Notes
Matches 6,351 to 6,400 of 7,802
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| 6351 | Obituary of Theresa Meistrel (November 19, 1922, Lincoln, NE). | Meistrell, Andrew (I11465)
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| 6352 | Obituary Posted Online: 11/5/02 Vernone Rosburg Funeral services were held for Vernone Nell Rosburg of Braham October 31, 2002 at Calvary Covenant Lutheran Church in Alpha, WI with Rev. Mark Swenson officiating. Music was provided by organist Marjorie Friberg and vocalist Vern Bistrum. Pallbearers were Todd, Terry, David, and Johnny Johnson, and Steven and Gary Coy. Interment was in Carlsburg Cemetery in Alpha. She was born July 5, 1943 to Conrad and Jennie (James) Johnson in Lincoln Township, Burnett County, WI. She grew up there and graduated from Grantsburg High School. She worked as a private nurse for a number of years before marrying Robert Rosburg June 26, 1970 at Lewis Lake Church. She enjoyed country music, gardening and working in the field driving the tractor. Vernone died at Kanabec Hospital October 27, 2002 at the age of 59.. She was preceded in death by her parents; sister Norma Johnson; brother Wesley Johnson and niece Cheryl Lynn Goodremote. Vernone is survived by husband Robert of Braham; sister LouAnn (Adolph) Goodremote of Grantsburg, WI; half sister Connie (Paul) Ashcroft of Vacaville, CA; and sister-in-law Elsie (Harold) Koehler of Ceylon, MN. Arrangements by Rock Mankie Burial and Cremated Service of Braham. | Rosburg, Robert (I10353)
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| 6353 | At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Peterman, Margueritte (I21552)
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| 6354 | Obtained degree in Business Administration | Andrews, David Robert (I17082)
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| 6355 | Occupation farmer per the census records. He was a civil war veteran who served with the reg 48 Co B 25th Virginia Cavalry Battalion Partisan Rangers. Colbert applied for his confederate pension in 1900. He drew $15.00 a month starting in 1902. He is named after his maternal grandfather Colbert C. Fugate. | Dorton, Colbert Coolie (I31657)
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| 6356 | October 4, 1901, Frank Westerman left last Saturday 29 of September for Kansas City where he has secured a position in the Santa Fe Offices and will make his home there. Hibs borther William Westerman and his widowed mother, Mrs. George Westerman, will move there also. Willie has secured employment with Armour Packing Company. Frank Westerman died in Kansas City on January 10, 1949 born in Boonville in 1875. Uncle is Wilbur Stretz and Aunt, Mrs. Louis Peeples. Leaves a widow, 4 daughters and two sons. | Westerman, Francis Joseph "Frank" (I15470)
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| 6357 | Odacre, also spelled Audacer, Odoacer, and Odoscer, believed to be the son of Ingelram (Engelran, Enguerrand, Ingeleannus) and his wife (name not known). He was born between 800 and 810 and died in 837 at the age of 27 or 37. The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin records his death in 837. The 'Annales Blandinienses' records his death in 836 specifying that he was buried at "Arlabeka. This makes it likely that he died in early March of 837, because of the way the calendar was then calculated with the year beginning March 25th not Jan 1st. Although the wife of Odacre is not known, they are believed to be the parents of Baldwin I, also known as Baudouin, born between 830 and 837. Odacre is believed to have died when his son was still very young, too young to rule. It is not known who ruled Flanders between Odacre's death and the time his son was appointed. There are very few sources for Odacer/Audacer/Odoacer It seems certain that he was the father of Baldwin I, other than that most historians/professional genealogists seem to agree that all other family relationships are fabricated. The only child associated with Odacer is Baldwin I aka Baudouin. Ingelram and Lidéric were probably real individuals, however, there is no evidence that they were the ancestors of Odacer and Baldwin I. It appears that they were written into an elaborate thirteenth century story to provided Baldwin with three generations of ancestry. --------------------------------------- The Legendary Ancestors of Baldwin of Flanders No contemporary source gives the parentage of Baldwin I of Flanders. However, by the the late thirteenth century, an elaborate story had developed which provided Baldwin with three generations of ancestry back to a certain Lidéric, who was then said to be the first "forester" of Flanders, followed in the same position by his son Ingelram, grandson Audacer, and great-grandson Baldwin, who then became the first count of Flanders. Widely accepted in earlier times, these legends have been correctly rejected by modern scholarship. Fortunately, the surviving rescensions of the genealogies of the counts of Flanders allow us to see some of the stages by which this legendary scenario developed, and even though a careful examination of these shows us that Ingelram and probably also Lidéric were real individuals, the alleged descent of Baldwin I from them must be discarded. Much of the early development of the legend appears in the various works edited under the collective title of Genealogiae Comitum Flandriae [MGH SS 9: 302-336, here abbreviated Gen. Com. Fland.], a collection of nine items (identified here by Roman numerals I-IX) written by various authors over a period of several hundred years, having in common that they involve the genealogy or succession of the counts of Flanders. The two earliest parts, dating from the tenth century, say nothing about the parentage of Baldwin I [I. Witger, Genealogia Arnulfi comitis (pp. 302-4, also an important source for later Carolingian genealogy); II. De Arnulfo comite (p. 304)]. However, Witger was emphasizing the Carolingian ancestry of count Arnulf I, and De Arnulfo comite was concerned only with certain close relatives of Arnulf I, so the fact that they do not mention the parentage of Baldwin I does not mean that they did not know it. The earliest source giving Baldwin's supposed genealogy back to Lidéric is Genealogia comitum Flandriae Bertiniana [Gen. Com. Fland. III, pp. 305-8], which states that Lidricus, count of Harlebeck, was father of Ingelrannus, who was father of Audacrus, who was father of Balduinus Ferreus ["Lidricus Harlebeccensis comes genuit Ingelrannum. Ingelrannus genuit Audacrum. Audacer genuit Balduinum Ferreum, qui duxit filiam Karoli Calvi nomine Iudith." MGH SS 9: 305]. In his introduction to this work, Bethmann dates this version to the reign of count Robert II (1093-1111) [MGH SS 9: 305], but the existence of two different versions which diverge after Baldwin V suggests an earlier version composed under Baldwin V or Baldwin VI [see MGH SS 9: 306]. As discussed in more detail below, later versions of Gen. Com. Fland. added major elaborations to this account. However, Genealogia comitum Flandriae Bertiniana is not the earliest source to mention Lidéric. That honor goes to Annales Blandinienses, which, under the year 836, in an eleventh century hand, states that "Lidricus comes obiit", followed by "et Arlabeka sepelitur" added in a twelfth century hand [Grierson (1937a), 11; Annales Blandinienses has also been edited by Ludwig Bethmann in MGH SS 5: 20-34, but the fact that "et Arlabeka sepelitur" was in a later hand is not indicated]. One of the sources used by the Annales Blandinienses as we have them today was an earlier version of the same annals from the middle of the tenth century, called the tenth century Annales Blandinienses by Grierson (1937a), which were also used as a source by Annales Elmarenses, Annales Formosolenses, and Annales Elnonenses. These annals are also edited in Grierson (1937a). Annales Elmarenses were first edited by Grierson, while Monumenta Germaniae Historica contains editions of Annales Formosolenses by Bethmann [MGH SS 5: 34-6] and of Annales Elnonenses by Pertz [MGH SS 5: 10-20, with the entries in one twelfth century hand separated and edited as Annales Elnonenses minores (pp.17-20), and the remaining annals