Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9HXY-TD8

Heilwig married of Bavaria, Duke Welf I in 799 in Bayern, Germany. Welf was born in 765 in Bayern, Germany; died in 825 in Bayern, Germany; was buried in 825 in Weingarten Abbey, Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duchess of Bavaria
• Appointments / Titles: Empress of The Roman Empire
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of The Franks
• House: Welf
• FSID: LZT6-KBL

Notes:

Judith of Bavaria was the daughter of Count Welf of Bavaria and Saxon noblewoman, Hedwig. She was born about 797 in Alamannia. Her birth date is based upon the fact that she was 22 years old in December 819 when she became the second wife of Louis the Pious, Carolingian emperor and king of the Franks. Upon her marriage she became Queen of the Franks and Empress of the Romans. Judith and Louis had two children:
- Gisela, b. 820 married Eberhard of Friuli
- Charles the Bald, b. 13 June 823

In 830 while Emperor Louis was campaigning in Brittany, his sons from his first marriage moved to overthrow him. They removed their step-mother Judith from the throne, placed her in the convent of St Radegund at Poitiers, made accusations against her and tried for her 'crimes'. No one could be found to actually file charges against her, however, and she was purged of her charges. Even so she was exiled to Tortona in Italy. Louis attempted to prevent the revolt against him but was captured in 833 and held captive by his sons in Aachen. While he was imprisoned an attempted to murder Judith was prevented. Louis was restored to his throne in 834, with Judith by his side. Louis died in Ingelheim in 840. The widowed Empress supported her son Charles in his military campaigns and saw him crowned in 841. After Charles' marriage, Judith was forced into retirement, her health began to fail in 842 and she died on 19 April 843 in Tours, at about the age of 45. She was buried at the Basilica of Saint Martin, Tours. Her son Charles' first child born in 844 was a daughter, which he named Judith after his mother.
--------------------------------------------------
“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):

“LOUIS the Pious, King of Aquitaine, 781-813, Joint emperor, Emperor, 813-814, 834-840, legitimate son, born at Chasseneuil-du-Poitou in Aquitaine in 778, between 16 April and September. He married (1st) about 794 ERMENGARDE OF HASPENGAU, daughter of Ingram, Count of Haspengau. They had Lothair (I) [King of Bavaria, joint Emperor, Emperor], Pépin (or Pippin) (I) [King of Aquitaine], and Ludwig (II) [King of Bavaria, King of the Eastern Franks], and two daughters, Rotrude and Hildegarde. His wife, Ermengarde, died 3 October 818. He married (2nd) in February 819 JUDITH, daughter of Welf I, Count of Altorf, by his wife, Eigilwi (or Heilwich). She was born about 805. They had one son, Charles the Bald [King of the Western Franks, Emperor], and one daughter, Gisela (wife of Eberhard, Margrave of Friuli). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Arnulf. LOUIS the Pious (or LUDWIG der Fromme) died on an island in the Rhine near Ingelheim 20 June 840, and was buried in the church of the abbey of Saint Arnoul at Metz. His widow, Judith, died at Tours 19 April 843.

Viollet Prières et Fragments religieux (1870): 47-63. Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno 840. Ludvicus imperator 12 Kal. Iulii diem obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Necrologia Germaniæ 1) (1888): 275 (Necrologium Augiæ Divitis: "XIII kal. May [19 April] - Judit regina"), 277 (Necrologium Augiæ Divitis: "XI kal. July [21 June] - Hludowicus imperator augustus") Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Emperor Louis I dated A.D. 816 - Oval: a bust, in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Legend: + XPE PROTEGE HLVDOVVICVM IMPERATORE.), 112 (undated seal of Emperor Louis I - Oval: bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. The drapery fastened on the right shoulder with a button. Legend: + XPE PROTEGE HLVDOVVICVM IMPERATORE.). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D 840: "Hludowicus imperator moritur."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) II 6. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (sub Die Karolinger); 3(4) (1989): 736 (sub Welfen). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): II.5, III.9-III.15. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).
Children of Louis I (or Ludwig I), by Ermengarde of Haspengau:
i. LOTHAIR, King of Bavaria, King of Italy, Emperor, married ERMENGARDE OF TOURS [see Line C, Gen. 3].
Children of Louis I (or Ludwig I), by Judith of Altorf:
i. CHARLES II the Bald, King of Neustria, King of the West Franks, King of Italy, Emperor [see next].
ii. GISELA, married EBERHARD, Margrave of Friuli [see Line D, Gen. 3 below].”

