Notes:

Gundred, Countess of Surrey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gundred or Gundreda (Latin: Gundrada) ( – 27 May 1085)[1] was the Flemish-born wife of an early Norman baron, William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey. She and her husband established Lewes Priory in Sussex.

Gundred was almost certainly born in Flanders, and was a sister of Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester.[2][3][4][5] She is explicitly so called by Orderic Vitalis,[6] as well as the chronicle of Hyde Abbey[7] She was also sister of Frederick of Oosterzele-Scheldewindeke, who was killed c.1070 by Hereward the Wake.[8] Legends based in part on late Lewes priory cartulary[a] suggested Gundred was a daughter of William the Conqueror by his spouse Matilda of Flanders,[9] but this is not accepted by most modern historians.[10][11] The early-19th-century writer Thomas Stapleton had argued she was a daughter of Matilda, born prior to her marriage to Duke William.[12] This sparked a debate consisting of a series of published papers culminating with those of Edmond Chester Waters and Edward Augustus Freeman who argued the theories could not be supported.[13][14][15] Regardless, some genealogical and historical sources continue to make the assertion that she was the Conqueror's daughter.[16][17][18][19]

Gundred married before 1070[20] William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey (d. 20 June 1088),[1] who rebuilt Lewes Castle, making it his chief residence. Sometime between 1078 and 1082,[21] Gundrada and her husband set out for Rome visiting monasteries along the way. In Burgundy they were unable to go any further due to a war between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. They visited Cluny Abbey and were impressed with the monks and their dedication. William and Gundred decided to found a Cluniac priory on their own lands in England. They sent to Hugh the abbot of Cluny for monks to come to England at their monastery. Hugh was reluctant yet eventually sent several monks including Lazlo who became the first abbot. The house they founded was Lewes Priory dedicated to St. Pancras.[22][23] Gundred died in childbirth 27 May 1085 at Castle Acre, Norfolk, one of her husband's estates, and was buried at the Chapter house of Lewes Priory.[1][23] He was later buried beside her.[24]

In the course of the centuries which followed, both tombstones disappeared from the priory but in 1774 William Burrell, Esq., an antiquary, discovered Gundred's in Isfield Church (seven miles from Lewes), over the remains of Edward Shirley, Esq., (d. 1550), and had it removed on October 2, 1775, to St. John's Church, Southover, where it was placed on display.[25]

In 1845, during excavations through the Priory grounds for the Brighton Lewes and Hastings Railway, the lead chests containing the remains of the Earl and his Countess were discovered and were deposited temporarily beneath Gundred's tombstone.[25] In 1847 a Norman Revival chapel was erected by public subscription, adjoining the present vestry and chancel. Prior to re-interring the remains in this chapel, both chests were opened to ascertain if there were any contents, which was found to be the case. New chests were made and used, and the ancient ones preserved and placed in two recessed arches in the southern wall. The Earl's chest has lost some lead. Gundred's chest remains in a good state of preservation. Across the upper part of the right arch is the name Gvndrada. Her tombstone is of black Tournai marble.[26]
Family

The children of William de Warenne and Gundred were:

William II de Warenne (d. 11 May 1138), buried in Lewes Priory.[2][27]

Reginald de Warenne, an adherent of Robert of Normandy.[2][24]

Edith de Warenne, married, 1stly, Gerard de Gournay, Lord of Gournay-en-Bray, 2ndly, Drew de Monchy.[2][24]

Notes

The reference here to late Lewes priory cartulary is to copies of charters that date centuries after the originals and specifically those which had been altered or forged to add the desired evidence she was the daughter of royalty. For more information on these forged charters see: English Historical Documents 1042-1189, ed. David C. Douglas, George W. Greenaway, Vol. II (Oxford University Press, New York, 1953), p. 605; L.C. Loyd, 'The Origin of the Family of Warenne' ‘’Yorks Archaeol. Journal’’, vol. xxxi, pp. 97-113; and C. T. Clay, ‘'Early Yorkshire Charters’’, vol. VIII (1949), pp. 59.-62.

