Other Events and Attributes:

• House: gens Servilla
• FSID: G8ML-NFB

Servilia married Marcus Livius Drusus III in 100 BC in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ), and was divorced in 97 BC in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ). Marcus (son of Marcus Livius Drusus II and Cornelia Sciipionis) was born in 124 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; died in 91 BC in Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: gens Claudia
• FSID: GZF9-JRR
• Occupation: Roman Senator

Notes:

Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus (born no later than 93 BC[1] - died 42 BC) was a senator of the Roman Republic. He was born with the name Appius Claudius Pulcher, into the patrician family of the Claudii. According to Suetonius, Drusus was a direct descendant of the consul and censor Appius Claudius Caecus. He was descended from Caecus via the first Appius Claudius Pulcher, who was consul in 212 BC and Caecus's great-grandson. His daughter Livia became the wife of the first Roman Emperor Augustus, and he was a direct ancestor of the Julio-Claudian emperors Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero not through this marriage, which produced no children, but through Livia's first marriage.

Biography
Background
As a Pulchri, Claudianus was a direct descendant of the consul and censor Appius Claudius Caecus through his son Publius Claudius Pulcher. Claudianus descended via the first Appius Claudius Pulcher, who was consul in 212 BC and Publius Claudius Pulcher's son or grandson.

Antiquarian Bartolomeo Borghesi suggested that his biological father could have been either Appius Claudius Pulcher (military tribune in the year 87 BC) or the Gaius Claudius Pulcher (legate or preator in 73 BC); both of these men were sons of Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul in 130 BC).[2] Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul of 79 BC); and Gaius Claudius Pulcher (the consul of 92 BC), have been postulated by Ronald Syme.[3][a] Susan Treggiari has speculated that his mother might have been a sister of Marcus Livius Drusus the tribune, this explaining his adoption by Drusus,[5] since Drusus had at least two other nephews whom he chose Claudianus over.[b] Adopted fathers and sons were often closely related[8] and adoption of a sororal nephew was especially common in Rome.[9][10]

Early life
Little is known about the circumstances leading to Claudianus's adoption by Marcus Livius Drusus.[3] He was unusually young at the time of adoption (likely a small child, if not an infant),[11][c] as most other adoption in ancient Rome happened with the adoptee as adults. In accordance with convention, his name was changed from Appius Claudius Pulcher to Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus, in honour of his adoptive father.[12] Drusus may have been married to a Servilia at the time, whom would have been Claudianus adoptive mother.[13] Since the death of his adopted father's sister Livia Drusa, he was likely raised together with her children Servilia Major, Gnaeus Servilius Caepio, Servilia Minor, Porcia and Cato in Drusus's household.[14] Drusus was assassinated in 91 BC[15] and Claudianus presumably inherited all his immense wealth.[1]

Career
Claudianus was praetor of Rome in 50 BC and presided over a court case brought under the Lex Scantinia. Caelius, writing to Cicero, seems to find the situation ironic.[16]

In 45 BC, Cicero had purchased gardens owned by Claudianus in Rome. Claudianus was a supporter of the Roman Republic and was among those who opposed the rule and dictatorship of Julius Caesar, assassinated in 44 BC by Brutus and Cassius.

In 42 BC, Claudianus arranged for his daughter Livia Drusilla to marry his kinsman Tiberius Claudius Nero, who became the parents of future Roman Emperor Tiberius and the general Nero Claudius Drusus. Through this second grandson, Claudianus was a direct ancestor to the Roman Emperors Caligula, Claudius, and Nero.

Death
Claudianus became a supporter of Brutus and Cassius and joined them in the war against Octavian and Mark Antony. The decision would have serious consequences for him and for Livia's family. He fought alongside Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC. When Brutus and Cassius were defeated, they committed suicide. Claudianus killed himself in his tent to avoid being captured alive by the victors.

Family
Claudianus married a woman of plebeian status called Alfidia. They had at least one child: a daughter Livia Drusilla (58 BC–29). The usage of the nickname "Drusilla" might imply that she had an older sister.[17] Claudianus relatively advanced age at the time of his marriage to Alfidia could indicate that he had been married before.[1]

It is also probable that he had a biological son named Gaius Livius Drusus who had two daughters named Livia Pulchra[18] and Livia Livilla. This son may have died in battle after the assassination of Julius Caesar, or been proscribed and killed by the Second
Triumvirate.[19]

He also adopted as his son Marcus Livius Drusus Libo.[20][21] This was likely a testamentary adoption. Adoptions of that sort was mostly carried out because a man lacked legitimate sons who could carry on their name and estate,[22] perhaps implying that if Claudianus had ever had a son, he was likely dead before his father wrote his will.[d]

Family/Spouse: Alfidia Lurco. Alfidia was born in 78 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; died in 24 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 27 BC - 14 AD, Roman Republic ( 509 BC - 27 BC ); Empress of The Roman Empire
• House: gens Livia
• FSID: L6GQ-VL2

Notes:

Livia Drusilla, also known as Julia Augusta after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14, was the wife of the Roman emperor Augustus throughout his reign, as well as his adviser. She was the mother of the emperor Tiberius, paternal grandmother of the emperor Claudius, paternal great-grandmother of the emperor Caligula, and maternal great-great-grandmother of the emperor Nero. She was deified by Claudius who acknowledged her title of "Augusta."