Judith married de France, King Louis I in Feb 819. Louis (son of of the Holy Roman Empire, King Charlemagne and von Vinzgau, Hildegard) was born on 16 Apr 778 in Casseneuil, Lot-et-Garonne, Aquitaine, France; was christened on 10 Oct 778 in Casseneuil, Lot-et-Garonne, Aquitaine, France; died on 20 Jun 840 in Ingelheim am Rhein, Mainz-Bingen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany; was buried on 1 Jul 840 in Abbey of Saint-Arnould, Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: G8V9-R5Y
• Name: Gisela Of The Roman Empire
• Birth: 819

Notes:

Gisela (Gisèle) was the daughter of Louis the Pious and his second wife, Judith of Bavaria, born about 820. She was named after her great-aunt Gisela, the sister of Charlemagne, who chose a religious life from girlhood. Like her ancestress Gisela was renowned for her piety and virtue and eventually became an Abbess.

About 835 Gisela married Eberhard, Duke of Friuli, later canonized as Saint Eberhard. Gisela was Louis the Pious' reward to Count Eberhard for his loyal service. Eberhard and Gisela were likeminded and well suited to each other.
Together they had 9 children:
-Eberhard (c. 837 – 840)
-Ingeltrude (837 or 840 – 870), possibly married Henry, Margrave of the Franks
-Unruoch III (c. 840 – 874)
-Bèrenger (c. 845 – 924), King of Italy
-Adélard (d. 874)
-Rudolf (d. 892)
-Heilwise (b. 860)
-Gisèle (d. 863)
-Judith of Friuli (died ca. 881), first married Arnulf I of Bavaria, second married Conrad II of Auxerre

As dowry Gisela was given many rich domains including the Royal Fisc of Cysoing; located at the center of the country of Pèvele, Cysoing was one of the most beautiful fiscs in the region and became one of her and Eberhard's regular residences. They founded a monastery there, which was not completed until after their deaths.

The nunnery San Salvatore was given to her after Ermengarde, wife of Lothair I. For a time she served as both abbess and rectrix.

She dedicated herself to the education of her and Eberhard's many children.

Gisela's husband Eberhard died 16 December, 867. She survived him, her date of death is not known.

“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“GISELA, born 819-822. She married about 836 EBERHARD (or EVRARD), Margrave of Friuli, before 836? - 864/865, son of Hunroch (or Unroch), Count of Teinois, by Angiltrud, daughter, perhaps, of Begue, Count of Paris. They had five sons, Eberhard, Hunroch (or Unroch) [Margrave of Friuli], Berengario (or Bérenger) (I) [Duke of Friuli, King of Italy, Emperor], Adalard, and Raoul (or Rodolfe) [Abbot of Saint-Vaast and Saint-Bertin], and four daughters, Engeltrude, Heilwig (or Hélvide) (wife of Hucbald, Count of Ostrevant, and Roger I, Count of Laon), Gisela (nun in Brescia), and Judith (wife of Heinrich, Margrave in Frisia). He received the marquessate of Friuli from Lothair I, and held it with his wife in addition to his possessions in Italy and in Germany, his large holdings bordering the river Meuse, Hesbaye, Condroz, Texandrie and the pagus Moilla, and also other lands in the vicinity of Arras and Tournai, in Ostrevant, Cysoing and elsewhere. His wealth and political influence made him one of the most important men of his time. He was said to be highly cultured, and his testament enumerated many religious works. He maintained friendships with Hraban Maur, archbishop of Mayence, Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, and with other men of letters. He founded Cysoing Abbey in the diocese of Noyon, and he transported to the abbey the relics of St. Calixtus, which he obtained from the pope. He made his testament about 863-864, and died [?16 Dec.] 865-866, and was buried at Cysoing. In 869 his widow, Gisela, gave Somain in Ostrevant to her son, Adalard. In 870 she and her son, Raoul, confirmed and augmented donations to Cysoing towards her burial and that of her daughter, Engeltrude. Gisela was living 1 July 874, when she made another grant to Cysoing.
Études d'Histoire de Moyen Age dediées el Gabrielle Monod (1896): 155-162. Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 14, IV 24-32 and also p. 86, notes concerning Nov. 28 and 30). Decker-Hauff (1955): 293. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 188A (sub Italy). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.14, IV.32-38c. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).”