References

G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), p. 494
Early Yorkshire Charters, ed: William Farrer, Charles Travis Clay, Volume VIII - The Honour of Warenne (The Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1949), pp. 40-46
F. Anderson, Uxor Mea: The First Wife of the First William of Warenne, Sussex archaeological collections, Vol. 130 (Sussex Archaeological Society, 1992) pp. 107-8
Elisabeth van Houts, 'Epitaph of Gundrada of Warenne', Nova de Veteribus, Mitel-und neulateinische Studien fur Paul Gerhard Schmidt (K.G. Saur, Munchen Leipzig, 2004), p. 372
P. Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Histoire de la maison royale de France et des grands officiers de la Couronne, V.6 (Estienne Loyson, 1674), p. 26
Ordericus Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Translated by Thomas Forester, Vol. ii, (Henry G. Bohn, London, MDCCCLIV (1854), p. 49
Hyde Abbey, Liber Monasterii de Hyda: Comprising a Chronicle of the affairs of England, (Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London, 1866), p. xcvii. Note: the anonymous Hyde chronicler identified two of Gundred's brothers, Gerbod, Earl of Cheter and Frederick.
Elisabeth van Houts, 'Frederick, Brother-in-Law of William of Warenne', Anglo-Saxon England, Vol. 28 (1999), pp. 218-220
George Duckett, 'Observations on the Parentage of Gundreda, Countess of Warenne', The Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal, Vol. ix, Part xxxiii, 1885, pp. 421-437 Note: Sir George Duckett, Bart., was the leading proponent of the theory that Gundred was the daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda
G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), p. 494 note (j)
David C. Doulgas, William the Conqueror (University of California Press, 1964), p. 392
Stapleton, Thomas, 'Observations in disproof of the pretended marriage of William de Warren, Earl of Surrey, with a daughter begotten of Matildis, daughter of Baldwin, Comte of Flanders, by William the Conqueror, and illustrative of the origin and early history of the family in Normandy', The Archaeological Journal 3 (1846):1-26 Note: despite the confusing title Stapleton's theory was that Gundred was a daughter of Matilda of Flanders by an earlier marriage.
Edmond Chester Waters, 'Gundrada de Warenne', The Archaeological Journal, Vol. xli (London, 1884), pp. 300-312
Edward A. Freeman, 'The Parentage of Gundrada, Wife of William of Warren', The English Historical Review, Vol. 3, No. 12 (Oct., 1888), pp. 680-701
For an extensive discussion regarding the participants of this nineteenth-century debate see : Victoria Chandler, 'Gundrada de Warenne and the Victorian Gentlemen-Scholars', Southern History, Vol. 12 (1990), pp. 68-81
American Biography; a New Cyclopedia, Vol. ix (The American Historial Society, New York, 1921)p. 276
Colonial Families of the United States of America, ed. Nelson Osgood Rhoades, Vol. VII (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1966). pp. 319, 347
Rene Beckley, Ancient Walls of East Anglia (Terence Dalton, Ltd., Lavenham, Suffolk, 1979), p. 66
Charles Cooper, A village in Sussex: the history of Kingston-near-Lewes (I.B. Taurus, London, 2006), p. 44
Elisabeth van Houts, 'The Warenne View of the Past 1066-1203)', Anglo-Norman Studies XXIV, Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2003, Vol. 26 (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2004), p. 104 & n. 8
Early Yorkshire Charters, ed: William Farrer, Charles Travis Clay, Volume VIII - The Honour of Warenne (The Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1949), p. 4
B. Golding, 'The Coming of the Cluniacs', Anglo-Norman Studies III; Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1980, Vol. iii (Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1981), pp. 65, 67
Early Yorkshire Charters, ed: William Farrer, Charles Travis Clay, Volume VIII - The Honour of Warenne (The Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1949), pp. 50-55
G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), p. 495 note (b)
Elisabeth van Houts, 'Epitaph of Gundrada of Warenne', Nova de Veteribus, Mitel-und neulateinische Studien fur Paul Gerhard Schmidt (K.G. Saur, Munchen Leipzig, 2004), p. 367
Elisabeth van Houts, 'Epitaph of Gundrada of Warenne', Nova de Veteribus, Mitel-und neulateinische Studien fur Paul Gerhard Schmidt (K.G. Saur, Munchen Leipzig, 2004), pp. 366,368-9
G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), pp. 495-6

Family/Spouse: de Warenne, William I. William was born in UNKNOWN in Varenne, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France; died on 30 Jun 1088 in Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9CFL-PH7

Notes:

BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMAN%20NOBILITY.htm#GerardGournaydied1099
GUNDRED de Gournay (-after 1155). She is named as second wife of Nigel d'Aubigny by Orderic Vitalis, who also specifies that she was the sister of Hugues de Gournay[749]. m (Jun 1118) as his second wife, NELE d'Aubigny, son of ROGER d'Aubigny & his wife Amice --- (-21 or 26 Nov 1129).

Edith married de Gournay, Seigneur Gerard after 1096. Gerard was born in 1060 in Gournay, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France; died in 1104 in Yerushalayim, Israel; was buried in 1104 in Yerushalayim, Israel. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LHC4-HMW

Notes:

BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMAN%20NOBILITY.htm#GerardGournaydied1099
GUNDRED de Gournay (-after 1155). She is named as second wife of Nigel d'Aubigny by Orderic Vitalis, who also specifies that she was the sister of Hugues de Gournay[749]. m (Jun 1118) as his second wife, NELE d'Aubigny, son of ROGER d'Aubigny & his wife Amice --- (-21 or 26 Nov 1129).