edited as Annales Elnonenses maiores (pp. 11-17)]. The Annales Blandinienses also mention Ingelram and Audacer, but with an important difference: although the affiliation of Audacer as father of Baldwin is given, no genealogical affiliations are given for Lidéric or Ingelram. The Chronicon Vedastinum, discussed in more detail under Audacer below, is another relatively early source which gives the name of Baldwin's father without showing any knowledge of his alleged earlier ancestors. This indicates an earlier tradition in which the name of the father of Baldwin I was regarded as known, but in which there is no evidence that any earlier generations in the genealogy were known. From this, along with the more detailed individual discussions for Lidéric, Ingelram, and Audacer which appear below, two major points emerge: No later than the middle of the eleventh century (and probably as early as the tenth), there were local annalists who believed that Baldwin's father was named Audacer/Odoacer, but who did not indicate any significant details about the latter, or any knowledge of genealogical affiliations for Lidéric or Ingelram. The chronology indicated for Lidéric and Ingelram (whose career overlaps ignificantly with that of Baldwin I), as shown by these early sources, does not fit well with the claim that they were respectively great-grandfather and grandfather of Baldwin I of Flanders. The natural conclusion is that the name of the father of Baldwin I belongs to an earlier level of the tradition, while the alleged affiliation of Lidéric and Ingelram to Audacer and Baldwin is a later invention, made when the genealogists were seeking to extend the ancestry beyond Baldwin's father, and found two usable names for that purpose in their sources. Although not supported by contemporary evidence, the name of Baldwin's father can be accepted as probable, but the genealogical links to Ingelram and Lidéric need to be rejected as later inventions, even though we can probably accept Lidéric's existence (as we certainly can for Ingelram) https://fasg.org/projects/henryproject/data/baldw001.htm | of Flanders, Odoacer (I33932)
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| 6358 | At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Trentham, Austin Ray (I902)
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| 6359 | of Austin Ray Trentham. | Trentham, Velma (I11777)
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| 6360 | of Austin Ray Trentham. | Trentham, Earnest (I4566)
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| 6361 | of Cedar Rapids, IA per obiturary of Ray Rosburg 1969. From Edith Elena Rosburg. | Rosburg, Carl William (I23698)
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| 6362 | Of Dutch origins. | Casselman, Nathan (I7294)
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| 6363 | Of famous family. | Hummel, Johann Michael (I4673)
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| 6364 | Of Grand Rapids, Michigan | McCormick, John W (I9790)
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| 6365 | Of Normandy, Oxfordshire and Gloucester. From Medieval Land (downloaded 16 August 2018, dvmansur(: --- [de Lacy], son of --- (-before 1069). The Chronique de Normandie, based on le Roman de Rou, names "le sire de Lacy" (twice) among those who took part in the conquest of England in 1066[2], which could refer to Ilbert de Lacy and his father or to Ilbert and his supposed brother Walter. Ellis suggests that the father of Ilbert and Walter was named Hugh "for each gave this name to a son"[3]. No other information has been found concerning this person. m EMMA, daughter of ---. "Emma mater Hilberti de Lacei" donated property "in monte…Mainart" to Saint-Amand on becoming a nun, by undated charter[4]. Ellis dates this charter to before 1069. | de Lacy, Lord Hugh (I26016)
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| 6366 | Of Ponthieu | de Crequy, Mahaut (I33942)
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| 6367 | of Rorrest Lake, MN per obiturary of Ray A. Rosburg 1969. | Rosburg, Selma Eleonora (I15135)
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| 6368 | Of Salisbury, died at his home. Russell was the son of Joseph and Mary Emma (Haley) Schlotzhauer. He married Nadine Rhoads on May 6, 1939 in Sedalia, MO, and she survives of the home. Mr. Schlotzhauer was a lifelong are resident. He raised livestock and farmed all his life, and was very active in various agricultural organizations. Russell was a former member of the Wesley Chapel Church in Pilot Grove, a member of the Salisbury United Methodist Church, a 50 + member of the Masonic Lodge in Fayette, MO, and loved to hunt and fish. Russell and Nadine traveled extensively throughout the United States and Europe, spending the past 25 winters in the south. | Schlotzhauer, Joseph Russell (I23555)
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| 6369 | of Slowes Cuckfield and Kent Hever BIRTH: Year of birth is a rough estimate. MAR: A wife Marion is mentioned in John's will, cited below. DEATH: John Hever of Cranbrook died between 8 June 1483 and 29 July 1483, the dates of the execution and probate of his will, Archdeaconry Court of Canterbury, reg. wills, 3:464 (FHL film 188919; DGS 8228271) | Hever, Sir John II (I32010)
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| 6370 | Offasdatter | of Essex, Elfrid (I33919)
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| 6371 | Ohio University | Rankin, Jenifier Ann (I1361)
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| 6372 | ohn Edward (Jack) Walje lll was the son of John Edward Jr. and Mary Jeanne Smith Walje.On November 28, 1981 in Sedalia Missouri he married Arlene Muncy who survives. Jack attended Sacred Heart grade school in Sedalia.He graduated from Alma High School in Alma Michigan.He served in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam era. He was a member of Sacred Heart Chruch, Sedalia. He enjoyed family, friends, reading, fishing, history and crossword puzzles. He took great pride in raising his son, John. He was predeceased by his parents and one brother Thomas Joseph Walje.Jack loved reading and talking about American History. in particular the Civil War. His last battlefield to visit was the Wilson Creek site in Springfield Mo. Going to be a lot of catfish in ole Muddy thats not going to miss him but he will be missed immensely by his family and friends. | Muncy, Arlene (I18395)
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| 6373 | Olaf A coin minted at York in the early 940s, the obverse (right) face shows a triquetra and the legend ANLAF CVNVNCC (King Anlaf, the Old English form of Amlaíb /Óláfr), the reverse (left) face shows a banner, perhaps the Raven banner and the name of the moneyer, as FARMAN MONETA[rius] King of Jórvík Reign 941 – 944 Predecessor Olaf Guthfrithson Successor Edmund I Reign 949 – 952 (second time) Predecessor Eric Bloodaxe Successor Eric Bloodaxe King of Dublin Reign 945 – 947 Predecessor Blácaire mac Gofrith Successor Blácaire mac Gofrith Reign 952 – 980 (second time) Predecessor Gofraid mac Sitriuc Successor Glúniairn Died 980 Iona, Scotland Burial Iona Abbey Spouse Dúnlaith Gormflaith Issue Glúniairn Sigtrygg Silkbeard Gytha Máel Muire Harald House Uí Ímair Father Sitric Cáech Mother Edith of Polesworth (possibly) Amlaíb Cuarán From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Amlaíb mac Sitric (c. 927 – 981; Old Norse: Óláfr Sigtryggsson), commonly called Amlaíb Cuarán, in Old Norse: Óláfr kváran, was a 10th-century Norse-Gael who was King of Northumbria and Dublin. His byname, cuarán, is usually translated as "sandal". His name appears in a variety of anglicized forms, including Olaf Cuaran and Olaf Sihtricson, particularly in relation to his short-lived rule in York.