Gisèle married of Friuli, Saint Eberardo in 836 in France. Eberardo (son of Count Unruoch and de Paris, Engeltrude) was born in 815 in Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy; died on 16 Dec 866 in Cysoing, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; was buried on 24 Dec 866 in Cysoing, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Carolingian
• Nickname: The Bald
• FSID: 2QBY-PCY
• Military: Between 840 and 843; Carolingian Civil War
• Life Event: 14 Feb 842; Alliance between Charles the Bald and Louis the German against their brother Lothair I
• Life Event: 843; Restricted the powers of the king and guaranteed rights of the nobility and clergy.
• Life Event: 860; King of the West Franks
• Life Event: 876; King of Italy and the Roman Empire

Notes:

King of the Franks, Emperor of the Roman Empire
Oaths of Strasbourg: 14 Feb 842 AD; Alliance between Charles the Bald and Louis the German against their brother Lothair I
Charles ΙΙ, also known as Charles the Bald was the youngest son of Louis the Pious and his second wife Judith. He was also a grandson of Charlemagne. Charles was born June 13, 823 in Frankfurt am Main, and was named Charles after his famous and powerful grandfather. His older brothers are Lothair I, Pepin of Aquitaine, and Louis the German.
Charles married Ermentrude of Orléans, daughter of Odo I, Count of Orléansin, in 842 and they had 10 children: Judith of Flanders, Louis the Stammerer, Charles the Child, Lothair the Lame, Carloman, Rotrude and Ermentrud (both who became nuns), Hildegarde, Gisela, and Godehilde.
Ermentrude died October 6 869 and in 870 Charles married Richilde of the Ardennes, daughter of Bivin of Gorze, Count of the Ardennes. Together they had 5 more children: Rothilde, Drogo, Pippin, a son who died an infant in 875, and Charles. Unfortunately out of these 5 only Rothilde survived to adulthood.

Charles the Bald was not bald, he is pictured with a full head of hair. 'The Bald' rather refers to his lack of lands when he was young.

Charles father Louis the Pious was King of Aquitaine, Emperor of Rome and King of the Franks. Although Charles was his youngest son, Louis named him his heir in 837. Charles would spend most of his life in a power struggle with his older brothers over the lands conquered by their grandfather. Charles older brother Pepin died in 838 and Charles was made King of Aquitaine. His father Louis the Pious died in 840 and war erupted between his sons. Oldest son Lothair consolidated control of Middle Francia and became Emperor of Rome. Charles allied with his brother Louis against their older brother. Louis became King of East Francia (King of Germany) and Charles King of West Francia (King of France)
After the death of his brother Lothair and then his brothers son Emperor Louis II, Charles traveled to Rome and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John VIII on December 25, 875.

Charles died on 6 October 877 in Brides-les-Bains while crossing the pass of Mont Cenis. He was buried initially at the abbey of Nantua, Burgundy but a few years later, his remains were transferred to the Abbey of Saint-Denis where he had long wished to be buried.

Charles and Ermentrude had the following children:
-Judith (c.843–after 866), married first King Ethelwulf of Wessex, second his son King Ethelbald, and third Baldwin I, Margrave of Flanders
-Louis the Stammerer (846–879)
-Charles the Child (847–866)
-Lothair the Lame (848–866), monk in 861, became Abbot of Saint-Germain
-Carloman (849–876)
-Rotrude (852–912), a nun, Abbess of Saint-Radegunde
-Ermentrud (854–877), a nun, Abbess of Hasnon
-Hildegarde (born 856, died young)
-Gisela (857–874)
-Godehilde (864–907)