-- Wikiwand: Livia

Livia married Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar Augustus between 37 and 41 in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy. Tiberius (son of Gaius Octavius and Appius Claudius Nero) was born in 85 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; died in 33 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; was buried in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Life Event: 11 BC; Conquered the Usipetes and the Marsai
• Life Event: 12 BC, Kingdom of the Sicambrian Franks, Gaul, Roman Empire; Subjugated the Sicambrian Franck
• FSID: LNDP-8DX
• Occupation: Governor of Gaul

Notes:

Wikiwand

Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus (January 14, 38 BC – summer of 9 BC), born Decimus Claudius Drusus,[also called Drusus Claudius Nero, Drusus, Drusus I, Nero Drusus, or Drusus the Elder was a Roman politician and military commander. He was a patrician Claudian on his birth father's side but his maternal grandmother was from a plebeian family. He was the son of Livia Drusilla and the legal stepson of her second husband, the Emperor Augustus. He was also brother of the Emperor Tiberius, father to both the Emperor Claudius and general Germanicus, paternal grandfather of the Emperor Caligula, and maternal great-grandfather of the Emperor Nero.

He launched the first major Roman campaigns across the Rhine and began the conquest of Germania, becoming the first Roman general to reach the Weser and Elbe rivers. In 12 BC, Drusus led a successful campaign into Germania, subjugating the Sicambri. Later that year he led a naval expedition against Germanic tribes along the North Sea coast, conquering the Batavi and the Frisii, and defeating the Chauci near the mouth of the Weser. In 11 BC, he conquered the Usipetes and the Marsi, extending Roman control to the Upper Weser. In 10 BC, he launched a campaign against the Chatti and the resurgent Sicambri, subjugating both. The following year, while serving as consul, he conquered the Mattiaci and defeated the Marcomanni and the Cherusci, the latter near the Elbe. However, Drusus died later that year, depriving Rome of one of its best generals.

Childhood
Drusus was the youngest son of Livia Drusilla from her marriage to Tiberius Claudius Nero, who was legally declared his father before the couple divorced. Drusus was born between mid-March and mid-April 38 BC, three months after Livia married Augustus on 17 January. Gerhard Radke has proposed the date of March 28 as his most likely birthday, while Lindsay Powell interprets Ovid's Fasti as indicating a date of 13 January. Rumors arose that Augustus was the child's real father, although this has never been authoritatively proven. Claudius, however, encouraged the rumor during his reign as emperor to create an impression of more direct lineage from Augustus.

According to Suetonius, Drusus was originally given "Decimus" as his praenomen, the first of a Roman male's conventional three names in Roman naming practice at the time. Nero was a traditional cognomen (third name) of the Claudii, whereas Drusus was given to a branch of the "gens Livia." Using a cognomen such as Nero as a first name was unusual, as was the prominence given to his maternal lineage in adopting Drusus as his cognomen.

Drusus was raised in Claudius Nero's house with his brother, the future emperor Tiberius, until his legal father's death. The two brothers developed a famously close relationship that would last the rest of their lives. Tiberius named his eldest son after his brother, and Drusus did likewise, although eldest sons were usually named after their father or grandfather.

Marriage
Drusus married Antonia Minor, the daughter of Mark Antony and Augustus' sister, Octavia Minor, and gained a reputation of being completely faithful to her. Their children were Germanicus, Claudius, a daughter named Livilla ('little Livia'), and at least two others who did not survive infancy. After Drusus' death, Antonia never remarried, though she outlived him by nearly five decades. Three emperors were direct descendants of Drusus: his son Claudius, his grandson Caligula, and his great-grandson Nero.

Drusus was returning from his advance to the Elbe when he fell from his horse,[39] lingering on for a month after the accident, by which point Tiberius had joined him. Shortly before his death he wrote a letter to Tiberius complaining about the style in which Augustus ruled.[citation needed] Suetonius reports that he had refused to return to Rome just before his death. Drusus' body was brought back to the city, and his ashes were deposited in the Mausoleum of Augustus. He remained extremely popular with the legionaries, who erected a monument (the Drususstein) in Mogontiacum (modern Mainz) on his behalf. Remnants of this are still standing.

Nero married Antonia Minor in 16 BC in Roman Empire ( 27 BC - 389 AD). Antonia (daughter of Marcus Antonius and Octavia) was born in 31 Jan 36 BC in Athínai, Attiki, Attiki, Greece; died on 1 May 37 in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy; was buried after 1 May 37 in Mausoleum of Augustus, Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]