[1] He was the last of the Uí Ímair to play a major part in the politics of the British Isles. Amlaíb was twice, perhaps three times, ruler of Northumbria and twice ruler of Dublin and its dependencies. His reign over these territories spanned some forty years. He was a renowned warrior and a ruthless pillager of churches, but ended his days in retirement at Iona Abbey. Born when the Uí Ímair ruled over large areas of the British Isles, by his death the kingdom of Dublin was a minor power in Irish politics. At the same time, Dublin became a major centre of trade in Atlantic Europe and mastery over the city and its wealth became the supreme prize for ambitious Irish kings. In death Amlaíb was the prototype for the Middle English romance character Havelok the Dane. In life he was a patron of Irish poets and Scandinavian skalds who wrote verses praising their paymaster. Amlaíb was married at least twice, and had many children who married into Irish and Scandinavian royal families. His descendants were kings in the Isle of Man and the Hebrides until the 13th century. Contents 1 Background 2 Origins 3 York 4 Congalach and Ruaidrí 5 York again 6 From Dublin to Iona 7 Marriages and children 8 Cuarán 9 Icelandic sagas 10 Notes 11 References 12 External links Background The earliest records of attacks by Vikings in Britain or Ireland are at the end of the eighth century. The monastery on Lindisfarne, in the kingdom of Northumbria, was sacked on 8 June 793, and the monastery of Iona in the kingdom of the Picts was attacked in 795 and 802. In Ireland Rathlin Island, off the north-east coast, was the target in 795, and so too was St Patrick's Island on the east coast in 798. Portland in the kingdom of Wessex in south-west Britain was attacked during the reign of King Beorhtric of Wessex (ruled from 786 to 802).[2] These raids continued in a sporadic fashion throughout the first quarter of the ninth century. During the second quarter of the century the frequency and size of raids increased and the first permanent Viking settlements (called longphorts in Ireland) appeared.[3] Origins The Ímar from whom the Uí Ímair were descended is generally presumed to be that Ímar (English pronunciation Ivar): "king of the Northmen of all Britain and Ireland", whose death is reported by the Annals of Ulster in 873. Whether this Ímar is to be identified with Ivar the Boneless, the leader of the Great Heathen Army, is rather less certain, although at the same time not unlikely.[4] Amlaíb Cuarán was probably a great-grandson of Ímar. There is no contemporary evidence setting out the descent from Ímar to his grandsons, but it may be that the grandsons of Ímar recorded between 896 and 934— Amlaíb Cuarán's father Sitriuc (d. 927), Ragnall (d. 921), Gofraid (d. 934), Ímar (d. 904) and Amlaíb (d. 896) —were brothers rather than cousins.[5] Amlaíb's father Sitriuc first appears in the record in 917 when he seized Dublin, a settlement which had probably been under the control of an Irish king since the expulsion of the previous Viking rulers in 902.[6] Sitriuc ruled Northumbria until his death in 927. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records his marriage to King Æthelstan's sister at Tamworth on 30 January 926. According to some late sources, such as the chronicler John of Wallingford, Amlaíb was the son of Sitriuc and this West Saxon princess.[7] Sitriuc's other sons included Gofraid (died 951), king of Dublin, Aralt (died 940), ruler of Limerick, and, less certainly, Sichfrith and Auisle, listed among those killed at the battle of Brunanburh in 937 by the Annals of Clonmacnoise.[8] A daughter of Sitriuc named Gytha is said in the Heimskringla to have married Norwegian pirate king Olaf Tryggvason, but she was probably a daughter of Amlaíb Cuarán.[9] Following Sitriuc's death, Amlaíb may have become king in York for a short time,[10] but if he did it came to an end when Æthelstan took over the kingdom of Northumbria and defeated Sitriuc's brother Gofraid. According to William of Malmesbury, Amlaíb fled to Ireland while his uncle Gofraid made a second unsuccessful attempt to gain control of York.[11] In 937 an attack on Æthelstan's kingdom by Gofraid's son Amlaíb, assisted by Constantín mac Áeda, the king of Alba, and Owen, the king of Strathclyde, ended in defeat at the battle of Brunanburh.[12] William of Malmesbury wrote that Amlaíb was present at Brunanburh and spied out the English camp the night before the battle disguised as a skald.[13] King Æthelstan died in 939 and his successor, his half-brother Edmund, was unable to keep control of York. Amlaíb mac Gofrith, ruling in Dublin, crossed to Britain where he was accepted as king of the Northumbrians. He died in 941, shortly after sacking the church of Saint Baldred at Tyninghame, struck dead by the saint's power according to the Historia de Sancto Cuthberto.[14] This traditional view of Amlaíb mac Gofrith's later career has recently been disputed by Kevin Halloran.[15] The basic argument presented is that Amlaíb mac Gofrith did not rule in York and the suggestion that only one Amlaíb, Amlaíb Cuarán, was king there may explain some of the apparent anomalies in the numismatic record. York Scandinavian settlements in 10th century Ireland Amlaíb Cuarán's career began in 941, following the death of his cousin Amlaíb mac Gofrith, when he became co-ruler of York, sharing power with his cousin Ragnall son of Gofraid. According to the Annals of Clonmacnoise, Amlaíb had been in Britain since 940, having left another son of Gofraid, Blácaire, as ruler of Dublin.[16] Amlaíb and Ragnall ruled in York until 944. The dating of events in period between the death of Æthelstan and the expulsion of Amlaíb and Ragnall is uncertain as the various versions of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle are in conflict. It appears that after Æthelstan's death, not only did Edmund lose control of Northumbria, but that the Five Burghs of the Mercian Danelaw also pledged themselves to Amlaíb mac Gofrith.[17] One of the Amlaíbs stormed Tamworth according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Here Olaf broke down Tamworth and a great slaughter fell on either side, and the Danes had the victory and led much war-booty away with them. Wulfrun was seized in the raid. Here King Edmund besieged King Olaf and Archbishop Wulfstan in Leicester, and he might have controlled them had they not escaped from the stronghold in the night.[18] It is not clear when in the period between 940 and 943 these events took place, and as a result historians disagree as to whether they concern Amlaíb mac Gofrith or Amlaíb Cuarán.[19] Edmund reconquered the Five Burghs in 942, an event celebrated in verse by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The Chronicle reports the baptism of Amlaíb, with King Edmund becoming his godfather.[20] This need not mean that Amlaíb was not already a Christian, nor would such a baptism have permanently committed him to Christianity, as such baptisms were often political acts. Alfred the Great, for example, had sponsored the confirmation of Christian Welsh king Anarawd ap Rhodri.[21] Amlaíb was expelled from the kingship of York in 944. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that "King Edmund conquered all Northumbria and caused to flee away two kings [or "royally-born men"], Olaf and Rægnald".[22] It is possible that rivalry between Amlaíb and Ragnall contributed to their fall.[23] Æthelweard's history reports that Amlaíb was deposed by a coup led by Wulfstan, Archbishop of York, and an unnamed Mercian ealdorman.[24] Congalach and Ruaidrí After being driven out of Northumbria, Amlaíb returned to Ireland while Ragnall may have been killed at York.[25] The Uí Ímair in Ireland had also suffered in 944 as Dublin was sacked that year by the High King of Ireland Congalach Cnogba, whose power base lay in Brega, north of Dublin on the lower reaches of the River Boyne. The following year, perhaps as a result of the sack of Dublin, Amlaíb's cousin Blácaire was driven out and Amlaíb replaced him as ruler of Dublin. Amlaíb was allied with Congalach and may have gained power with his assistance.[26] Congalach and Amlaíb fought against Ruaidrí ua Canannáin, a rival for the High Kingship who belonged to the Cenél Conaill, based in modern County Donegal. In 945 the two defeated part of Ruaidrí's army in Conaille Muirtheimne (modern County Louth) and the following year Amlaíb raided Kilcullen in the province of Leinster. In 947 Ruaidrí routed Congalach and Amlaíb at Slane. Losses among the Dublin men were heavy, with many drowning while fleeing the battle. This defeat appears to have lost Amlaíb his kingship, as the annals record that Blácaire not Amlaíb was the leader of the Dublin forces in the following year. Blácaire was killed in 948 by Congalach, and was succeeded by Amlaíb's brother Gofraid.