the Napoleonic era, he is known for his poetry extraordinary. His Geharnischten Sonnets gain great popularity under the pseudonym Freimund Raimar against the French foreign rule. The sonnets are published in 1814 without naming the publisher and the printing place.

Minister v. Wangenheim gives him a stay in Stuttgart. There he accepts the editorship of poetry part of the Cotta morning for sheet formed objects, further it is 1817 for the rim of the time charge . As a poet he was very productive at that time, writing Napoleon from 1816 to 1818 , a political comedy in two parts.

In 1817 he undertook a long journey to Italy, where he maintains good contacts with German artists, including Carl Barth, whom he describes as " my dear friend and engraver" , which has become the "winged word" in Germany. In 1818/19 he returned to Vienna via Vienna. In Vienna he learns with Joseph v. Hammer Purgstall Persian. Then he is from 1820 to 1826 in Ebern and Coburg private teacher. In 1821 he moved to the house of the Archivist Fischer in Neuses near Coburg. He married on December 26, 1821 his daughter Luise Wiethaus-Fischer, with whom he has ten children. Here he translates parts of the Koran and the Hamasa of Abu Tamman 788 - 845) and in 1822 gives his first large collection of poems The Eastern Rosesout. In literary studies, the volume is referred to as Rückert's reply to Goethe's West-Eastern Divan . In 1826 he was called to Erlangen as Professor of Oriental Languages ​​and Literatures.

In the winter of 1833/34 he must complain of the death of his two favorite children Luise († December 31, 1833) and Ernst († January 16, 1834). In memory he writes about 400 Kindertotenlieder. Some have also become world famous in the setting by Gustav Mahler (1901, 1904).

In 1841 he was called to Berlin by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV (his mother is Queen Louise of Prussia, whose sister is the Duchess Charlotte of Sachsen-Hildburghausen). On May 31, 1842 Rückert is awarded by the art-loving king of the Order Pour le Mérite for science and the arts . Until 1848 he lives with many interruptions in Berlin, but it pushes him back to his Franconian homeland. The king dismisses him and grants him half of his previous salary until the end of his life. He retires to his estate near Neuses. His creative refuge becomes the local Goldberg. He remains extraordinarily productive until the end of his life, releasing the house and year songs and the Hamasa (1846).

His grave is located next to the village church of Coburg-Neuses.

Awards

1838 Bavarian Order of St. Michael I. class

1841 Government Council

1842 Order Pour le mérite for Science and Arts (1842)

1853 Bavarian Maximilian Order (1853)

1859 honorary member of the Pegnesian Flower Order

1863 honorary member of the free German high pin , Frankfurt / Main

1865 Honorary citizen of Schweinfurt

- Commander of the Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe

From 1832 he is a correspondent and from 1859 an external member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.

In his life he dealt with 44 languages (translations, teaching, linguistics):

Afghan , Albanian , Old Slavonic , Arabic , Armenian , Ethiopian , Avestinian , Azeri , Berber , Biblical- Aramaic , English , Estonian , Finnish , French , Gothic , Greek , Hawaiian , Hebrew , Hindustan , Italian , Kannada , Coptic ,Kurdish , Latin , Latvian , Lithuanian , Malay , Malayalam , Maltese , Modern Greek , Neo-Persian , Pali , Portuguese , Prakrit , Russian , Samaritan , Sanskrit , Swedish , Spanish , Syriac , Tamil , Telugu , Chagata , Turkish .

monuments

- In 1833, the sculptor Carl Ernst Conrad, Hildburghausen, exhibits in the exhibition of the Berlin Academy the model of a bust of Friedrich Rückert, which comes into the possession of the Bavarian King. (King Ludwig I, his wife Therese is the daughter of the Duchess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen). The sculptor Müller from Meiningen designed after the model of a larger than life bust of Carrara marble. On a Syenitsockel she stands today in Rückert Park in Coburg-Neuses. The monument was unveiled on October 28, 1869.

- On the Berlin Kreuzberg (Viktoriapark) stands a Hermenstele Rückerts (Herme - pillar shaft with attached head and shoulders), designed by Prof. Ferdinand Lepcke (1866 - 1909). (Lepcke comes from Coburg, his mother from Hildburghausen.) He designed the bronze Bismarck relief at the Bismarck Tower in Hildburghausen [02.09.1908 Unveiling]).

- For the Schweinfurt market square on October 18, 1890 a memorial, designed by Prof. Friedrich Thiersch and Prof. Wilhelm v. Rümann, consecrated. He is sitting on an armchair, resting on his feet two female figures. They stand as allegories for his poetry cycles, Harnessed Sonnets and The Wisdom of the Brahmin.

- In 1904, a fountain monument was erected in the Schlossgarten Erlangen in Art Nouveau forms.