The children of Charles and Richilde are:
-Rothilde (871–929), married Hugues, Count of Bourges and 2nd Roger, Count of Maine.
-Drogo (872–873)
-Pippin (873–874)
-a son (born and died 875)
-Charles (876–877)
------------------------------
“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“CHARLES II the Bald, King of Neustria, 838-840, King of the West Franks, 840-877, King of (western) Lorraine, 870-877, King of Italy, 875-877, Emperor, 875-877, son by his father's 2nd marriage, born at Frankfurt-am-Main 13 June 823. He married (1st) at Quierzy, Aisne 13 Dec. 842 ERMENTRUDE OF ORLÉANS, daughter of Eudes, Count of Orléans, by his wife, Engeltrude. She was born 27 Sept., about 830. They had six sons, Louis (II) [King of Neustria, King of Aquitaine, King of France], Charles [King of Aquitaine], Karlmann (or Carloman) [Abbot of St.-Germain of Auxerre], Lothair [Abbot of St.-Germain of Auxerre], Dreux, and Pépin, and four daughters, Judith, Hildegarde, Ermentrude [Abbess of Hasnon], and Gisela (or Gisele). His wife, Ermentrude, died 6 October 869. He married (2nd) 12 October 869, confirmed at Aix-la-Chapelle 22 Jan. 870 RICHILDE OF GORZE, daughter of Bivin, Count and Abbot of Gorze, by daughter of Boson l'Ancien, count in Italy. They had three children, including one son, Charles, and one daughter, Rothilde (wife of Rodgar [or Roger], Count of Maine). CHARLES II the Bald, Emperor, King of the West Franks, died at Brides-les-Bains (Savoie, Fr.) 6 October 877, and was buried at Nantua monastery, later at St. Denis. His widow, Richilde, living 910, and died before 3 Feb. 911.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini inc. 877. Karolus, frater eius, Nonas Octob. feliciter obit.”) Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of King Charles II dated A.D. 843 - Oval: bust of a youthful personage, in profile to the right, head crowned with laurel. Legend: + KAROLVS GRATIA DI REX.). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54-55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 877: "Karolus imperator obiit, id est Calvus, et filius ejus Hludowicus regnum recepit."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 15. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (sub Die Karolinger); 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.15, IV.39-IV.52. Online resource: http.//www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/mittelalter/koenige/frankenreich/karl_2_der_kahle_koenig_von_frankreich_877.html.”

Charles married d'Orléans, Queen Ermentrude on 13 Dec 842 in France. Ermentrude (daughter of d'Orléans, Count Eudes and de Fézensac, Engeltrude) was born on 27 Sep 823 in Orléans, Loiret, Centre, France; died on 6 Oct 869 in France; was buried after 6 Oct 869 in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: L8MS-M3H

Notes:

This is Ingeltrude (Engeltrude). Her sister is Judith.

DO NOT CONFUSE THEM. DO NOT MERGE THEM.

Family/Spouse: von Babenberg, Margrave Heinrich. Heinrich (son of von Babenberg, Count Poppo and Grapfeld, Kunigunda Cunegonde) was born in 825 in Babenberg, Holzkirchen, Miesbach, Bayern, Germany; died on 28 Aug 886 in Paris, Île-de-France, France; was buried after 28 Aug 886 in Abbey of Saint-Médard de Soissons, Soissons, Aisne, Picardie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Carolingian
• FSID: LD98-69W
• Life Event: 1 Oct 856, Verberie, Oise, Picardie, France; Judith was crowned queen and anointed by Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims; in Wessex it was not customary for kings\' wives to be queens, but Charles insisted that his daughter be crowned queen. Although empresses had been anointed before, this is the first definitely known anointing of a Carolingian queen.
• Life Event: 13 Jan 858, Kingdom of Wessex (England); Judith was widowed at age 14 when Æthelwulf died on 13 January 858. They had been married a year and 3 months and had no children.
• Life Event: Jul 860, Kingdom of Wessex (England); Judith was still childless when Æthelbald died in 860 after a reign of two-and-a-half years
• Life Event: Dec 860, Senlis, Somme, Picardie, France; Following Æthelbald's death, Judith sold her properties in Wessex and returned to France. Her father, Charles the Bald, sent her to the Monastery at Senlis. She was to remain \"under his protection and guardianship, with all the honour due a queen, until such time as she might marry...suitably and legally.\"
• Life Event: Dec 861, Harelbeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium; Around Christmas 861, Judith eloped with Baldwin, later Count of Flanders, to Harelbeke (Belgium) with her brother Louis the Stammerer\'s consent.
• Life Event: 13 Dec 862, Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France; Judith's father Charles the Bald wanted Judith and Baldwin excommunicated. Pope Nicholas I convinced him to accept the union of Judith and Baldwin as legally binding and welcome the young couple into his circle. They were officially married at Auxerre on 13 December 862.