[27] A second style of penny from York from Amlaíb's time, moneyer Æthelfrith, the obverse shows a bird, presumed to be a Raven, the reverse a cross. York again The course of events in Northumbria while Amlaíb was in Ireland is uncertain. While Edmund certainly controlled Northumbria after Amlaíb was expelled and Ragnall killed, he may soon after have lost control of the north to a Scandinavian king named Eiríkr, usually identified with Eric Bloodaxe.[28] If Erik did rule in Northumbria before Edmund's death, it was only for a short time. Edmund was killed in 946, and succeeded by his brother Eadred. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Eadred "reduced all the land of Northumbria to his control; and the Scots granted him oaths that they would do all that he wanted".[29] The Northumbrian submission to Eadred led to a meeting with the notables of York led by Archbishop Wulfstan in 947, but the following year King Erik was back ruling Northumbria and Eadred laid waste to the southern parts of the kingdom— Ripon is mentioned as a particular target—to force the Northumbrians to expel Erik, which they did.[30] The following year, 949, by which time Blacáire was dead and Amlaíb's brother ruling in Dublin, the Northumbrians invited Amlaíb to rule in York.[31] His return to England may have been with Eadred's agreement.[32] That year Máel Coluim mac Domnaill, the king of Alba, raided Northumbria as far south as the River Tees, capturing many slaves and much loot. Whether this invasion was directed against Amlaíb, or perhaps intended to support him by plundering only northern Northumbria which may have been outwith his control, is uncertain. A second invasion from the north in 952, this time an alliance including Máel Coluim's Scots and also Britons and Saxons, was defeated. Again, whether this was aimed against Amlaíb, who was deposed in 952 and replaced by Erik, or was mounted against King Erik in support of Amlaíb, is unclear. Erik's reign was short and the Viking kingdom of York was definitively incorporated into the kingdom of the English on his death in 954. Amlaíb returned to Ireland, never again to rule in York.[33] From Dublin to Iona In 951, while Amlaíb was in Britain his brother Gofraid died in Dublin of disease.[34] Congalach's rival Ruaidrí was also dead, leaving Amlaíb's former ally as undisputed High King and thus a serious threat to Dublin and the south-eastern Irish kingdom of Leinster. This threat was perhaps what led to Congalach's death in an ambush at Dún Ailinne (modern County Kildare) or at Tech Guigenn in the region of the River Liffey while collecting tribute in Leinster in 956.[35] The main beneficiary was the brother of Amlaíb's new wife Dúnflaith, Domnall ua Néill, who became the next High King of Ireland. The marriage linked Amlaíb not only to the northern Uí Néill kindred of Cenél nEógain, but also to the southern Clann Cholmáin as he was now stepfather to Dúnflaith's young son Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill.[36] In the early 960s Amlaíb Cuarán probably faced a challenge from the sons of his cousin Amlaíb mac Gofrith. In 960 the Annals of Ulster report that Cammán, son of Amlaíb mac Gofrith, was defeated at an unidentifiable place named Dub. Two years later one Sitriuc Cam—Cam means crooked or twisted and Cammán is simply the hypocoristic form of this byname, so that Sitriuc Cam and Cammán are presumed to be the same person—was defeated by the Dubliners led by Amlaíb Cuarán and the Leinstermen while raiding in Leinster. Amlaíb Cuarán was wounded in the battle but Sitriuc fled to his ships. Sitriuc and his brothers appear to have raided Munster after this, but disappear from the record soon afterwards and do not appear to have returned to Ireland.[37] Amlaíb's activities in the early 960s seem largely to have been limited to occasional raids in Leinster. He attacked Kildare in 964, and it was a target again in 967 when Muiredach mac Faeláin, abbot of Kildare, a member of Uí Dúnlainge kindred which ruled Leinster, was killed by Amlaíb and Cerball mac Lorcáin, a kinsman of Muiredach's. Another raid south in 964 ended in a heavy defeat for Amlaíb near Inistogue (modern County Kildare) at the hands of the Osraige.[38] Until the late 960s Domnall ua Néill, Congalach's successor as would-be High King, was occupied with enemies close to home, and in Connacht and Munster, and did not intervene in Leinster or the hinterlands of Dublin. Having defeated these, in 968 he marched south and plundered Leinster, killing several notables, and laid siege to Dublin for two months. While Domnall did not take the port, he carried off a great many cattle. Amlaíb, allied with the king of Leinster Murchad mac Finn, retaliated by attacking the abbey of Kells in 969. A pursuit by ua Néill's allies was defeated near Ardmulchan (County Meath).[39] In 970 Domnall ua Néill and his allies attacked Amlaíb's new-found ally, Congalach's son Domnall, the king of Brega. Domnall mac Congalaig was married to a daughter of Amlaíb, perhaps at about this time. Churches in Brega, including Monasterboice and Dunleer, guarded by Amlaíb's soldiers, were a particular target of the raids. Domnall of Brega and Amlaíb fought against Domnall ua Néill's northern army at Kilmona in modern County Westmeath. Domnall's army, which included allies from Ulaid was defeated, and Ardgal mac Matudáin, king of Ulaid, and Cináed mac Crongilla, king of Conaille Muirtheimne, were among those killed. The battle at Kilmona did not end the war in the midlands. Monasterboice and Dunleer were burned after the battle and fighting spread to the lands of Clann Cholmáin the following year when Domnall ua Néill's enemies there drove him out, only for him to return with an army and ravage both Mide and the lands around Dublin before marching south to attack Leinster. This campaign appears to have established Domnall ua Néill as effective overlord of the midlands and Leinster for some years.[40] In 977, in unknown circumstances, Domnall ua Néill's sons Congalach and Muirchertach were killed and Amlaíb is given credit for their deaths by the annals. Domnall made no effort to avenge the deaths, retiring to the monastery at Armagh where he died in 980. The Dubliners campaigned against Leinster the late 970s. The overking of Leinster, Úgaire mac Túathail, was captured in 976. He was evidently ransomed or released as he was killed, along with Muiredach mac Riain of Uí Cheinnselaig of south Leinster, fighting against the Dubliners in 978 at Belan (County Kildare). Úgaire's successor Domnall Claen was little more fortunate, being captured by the Dubliners the following year.[41] Following the death of High King Domnall ua Néill, Amlaíb's stepson Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill claimed the title. Amlaíb's former ally Domnall son of Congalach had died in 976, removing one potential rival, and as Amlaíb had killed two of Domnall ua Néill's sons he may have cleared the way for Máel Sechnaill to take power. If so, it was unlikely to be by design. Máel Sechnaill had become king of Mide and head of Clann Cholmáin in 975 and had inaugurated his reign with an attack on his stepfather when he burned "Thor's Wood" outside Dublin. In 980 Máel Sechnaill had the support of the Leinstermen when he faced Amlaíb's sons— Amlaíb himself was by now an old man—near the hill of Tara. The Dubliners too had allies as the Irish annals record the presence of warriors from the Isle of Man or the Hebrides. Amlaíb's son Ragnall (Rögnvaldr) was among the dead in the battle which followed, and although several kings fighting alongside Máel Sechnaill were killed, the result was clearly a crushing blow for Dublin. Máel Sechnaill occupied the city and imposed a heavy tribute on the citizens.[42] In the aftermath of this defeat Amlaíb abdicated, or was removed from power. He was replaced by a son named Glúniairn (Járnkné), a son of Dúnlaith and thus Máel Sechnaill's half-brother. Amlaíb retired to the monastery on Iona where he died soon afterwards.