Rückert's art historically significant portraits are known from Carl Barth, Carl August Hohnbaum d. J. (both Hildburghausen) and also by the portrait and genre painter Bertha Froriep (1833, Berlin - 1920, Weimar).

rueckert1

Friedrich Rückert
steel engraving by Carl Barth
(after a preliminary drawing from 1843)

rueckert

Portrait of Friedrich Rückert
By Bertha Froriep (1864)

Compositions: In 1859 the composer and conductor Robert Radecke (1830 - 1911) set the poem Aus dem Jugendzeit out of his youth . Five Kindertotenlieder is set to music by Gustav Mahler. Other compositions by Rückert by Franz Schubert , Robert Schumann , Clara Schumann , Johannes Brahms , Carl Loewe , Heinrich Kaspar Schmid , Richard Strauss and Felix Draeseke . Heinrich Kaspar Schmid (1874 - 1953) set to music in opus 8 This is how I change my mindfor baritone and piano. In the song play to the lute, or also piano opus 31, he makes seven songs ( guardian, late and early, in the spring, the nodding mother: love in the little one, decoy, all love, autumn breath ). In 1993, the British songwriter Anne Clark (* 1960) set to music several of Rückert's poems (including Ich bin dem Welt ) in her album The law is Anagram of Wealth .

Poems by Friedrich Rückert 		Rückert, Johann Michael FRIEDRICH (I15878)
 
6826 Rudolf called Rudi has the family history explored and written down to 1610 and thus provided essential basis for this pedigree.
Was stationed in the thirties in Cottbus / Dissenchen as an air force officer

He was married 		Mörlin, Rudolf Julius Emil (I28026)
 
6827 Rudolph I (859-October 25, 912) was King of Upper Burgundy from his election in 888 until his death.

Rudolph belonged to the elder Welf family and was the son of Conrad, Count of Auxerre and Waldrada of Worms. From his father he inherited the lay abbacy of St Maurice en Valais, making him the most powerful magnate in Upper Burgundy - present-day western Switzerland and the Franche-Comté.
After the deposition and death of Charles the Fat, the nobles and leading clergy of Upper Burgundy met at St Maurice and elected Rudolph as king. Apparently on the basis of this election, Rudolph claimed the whole of Lotharingia, taking much of modern Lorraine and Alsace - but his claim was contested by Arnulf of Carinthia, the new king of East Francia or Germany, who rapidly forced Rudolph to abandon Lotharingia in return for recognition as king of Burgundy. However, hostilities between Rudolph and Arnulf seem to have continued intermittently until 894.

Rudolph's relationships with his other neighbours were friendlier. His sister Adelaide married Richard the Justiciar, duke of Burgundy (the present day Burgundy, part of west Francia). His daughter another Adelaide married Louis the Blind of Provence (Lower Burgundy), and his daughter Willa married Boso of Tuscany.

Rudolph was succeeded as king of Burgundy by his son, Rudolph II. Rudolf I's widow, queen Guilla, married in 912 Hugh of Arles.

This Rudolph is frequently confused with his nephew Rudolph of France, who was the second duke of Burgundy and ninth king of France. 		von Hochburgund, Rudolph I (I34297)
 
6828 Rudolph II (c. 880-11 July 937), a member of the Elder House of Welf, was King of Burgundy from 912 until his death. He initially succeeded in Upper Burgundy and also ruled as King of Italy from 922 to 926. In 933 Rudolph acquired the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy (Provence) from King Hugh of Italy in exchange for the waiver of his claims to the Italian crown, thereby establishing the united Burgundian Kingdom of Arles.

He was the son of the Upper Burgundian king Rudolph I, and it is presumed that his mother was his father's known wife Guilla, probably a daughter of King Boso of Provence. Following his ascent to the throne in 912, Rudolph II entered into a border conflict with the neighbouring Dukes of Swabia and campaigned the Thurgau and Zurich estates. Duke Burchard II of Swabia finally defeated him in the 919 Battle of Winterthur; both rulers made peace and Rudolph married Burchard's daughter Bertha in 922.

At the same time, Rudolph was asked by several Italian nobles led by Margrave Adalbert I of Ivrea to intervene in Italy on their behalf against Emperor Berengar. Having entered Italy, he was crowned King of the Lombards at Pavia. In 923, he defeated Berengar at Piacenza; Berengar was murdered the following year, possibly at the instigation of Rudolph. The king then ruled Upper Burgundy and Italy together, residing alternately in both kingdoms.

However, in 926 the Italian nobility turned against him and requested that Hugh of Arles, the effective ruler of Provence (or Lower Burgundy), rule them instead. Rudolph's father-in-law Duke Burchard II of Swabia came for his support, however, he was attacked and killed near Novara by the henchmen of Archbishop Lambert of Milan. The king returned to Upper Burgundy to protect himself, assuring Hugh's coronation as King of Italy in the process. At the Diet of Worms, Rudolph rendered the royal symbol of the Holy Lance to the East Frankish king Henry the Fowler in exchange for the Swabian Basel estates.

The two Burgundian kingdoms unified from 933; Rudolph ruled until his death in 937 and was succeeded by his son Conrad. After his death in 937, his daughter Adelaide was married to Hugh's son Lothair, while Hugh married Rudolph's widow Bertha. Adelaide later became the second wife of Otto the Great, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962, and the mother of Emperor Otto II.