Notes:

Judith of Flanders (or Judith of France) was the oldest child of Charles the Bald, King of the West Franks and Holy Roman Emperor, and his first wife Ermentrude of Orléans. She was born about 843, most likely in Orléans.
On 1 October 856, at Verberie in northern France, Judith married Æthelwulf, King of Wessex. Æthelwulf was about sixty-one years old and Judith was age 12 to 14. The marriage was a diplomatic alliance and as part of the arrangement Charles insisted his daughter be crowned Queen. Judith was crowned queen and anointed by Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims. Although empresses had been anointed before, this is the first definitely known anointing of a Carolingian queen.
The marriage itself was unusual in that Carolingian princesses rarely married, were usually sent to nunneries, and it was almost unknown for them to marry foreigners. The marriage provoked a rebellion by Æthelwulf's eldest surviving son, Æthelbald, probably because he feared displacement by a higher-born half-brother. Æthelwulf, died on 13 January 858, married a little over a year, Judith was still no more than 14 or 15, the marriage produced no children. Æthelbald, succeed his father as King of Wessex and immediately married Judith, his step-mother, probably to enhance his status because she was the daughter of the West Frankish king.
Æthelbald died in July 860, they had been married two-and-a-half years. Judith was no more than 17 years old, she had been twice married, twice widowed, twice been the Queen of Wessex ad she was still childless. Done with Wessex, Judith sold her properties and went home to France. Her father Charles the Bald promptly put her in the Monastery at Senlis, "under his protection, with all the honour due to a queen, until such time as she might marry suitably and legally."
Around Christmas 861, Judith escaped and eloped with Baldwin (Count of Flanders) to the Flemish city of Harelbeke. Judith's brother Louis had given his consent but her father Charles the Bald was furious and tried to have the couple excommunicated. Thy fled to Rome and appealed to the Pope.
Pope Nicholas I convinced Judith's father to accept the union and welcome the young couple into his circle. They were officially married at Auxerre on 13 December 862.

Baldwin was given the County of Flanders to protect from Viking attacks. He not only succeeded in quelling the threat, but expanded both his army and his territory quickly, and became a faithful supporter of King Charles. Baldwin became known as "Iron Arm" and the March of Baldwin came to be known as the County of Flanders and would become one of the most powerful principalities of France.

Judith finally had children. She and Baldwin are known to have had:
Charles (c. 864/865 – died young), named after Judith's father, Charles the Bald

Baldwin II (c. 865/867 – c. 10 September 918). Succeeded his father as Margrave (Count) of Flanders. Married Ælfthryth, daughter of Alfred the Great

Raoul or Ralph (Rodulf) (c. 867/870 – murdered 17 June 896). Became Count of Cambrai around 888; he and his brother joined King Zwentibold of Lotharingia in 895, attacked Vermandois and captured Arras, Saint-Quentin and Peronne, and ended up captured and killed by Herbert I of Vermandois

Guinidilda, who married Wilfred I the Hairy, Count of Barcelona

Judith's exact date of death is not known, however, it is believed about 870, certainly before Baldwin who died in 879, they are both believed to be buried in the Abbey of St-Bertin, near Saint-Omer.

Judith married of Flanders, Baldwin I on 13 Dec 862 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France. Baldwin (son of of Flanders, Odoacer and of Flanders, N.N.) was born in 837 in Laon, Aisne, Picardie, France; died on 2 Jan 879 in Arras, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; was buried in 879 in Abbey of Saint Bertin, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Judith married of Wessex, Æthelbald in 858 in Kingdom of Wessex (England). Æthelbald was born in 834 in Wantage, Berkshire, England; died on 20 Dec 860 in Sherborne, Dorset, England; was buried after 20 Dec 860 in Sherborne, Dorset, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: The Stammerer
• FSID: 94NX-NK2

Notes:

LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).”
- this comes from “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013)
----------------

"Louis II, known as Louis the Stammerer, was the King of Aquitaine and later the King of West Francia. He was the eldest son of emperor Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans. Louis the Stammerer was physically weak and outlived his father by only two years."

"He succeeded his younger brother Charles the Child as the ruler of Aquitaine in 866 and his father in West Francia in 877, but he was *never* crowned Holy Roman Emperor."

"Louis was crowned king on 8 October 877 by Hincmar, archbishop of Reims, at Compiegne and was crowned a second time in August 878 by Pope John VIII at Troyes while the pope was attending a council there. The pope may have even offered him the imperial crown, but it was declined. Louis had relatively little impact on politics. He was described "a simple and sweet man, a lover of peace, justice, and religion". In 878, he gave the counties of Barcelona, Girona, and Besalú to Wilfred the Hairy. His final act was to march against the invading Vikings, but he fell ill and died on 9 April or 10 April 879, not long after beginning this final campaign. On his death, his realms were divided between his two sons, Carloman II and Louis III of France."

Louis married de Paris, Adélaïde in 862. Adélaïde was born in 850 in Paris, Île-de-France, France; died on 10 Nov 901 in Laon, Aisne, Picardie, France; was buried after 19 Nov 901 in Compiègne, Oise, Picardie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]