[43] Marriages and children He was succeeded by his son Glúniairn (Járnkné, literally "Iron Knee"), son of his wife Dúnlaith, daughter of Muirchertach mac Néill. Among his wives was Gormflaith, daughter of Murchad mac Finn, King of Leinster, and future wife of Brian Boru. Gormflaith's son Sitric Silkbeard was king of Dublin after Glúniairn's death. Amlaíb's other children included Gytha, who married Olaf Tryggvason, Máel Muire, who married Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, and Harald, possibly the grandfather of Godred Crovan.[44] Cuarán Amlaíb's byname, cuarán, is usually translated as "sandal" or "shoe". It derives from the Old Irish word cúar meaning bent or crooked. It is first applied to him in the report of the battle of Slane in 947 in the Annals of Ulster. The usual translation may be misleading. The epithet probably refers to a distinctive style of footwear. Benjamin Hudson points to the description of a cuarán in a twelfth-century satire, where it is made of leather folded seven times and has a pointed toe. In Aislinge Meic Con Glinne and Scél Baili Binnbérlaig, the cuarán is waterproof. In the first story Mac Con Glinne cleans his by dipping them in his bath; in the second, a cuarán serves as a vessel to drink from. That the cuarán was a piece of footwear specific to Dublin is suggested by statements in other stories that have cobblers in the town owing a cuarán in taxes.[45] Icelandic sagas Amlaíb Cuarán (Olaf Kvaran) is referred to at least twice in the Icelandic sagas, once in Njal's Saga and again in Saga of Gunnlaugr Serpent-Tongue [46] It is from these references that Einar Hjorleifsson Kvaran and his siblings chose the name "Kvaran" as their own. Notes 1. In Old English he was Anlaf. To Irish speakers he may also have been Amlaíb mac ua Ímair or Amlaíb ua Ímair but others shared these names. Likewise, his Norse nickname, "Olaf the Red" was applied to several Norse rulers in Ireland and the Isles. 2. Keynes, "Vikings in England", pp. 50–51; Ó Corráin, "Ireland, Wales, Man, and the Hebrides", pp. 83–85. 3. Keynes, "Vikings in England", pp. 51–52; Ó Corráin, "Ireland, Wales, Man, and the Hebrides", pp. 84–89. 4. Ó Cróinín, Early Medieval Ireland, pp. 250–254, discusses Ímar's career and the various agruments. See also Woolf, Pictland to Alba, chapter 2; Downham, Viking Kings, chapters 1–3, especially pp. 17–23 & 64 –67. Ó Corráin, "Vikings in Scotland and Ireland", passim, sets out the case against the identification. 5. Thus Downham, Viking Kings, p. 29, figure 6. Cyril Hart's contributions to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography make Ragnall, Sitriuc and Gofraid brothers; likewise Hudson, Viking Pirates, p. 31, figure 1, makes these three brothers, sons ofG uthred. 6. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 27–35. 7. According to William of Malmesbury, who states that he did not know the princess's name, she was Æthelstan's full sister, daughter of Edward the Elder and his first wife Ecgwynn, John of Wallingford gives her name as Orgiue, perhaps Eadgifu; Hudson, Viking Pirates, pp. 28–29. 8. Hudson, Viking Pirates, p. 31, figure 1, shows only Gofraid; Downham, Viking Kings, p. 29, figure 6 & pp. 245, 247, 254 & 269; Annals of Clonmacnoise, s.a. 931. 9. Hart, "Sihtric Cáech"; "Saga of Olaf Tryggvason", chapter 32, Heimskringla, pp. 171–173; Hudson, Viking Pirates, p. 31, figure 1 & p. 84. 10. Thus Keynes, "Rulers of the English", p. 505. 11. Downham, Viking Kings, p. 100; Hudson, Viking Pirates, p. 29; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 151. Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson", presumes Amlaíb to have been born in York, in which case he was a child at this time. 12. Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 168–173; Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 103–105; Hudson, Viking Pirates, page numbers to be supplied. 13. Hudson, Viking Pirates, pp. 30–31; Hudson states: "If there is any historical basis to this story, Olaf Cuaran is clearly confused with his cousin ...". 14. Hudson, "Óláf Guthfrithson"; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 174. 15. Halloran, Kevin (September 2013)." Anlaf Gufthrithson at York: A Non-existent Kingship?" (htt p://www.maneyonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/0078172X 13Z.00000000042). Northern History. University of Leeds. 50 (2): 180–185. doi:10.1179/0078172X13Z.00000000042 (https://doi.o rg/10.1179%2F0078172X13Z.00000000042). 16. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 43, 241 & 248; Costambeys, "Ragnall Guthfrithson"; Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson"; Hudson, Viking Pirates, pp. 33–34; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 181; Annals of Clonmacnoise, s.a. 933. 17. Higham, "Five Boroughs"; Higham,K ingdom of Northumbria, p. 193; Miller, "Edmund"; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 174; but that either Amlaíb controlled the Mercian Danelaw is questioned by Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 108–109. 18. Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, p. 111, Ms. D, s.a. 943. 19. The events are associated with Amlaíb mac Gofrith by Higham, Kingdom of Northumbria, p. 193; Miller, "Edmund"; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 174. Others, such as Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, p. 111, note 11; Downham, Viking Kings, p. 110; Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson", associate them with Amlaíb Cuarán. 20. Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 110–111, Ms. A, s.a. 942, Ms. D, s.a. 942 & 943. References Costambeys, Marios; Harrison, B. (2004), "Ragnall Guthfrithson (fl. 943–944)"O, xford Dictionary of National Biography, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23314, retrieved 2007-10-25 Downham, Clare (2007), Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014, Edinburgh: Dunedin, ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0, OCLC 163618313 Etchingham, Colman (2007), "Viking age Gwynedd and Ireland: political relations", in Januklak, Karen; Wooding, Jonathan M., Ireland and Wales in the Middle Ages, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 149–167,I SBN 978-1-85182-748-0, OCLC 52919358 Hall, R. A. (2001), "A kingdom too far: York in the early tenth century", in Higham, N. J.; Hill, D. H.E, dward the Elder 899–924, London: Routledge, pp. 188–199,I SBN 0-415-21497-1, OCLC 45313225 Hall, R. A. (1999), "York", in Lapidge, Michael, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 497–499,I SBN 0-631-22492-0, OCLC 185380798 Higham, N. J. (1999), "Five Boroughs", in Lapidge, MichaelT, he Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon Englan,d Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 186,I SBN 0-631-22492-0, OCLC 185380798 Higham, N. J. (1993), The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–100, Stroud: Sutton, ISBN 0-86299-730-5, OCLC 25551623 Hudson, Benjamin T.; Harrison, B. (2004), "Óláf Guthfrithson (d. 941)"O, xford Dictionary of National Biography, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20670, retrieved 2007-10-25 Hudson, Benjamin T.; Harrison, B. (2004), "Óláf Sihtricson c(.926–981)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25544, retrieved 2007-10-25 Hudson, Benjamin T. (2005), Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynast,y Religion and Empire in the North Atlantic, Oxford: Oxford University Press,I SBN 0-19-516237-4, OCLC 55286670 21. Asser's Life of King Alfred the Great. Thus Hudson, Viking Pirates, p. 34. Regarding the confirmation, Hudson describes it as "... a politically motivated act ... a recognised means of sealing an alliance with a dominant individual ...". Ragnall was baptised some time later according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 22. Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 110–111, Ms. A, s.a. 944, Ms. E., s.a. 944. 23. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 46 & 111–112; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 182. 24. Hudson, Viking Pirates, p. 35; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 182, suggests that the unnamed Mercian leader was Æthelstan Half-King. 25. Costambeys, "Ragnall"; Downham,V iking Kings, p. 46; the killing of Ragnall is reported in theA nnals of Clonmacnoise, s.a. 937. 26. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 46, 241 & 248; Hudson, Viking Pirates, pp. 35–36. 27. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 46–47 & 241; Hudson, Viking Pirates, pp 36–37; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 186. 28. For a contrary view of Erik's identity see Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 115–120 and Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 187–188. 29. Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 112–113, Mss A & D, s.a. 946, Ms. E, s.a. 948. 30. Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 112–113, Ms D, s.a. 947 & 948. 31. Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 112–113, Ms E, s.a. 949. 32. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 114–115. 33. Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 178–190; Hudson, Viking pirates, pp. 37–38; Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 153– 155. 34. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 47 & 254; Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson". 35. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 48 & 241; Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson". 36. Hudson, "Domnall ua Néill"; Hudson,V iking Pirates, page numbers needed. 37. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 48–49, 184–185, 242, 249, 263 & 269; check Hudson,V iking Pirates. 38. [Muiredach, see Byrne, "Church and politics", @673?] Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 50 & 242; Hudson, "Domnall ua Néill". 39. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 50 & 242; Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson"; Hudson, "Domnall ua Néill". 40. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 50–51 & 242; Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson"; Hudson, "Domnall ua Néill". Check Viking Pirates also. 41. Downham, Viking Kings, p. 51; Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson"; Annals of Tigernach, AT 976.3, 977.1, 978.2 & 979.2. Domnall Claen may have been a personal enemy of Amlaíb as he had killed Amlaíb's father-in-law Murchad mac Finn "deceitfully" in 972; Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson"; Annals of Ulster, AU 972.2. 42. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 51–52 & 190; Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson"; Hudson, "Máel Sechnaill"; Hudson, Viking Pirates, page numbers needed. 43. Downham, Viking Kings, pp. 51–53; Hudson, "Óláf Sihtricson"; Hudson, Viking Pirates, page numbers needed. Only son by Dúnlaith? 44. Downham, Viking Kings, p. 29, figure 6; Hudson, Viking Pirates, p. 49, figure 2 & p. 83, figure 3; Etchingam, "Gwynedd and Ireland", p. 167, fig. 7.1. 45. Hudson, Viking Pirates, pp. 36–37. 46. GunnlaugsSaga Ormstungu/The Story of Gunnlaug Serpent-Tongue, Notes by P.G. Foote translated by R. Quirk, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd. London, 1957, p. 18 Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Olaf. Keynes, Simon (1999), "Rulers of the Englishc, .450–1066", in Lapidge, Michael,T he Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 500–516I, SBN 0-631-22492-0, OCLC 185380798 Keynes, Simon (1997), "The Vikings in England, c.790–1016", in Sawyer, Peter, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 48–82I, SBN 0-19-285434-8, OCLC 45338877 Keynes, Simon (1999), "Wulfstan I", in Lapidge, Michael,T he Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon Englan,d Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 492–493I, SBN 0-631-22492-0, OCLC 185380798 Miller, Sean (1999), "Edmund", in Lapidge, MichaelT, he Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon Englan,d Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 159–160,I SBN 0-631-22492-0, OCLC 185380798 Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (1997), "Ireland, Wales, Man, and the Hebrides", in Sawye,r Peter, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 83–109I, SBN 0-19-285434-8, OCLC 45338877 Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (1998)," The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century "(PDF), Peritia, 12: 296–339, retrieved 2007-12-01 Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí (1996),E arly Medieval Ireland 400–1200, Longman History of Ireland, London: LongmanI, SBN 0- 582-01565-0, OCLC 185365556 Stenton, Frank M. (1971), Anglo-Saxon England (3rd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press,I SBN 0-19-280139-2, OCLC 185499725 Sturluson, Snorri (1964), Hollander, Lee M., ed., Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway, Austin: University of Texas Press, ISBN 0-292-73061-6, OCLC 123332200 Swanton, Michael (1996), The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, New York: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-92129-5, OCLC 214956905 Woolf, Alex (2007), From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-0-7486-1234-5, OCLC 123113911 External links Olaf 4 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England Regnal titles Preceded by Olaf Guthfrithson (also known as Amlaíb mac Gofrith) King of Northumbria with Ragnall? 941–944 Succeeded by Ragnall or English control Preceded by Blácaire mac Gofrith King of Dublin 945–947 Succeeded by Blácaire mac Gofrith Preceded by English control? King of Northumbria 949–952 Succeeded by Erik Bloodaxe Preceded by Gofraid mac Sitriuc King of Dublin 952–980 Succeeded by Glúniairn Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amlaíb_Cuarán&oldid=740763010" Categories: 927 births 981 deaths Monarchs of Dublin Monarchs of Jorvik 10th-century English monarchs People from County Dublin Norse-Gaels 10th-century Irish monarchs Uí Ímair This page was last edited on 23 September 2016, at 04:01. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. | Sitric, Amlaíb mac (I26367)
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| 6374 | Old Cemetery | Stauffer, Fredericke (I27414)
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| 6375 | Old Dorton Fort in Washington County, VA | Dorton, William F Sr (I31676)
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| 6376 | Old Soldiers Home | Wald, Adolph Gustav (I11290)
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| 6377 | Old William Kahle Homeplace | Kahle, Sophie Elizabeth Lizzie" (I11271)
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| 6378 | Oldest son of George Washington Albin per Evelyn Harris Grimes | Albin, James Wilson (I17773)
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| 6379 | Oleg of Novgorod (Old East Slavic: Ѡлегъ;[1] Old Norse: Helgi;[2] Russian: Олег Вещий, romanized: Oleg Veshchy, lit. 'Oleg the Prophet'; Ukrainian: Олег Віщий) was a Rurikid prince who ruled all or part of the Rus' people during the late 9th and early 10th centuries. He is credited by Rus' Chronicles with moving from either Staraya Ladoga (Old Norse: Aldeigjuborg) or Novgorod, and seizing power in Kiev (Kyiv) from Askold and Dir, and, by doing so, laying the foundation of the powerful state of Kievan Rus'. He also launched an attack on Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. According to East Slavic chronicles, Oleg was the supreme ruler of the Rus' from 882 to 912. This traditional dating has been challenged by some historians, who point out that it is inconsistent with such other sources as the Schechter Letter, which mentions the activities of a certain khagan HLGW (Hebrew: הלגו usually transcribed Helgu) of Rus' as late as the 940s, during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Romanus I. The nature of Oleg's relationship with the Rurikid ruling family of the Rus', and specifically with his successor Igor of Kiev, is a matter of much controversy among historians. According to the Primary Chronicle, Oleg was a relative (likely brother-in-law) of the first ruler, Rurik, and was entrusted by Rurik to take care of both his kingdom and his young son Igor. Oleg gradually took control of the Dnieper cities, seizing the power in Kiev by tricking and slaying Askold and Dir, and naming Kiev the capital of his newly created state Kievan Rus'. The new capital was a convenient place to launch a raid against Constantinople in 907.