Rudolph II - a member of the Elder House of Welf
912-937 King of Burgundy
922-926 King of Italy
933 Rudolph acquired the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy (Provence) from King Hugh of Italy in exchange for the waiver of his claims to the Italian crown, thereby establishing the united Kingdom of Burgundy.

Following his ascent to the throne in 912, Rudolph II entered into a border conflict with the neighbouring dukes of Swabia and campaigned the Thurgau and Zurich estates. Duke Burchard II of Swabia finally defeated him in the 919 Battle of Winterthur; both rulers made peace and Rudolph married Burchard's daughter Bertha in 922.

At the same time, Rudolph was asked by several Italian nobles led by Margrave Adalbert I of Ivrea to intervene in Italy on their behalf against Emperor Berengar.

Having entered Italy, he was crowned king at Pavia. In 923, he defeated Berengar at the Battle of Firenzuola; Berengar was murdered the following year, possibly at the instigation of Rudolph. The king then ruled Upper Burgundy and Italy together, residing alternately in both kingdoms.

However, in 926 the Italian nobility turned against him and requested that Hugh of Arles, the effective ruler of Provence (or Lower Burgundy), rule them instead.

Rudolph's father-in-law Duke Burchard II of Swabia came for his support; however, he was attacked and killed near Novara by the henchmen of Archbishop Lambert of Milan. The king returned to Upper Burgundy to protect himself, assuring Hugh's coronation as King of Italy in the process.

At the Diet of Worms, Rudolph rendered the royal symbol of the Holy Lance to the East Frankish king Henry the Fowler in exchange for the Swabian Basel estates.

The two Burgundian kingdoms unified from 933; Rudolph ruled until his death in 937 and was succeeded by his son Conrad. 		von Hochburgund, King Rudolph II (I34284)
 
6829 Runkerry House McCouaig, Annie (I35307)
 
6830 Rural Jegglin, Otto Fredrick (I27077)
 
6831 Rural Friedrich, Arthur Henry Sr (I1365)
 
6832 Rural Stegner, Christinia (I23568)
 
6833 Rural Schlotzhauer, Marcia ALMA (I2793)
 
6834 Rural Schilb, Patesta Joseph (I27391)
 
6835 Rural Phelan, Gemima Elizabeth (I9721)
 
6836 Rural Huecker, Hugo William (I6667)
 
6837 Rural Walje, George Harriman (I15232)
 
6838 Rural Allen, James Ned (I14197)
 
6839 Rural Allen, James Ned (I14197)
 
6840 Rural Schnuck, John Oswald (I525)
 
6841 Rural Weber, Annie Catherine (I2175)
 
6842 Rural Howard, Vernal Ross (I22525)
 
6843 Rural Schwitzky, Robert Carl (I20217)
 
6844 Rural Cooper County was the home of Augusta "Gussie" Brueckner. Young John Calvert Faris hailing from neighboring Howard County attended the University of Missouri, here in neighboring Boone County landed his first job at Woodland School in Cooper County near the George Brueckner Farm in the mid 1890's became the husband of one of his former pupils, Augusta Brueckner May 5 , 1897 at the George Brueckner home .
Uncle Cal Farris /Faris was headmaster at the Boonville boys reformatory in 1900, later took a position at Centerton, ARkansas where they moved and raised their family. This is from a Farris Family Book by Helen Farris of Rogers AR, published June, 1989. My grandmother was Ollie Almeda (Faris) Lloyd, the youngest child of John Shepard Farris/Faris and Julia Ann (Calvert) Faris. Aunt Gussie was a loud and wonderful German lady by the time we met in the 1940's Laura Crane Columbia, MO 		Faris, John Calvert (I9570)
 
6845 Rural Ashland Branch, August B (I11599)
 
6846 Rural Blue Township Burns, Lavinia (I20728)
 
6847 Rural Garwin Kouba, George Edward (I23107)
 
6848 RURIK [Roric] (-[879]).  According to the Primary Chronicle 860/62, following a call to "the Varangian Russes [=Scandinavians]…to come to rule and reign over us", Rurik and his two brothers migrated to settle, Rurik the oldest brother settling in Novgorod[15].  Franklin & Shephard comment that "the story [in the Primary Chronicle]…remains highly controversial"[16].  The initial Scandinavian settlements seem to have been at Gorodishche, the town of Novgorod (as its name implies) being a new settlement which was probably established nearby in the 950s[17].  The Primary Chronicle records Rurik´s death in 879[18].  This chronology is dubious when compared with the more robust dates attributable to his supposed grandson Sviatoslav (see below).  m ---.  The name of Rurik´s wife is not known.  Rurik & his wife had [two possible children]: of Novgorod, Prince Rurik Rurikovich (I34399)
 
6849 Rurik History:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurik

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rurik 		Ketil Prince (I34412)
 
6850 Rush Run Beall, George Stricker (I27591)
 

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