[3] In 883, Prince Oleg of Novgorod made the Drevlians pay tribute to Kiev. In 907, the Drevlians took part in the Kievan military campaign against the Byzantine Empire. According to the chronicle, Oleg, assaulting the city, ordered to wait for favorable wind with sails spread at some other point. When wind arose, it drove the wheeled boats towards the city through the land. The citizens were forced to start peace negotiation. Having fixed his shield to the gate of the imperial capital, Oleg won a favourable trade treaty, which eventually was of great benefit to both nations. Although Byzantine sources did not record these hostilities, the text of the treaty survives in the Chronicle. Viktor Vasnetsov. Oleg being mourned by his warriors (1899). The Primary Chronicle's brief account of Oleg's life contrasts with other early sources, specifically the Novgorod First Chronicle, which states that Oleg was not related to Rurik, and was rather a Scandinavian client-prince who served as Igor's army commander. The Novgorod First Chronicle does not give the date of the commencement of Oleg's reign, but dates his death to 922 rather than 912.[4] Scholars have contrasted this dating scheme with the "epic" reigns of roughly thirty-three years for both Oleg and Igor in the Primary Chronicle.[5] The Primary Chronicle and other Kievan sources place Oleg's grave in Kiev, while Novgorodian sources identify a funerary barrow in Ladoga as Oleg's final resting place.[6] Legend of the death of Oleg the Prophet[edit] The reputed burial mound for Oleg of Novgorod; Volkhov River near Staraya Ladoga. In the Primary Chronicle, Oleg is known as the Prophet (вещий), an epithet alluding to the sacred meaning of his Norse name ("priest"). According to the legend, romanticised by Alexander Pushkin in his ballad "The Song of the Wise Oleg,"[7] it was prophesied by the pagan priests (volkhvs) that Oleg would take death from his stallion. To defy the prophecies, Oleg sent the horse away. Many years later he asked where his horse was, and was told it had died. He asked to see the remains and was taken to the place where the bones lay. When he touched the horse's skull with his boot a snake slithered from the skull and bit him. Oleg died, thus fulfilling the prophecy. Oleg's death has been interpreted as a distorted variant of the threefold death theme in Indo-European myth and legend, with prophecy, the snake and the horse representing the three functions: the prophecy is associated with sovereignty, the horse with warriors, and the serpent with reproduction.[8] In Scandinavian traditions, this legend lived on in the saga of Orvar-Odd. Oleg of the Schechter Letter[edit] According to the Primary Chronicle, Oleg died in 912 and his successor, Igor of Kiev, ruled from then until his assassination in 945. The Schechter Letter,[9] a document written by a Jewish Khazar, a contemporary of Romanus I Lecapenus, describes the activities of a Rus' warlord named HLGW (Hebrew: הלגו), usually transcribed as "Helgu".[10] For years many scholars disregarded or discounted the Schechter Letter account, which referred to Helgu (often interpreted as Oleg) as late as the 940s.[11] Recently, however, scholars such as David Christian and Constantine Zuckerman have suggested that the Schechter Letter's account is corroborated by various other Russian chronicles, and suggests a struggle within the early Rus' polity between factions loyal to Oleg and to the Rurikid Igor, a struggle that Oleg ultimately lost.[12] Zuckerman posited that the early chronology of the Rus' had to be re-determined in light of these sources. Among Zuckerman's beliefs and those of others who have analyzed these sources are that the Khazars did not lose Kiev until the early 10th century (rather than 882, the traditional date[13]), that Igor was not Rurik's son but rather a more distant descendant, and that Oleg did not immediately follow Rurik, but rather that there is a lost generation between the legendary Varangian lord and his documented successors.[14] Of particular interest is the fact that the Schechter Letter account of Oleg's death (namely, that he fled to and raided FRS, tentatively identified with Persia,[15] and was slain there) bears remarkable parallels to the account of Arab historians such as Ibn Miskawayh, who described a similar Rus' attack on the Muslim state of Arran in the year 944/5.[16] Attempts to reconcile the accounts[edit] Prince Oleg Approached by Pagan Priests, a Kholuy illustration to Pushkin's ballad. In contrast to Zuckerman's version, the Primary Chronicle and the later Kiev Chronicle place Oleg's grave in Kiev, where it could be seen at the time of the compilation of these documents. Furthermore, scholars have pointed out that if Oleg succeeded Rurik in 879 (as the East Slavic chronicles assert), he could hardly have been active almost 70 years later, unless he had a life-span otherwise unheard of in medieval annals, except for the funny fact that the Saga of Örvar Odd's Saga actually does state that Oleg, if identical to Örvar-Oddr lived for three hundred years (360 years as hundred mostly meant 120 in Norse)[1]. To solve these difficulties, it has been proposed that the pagan monarch-priests of Rus' used the hereditary title of helgu, standing for "holy" in the Norse language, and that Igor and others held this title.[17] It has also been suggested that Helgu-Oleg who waged war in the 940s was distinct from both of Rurik's successors. He could have been one of the "fair and great princes" recorded in the Russo-Byzantine treaties of 911 and 944 or one of the "archons of Rus" mentioned in De administrando imperio.[18] Regrettably, the Primary Chronicle does not specify the relations between minor Rurikid princes active during the period, although the names Rurik, Oleg and Igor were recorded among the late-10th-century and 11th-century Rurikids. Georgy Vernadsky even identified the Oleg of the Schechter Letter with Igor's otherwise anonymous eldest son, whose widow Predslava is mentioned in the Russo-Byzantine treaty of 944.[19] Alternatively, V. Ya. Petrukhin speculated that Helgu-Oleg of the 940s was one of the vernacular princes of Chernigov, whose ruling dynasty maintained especially close contacts with Khazaria, as the findings at the Black Grave, a large royal kurgan excavated near Chernigov, seem to testify.[20] His parents are unknown. | of Novgorod, Prince Oleg (I34398)
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| 6380 | Oliver Saint John (b. 1400, d. 1440) Oliver Saint John (son of John De Saint John and Elizabeth Paulett) was born 1400 in Bletsoe,,Bedfordshire,England, and died 1440 in Penmark,,Gloucestershire,England. He married Margaret Beachamp on 1424 in Bletsoe,,Bedfordshire,England, daughter of John Beauchamp and Elizabeth Stourton. Oliver Saint John and Margaret Beachamp: Marriage: 1424, Bletsoe,,Bedfordshire,England. Children of Oliver Saint John and Margaret Beachamp are: +John Saint John, b. 1426, Bletsoe,,Bedfordshire,England, d. 1488, Bletsoe,,Bedfordshire,England. | St John, Sir Oliver (I25700)
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| 6381 | At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Gholson, Olivia Grace (I17817)
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| 6382 | OM Sgt Company F, 2nd Regiment Missouri Infantry Spanish American War. | Westerman, John William (I10837)
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| 6383 | Omaha Daily Bee, March 6, 1917, Page 3: LAWRENCE S. STEGNER, prominent building contractor and a resident of Omaha for the last twenty years, died Sunday evening at his residence, 3012 Miami street, of Bright's disease. He was 64 years of age. Mr. Stegner is survived by a daughter, Miss Louise Stegner, a teacher in the Omaha High school, and a son, Con S., manager of the clothing department of the Nebraska Clothing company. Besides his wife, he is also survived by a married daughter, Mrs. Robert A. Heitman of Chicago. Omaha Daily Bee, March 6, 1917, Page 8: STEGNER - Lawrence S., at his residence, 3012 Miami St., Monday morning, aged 64 years. Funeral from Hillside Congregational church, 30th and Ohio Sts., Wednesday, March 7, at 2 p. m. Interment Forest Lawn cemetery. | Stegner, Lawrence Samuel (I5199)
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| 6384 | On 04 Jan 1733 in Meiningen he married Maria Margaretha Meyfarth who was from Salzungen. | Dreyße, Johannes Daniel Salomo (I30928)
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| 6385 | On 05 Jun 1860 was living in Springfield Township, Henry County, Missouri Census Records: US, MO, Cooper, 1860, Birthplace could be Pulaski or Vernon County, Missouri. | Bronaugh, Margaret (I3683)
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| 6386 | On 07 May 1308 he was assaulted on the job in Norwich, England | Hales, Sir Roger (I25432)
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| 6387 | On 21 Mar 1789 own "Stinking Quarter" near Kimesville, Guilford, North Carolina on 02 Oct 1805 he sold land in Guildford County, North Carolina. | Kime, Philip Henry (I26481)
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| 6388 | On 23 Mar 1920, living in Neosho Township, Cherokee County, Kansas | Densman, Joseph William (I13904)
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| 6389 | On 25 Dec 1660 saw the administration of the Last Supper in Wiltwyck (Kingston). This was the first Christmas ce | de Jongh, Wyntje Ariens (I27343)
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| 6390 | On a Street | Gerhardt, Elmer August (I20436)
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| 6391 | On August 23, 1728, Captain John Coultas' ship Mortonhouse reached Philadelphia after a long voyage from the Dutch port of Rotterdam that included a stop at the port of Deal on the southeast coast of England near the entrance to the English Channel. Among the 205 men, women, and children on board was Christofel Bankert, his wife, Anna Eva (Shriver [? According to family tradition]), four of their five daughters (Maria Salome, Juliana, Anna Margaretha, and Margaretha Elenora), and one surviving son, Johann Jacob, who was born in 1717. Another daughter, Anna Maria, came to America later, in 1752. Christofel and his family were from Wachenheim, a small town in the Rheinland- Palatinate. Born around 1680, in 1695 Christofel was considered a "servant" and "day laborer," later a "tenant" on the farm of Dr. Emrich of Spire in Wachenheim. He owned a house that was burned down in time of war. In 1718 he was a tenant on the farm of Baron von Sax, a successor of Dr. Emrich. The Conewago Settlement was a colony, made up of mostly Germans, located in the southeastern part of York County (what is now Adams County), Pennsylvania. The long-standing border disputes between the Penn’s (Pennsylvania) and the Calvert’s (Maryland) were the cause of the first settlers coming into the region. It is believed that the Bankert's first settled in one of the German communities just outside of Philadelphia; Germantown being the most likely settlement. Then about 1731 (according to miscellaneous documents) the Christophel Bankert family became one of the first families to settle in the Hanover-Littlestown area of Pennsylvania. Littlestown, or Petersburg, located in the extreme southwestern portion of Digges’ tract, was part of the Conewago Settlement. It is probably the oldest town in what is now Adams County, having been laid out in 1765 by Peter Klein (or Little) from whom it received its name, fifteen years before James Gettys laid out Gettysburg and one year after Richard McAllister founded Hanover. Peter Little is buried in the Old Christ Church Cemetery to the east of Littlestown. The place was first called Petersburg; but, to avoid confusion with similar named towns, people called it Littles Town, and thus it remained. Adams County was formed from part of York County thirty-five years later in 1800. | Bankert, Christophel (I31898)
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| 6392 | On his death certificate, his fatehr is listed as Simon Gerhardt. | Gerhardt, Heinrich Sr (I13048)
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| 6393 | On John M's death certificate it says fathers name was John. On Ferdinand's death certificate it says fathers name was Joseph. | THOMA, John (I18746)
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| 6394 | On or around 16 Oct 1897, Emma had an eye operation at her home. S 17 Jun 1893 - Emma, Louise & Della Wald opened ice cream parlors in Dahl building on Chestnut St, 4 doors east of Reil's | Wald, Emma G (I6276)
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| 6395 | On the baptism record the top half is the baptism of Paul Dannpach (Dannbach) little son, Wolfgang. The bottom half is the baptism of Christoph Thomæ little son, Michael. It was a double baptism On the death record the inscription is w(ie). h(her). Christoph Thoma sel(ig). Sohnlein. At the same place Christoph Thomæ was deceased when his little son died. Or father died before son. | Thomæ, Michael (I31532)
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| 6396 | On the baptism record the top half is the baptism of Paul Dannpach (Dannbach) little son, Wolfgang. The bottom half is the baptism of Christoph Thomæ little son, Michael. It was a double baptism | Thomæ, Michael (I31532)
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| 6397 | On the death certificate his name is given as James Louis Haller not John Louis Haller. Louis | Haller, John LOUIS (I10931)
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| 6398 | On the passenger list of the S. S. Johannesburg there is an entry: "Wilhelmine Back arrived in New Orleans on Feb 13,1857 on the ship S. S. Johannesburg". Anton Back's name is not listed. So they may have been married in the spring of 1856, and remarried in Boonville so their children would be American Citizens. Catherine Wilhelmina Sophia Geuer, was born in Hoechst, Nassau, Germany on 13-Feb-1828. Her father was Johnann Geuer, a bookbinder. He was a Catholic, born in Cologne, Germany. Her mother was Caroline Luise Muller, born in Berline and a Protestant. The Godparent was Wilhelmina Klan of Rettert. After the death of Anton she returned to the Catholic Church and was a faithful and devoted member of the Church and the Sacred Heart Society. Her obituary says she was survived by a sister in Germany. She is buried in Walnut Grove Cemetery at Boonville, Missouri. From Boonville Newspaper Deaths Mrs. Anton Back Mrs. Anton Back died at her home on West Morgan Street Monday night, March 2, 1903 at 8 o'clock, aged 75 years and 19 days. Wilhelmina Geuer was born in Germany on February 13, 1828; was married to Anton Back early in 1857, and in the fall of that year the young husband and wife became citizens of Boonville. Twenty seven years ago death entered the happy home and carried away the husband of 19 years, leaving to the care of the widowed mother the care of several small children. Guided and directed by a mother's loving heart, inspired by the thought of their future usefulness and actuated by true Christian motives as a mother, she reared these children to splendid manhood and womanhood. The children now living are: Philip and Joseph of Oklahoma Territory, Mrs. Louisa Potter, Mrs. Mary Barnett, Anton and William of Boonville. There are also 34 grandchildren and one sister, who is yet in her native country, living, to all of whom the public extends its heartfelt sympathy in their bereavement. Mrs. Back had lived in Boonville since the year 1857. Her life of almost half century among the people of this city was marked by that devotion to parental, church, and other duties as only a Christian mother and citizen can offer. Deceased was recognized as a Christian because she practiced by example as well as by precept those qualities that must be uppermost in the Christian mind and heart. She was a devout member of the Roman Catholic Church and her everyday life was convincing proof of her devotion to the doctrine of her church. The funeral service was held at the Catholic Church on Wednesday morning at 9:30 o'clock thence to Walnut Grove cemetery where the remains were interred under the direction of J. Ed Taliaferro. | Geuer, Catherine Wilhelmina Sophie (I18110)
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| 6399 | On Trip to Portugal | Henn, Georg Göhring (I29373)
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| 6400 | Once known as Cumehnen | Mörlin, Hieronymus (I30100)
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