Gundreda married de Daubeney, Baron Nigel between 8 Jun and 7 Jul 1118 in Caister-on-Sea, Norfolk, England. Nigel was born in 1070 in Thirsk Castle, Thirlby, Yorkshire, England; died on 21 Nov 1129 in Thirsk, Yorkshire, England; was buried after 21 Nov 1129 in Bec Abbey, Le Bech, Corrèze, Limousin, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Lord of Mowbray

Notes:

Roger de Mowbray

Born c. 1120
Died 1188 Tyre, Lebanon
Title Lord of Montbray
Nationality English
Wars and battles
Battle of the Standard
Battle of Lincoln (1141)
Second Crusade
Revolt of 1173–74
Battle of Hattin
Parents Nigel d'Aubigny and Gundreda de Gournay
Roger de Mowbray (Lord of Montbray)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Roger de Mowbray (c. 1120–1188) was an English noble,
described by Horace Round as
a great lord with a hundred knight's fees, was
captured with King Stephen at the Battle of
Lincoln (1141), joined the rebellion against
Henry II (1173), founded abbeys, and went on
crusade.[2]
Contents
1 Family and early life
2 Career under Stephen
3 Career under Henry II
4 Legacy
5 References
6 See also
Family and early life
Roger was the son of Nigel d'Aubigny by his second wife,
Gundreda de Gournay.[3]
On his father's death in 1129 he became a ward of the
crown.[4] Based at Thirsk with his mother, on reaching his
majority in 1138, he took his paternal grandmother's surname of Mowbray and title to the lands awarded to his
father by Henry I both in Normandy including Montbray, as well as the substantial holdings in Yorkshire and
around Melton.[2]
Career under Stephen
Soon after, in 1138, he participated in the Battle of the Standard against the Scots and, according to Aelred of
Rievaulx, acquitted himself honourably.[4]
Thereafter, Roger's military fortunes were mixed. Whilst acknowledged as a competent and prodigious fighter,
he generally found himself on the losing side in his subsequent engagements. During the anarchic reign of King
Stephen he was captured with Stephen at the battle of Lincoln in 1141.[4]
Soon after his release, Roger married Alice de Gant (d. c. 1181), daughter of Walter de Gant and widow of
Ilbert de Lacy, and by whom he had two sons, Nigel and Robert.[5] Roger also had at least one daughter,
donating his lands at Granville to the Abbeye des Dames in Caen when she became a nun there.[4]
In 1147, he was one of the few English nobles to join Louis VII of France on the Second Crusade.[2] He gained
further acclaim, according to John of Hexham, defeating a Muslim leader in single combat.[5]
Career under Henry II
Roger supported the Revolt of 1173–74 against Henry II and fought with his sons, Nigel and Robert, but they
were defeated at Kinardferry, Kirkby Malzeard and Thirsk.[4]
Roger left for the Holy Land again in 1186, but encountered further misfortune being captured at the Battle of
Hattin in 1187.[3] His ransom was met by the Templars, but he died soon after and, according to some accounts,
was buried at Tyre in Palestine. There is, however, some controversy surrounding his death and burial and final
resting-place.[2][6]
Legacy
Mowbray was a significant benefactor and supporter of several religious institutions in Yorkshire including
Fountains Abbey.[3][2] With his mother he sheltered the monks of Calder, fleeing before the Scots in 1138, and
supported their establishment at Byland Abbey in 1143. Later, in 1147, he facilitated their relocation to
Coxwold.
Roger made a generous donation of two carucates of land (c.240 acres), a house and two mills to the Order of
Saint Lazarus, headquartered at Burton St Lazarus Hospital in Leicestershire, after his return from the crusades
in 1150.[7] His cousin William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel and his wife Adeliza, the widow of King Henry
I, had been amongst the earliest patrons of the order and, when combined with Roger's experiences in the Holy
Land, may have encouraged his charity.[8] His family continued to support the Order for many generations and
the Mowbrays lion rampant coat of arms was adopted by the Hospital of Burton St Lazars alongside their more
usual green cross.[1][9]
He also supported the Knights Templar and gave them land in Warwickshire where they founded Temple
Balsall.[7]
In total, Roger is credited with assisting the establishment of thirty-five churches.[2]
References
1. Burke, Bernard (1884). Burkes General Armoury. London: Burkes.
2. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thpeu blic domain: Round, John
Horace (1911). "Mowbray" (https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri18chisrich#page/948/mode/1up. )In Chisholm,
Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 948.
3. "Roger de Mowbray" (http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/people/roger_de_mowbra.yphp). Cistercians in Yorkshire Project.
Retrieved 23 February 2013.
4. Tait 1891.
5. "Mowbray, Sir Roger (I) de". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19458 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19458) . (Subscription or UK public library
membership (https://global.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/) required.)
6. "The mystery of the Mowbray grave "(http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/byland/history/app5.php. )Cistercians in Yorkshire
Project. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
7. Nichols, John (1795). The History and Antiquities of the County of Leiceste.r Leicester: John Nichols.
8. Marcombe, David (2003).L eper Knights. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 34.I SBN 1-84383-067-1.
9. Bourne, Terry; Marcombe, David, eds. (1987).T he Burton Lazars Cartulary: A Medieval Leicestershier Estate.
Nottingham: University of Nottingham.
Attribution
Tait, James (1891). "Mowbray, Roger de". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National
Biography. 25. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
See also
House of Mowbray

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Categories: Christians of the Second Crusade People of The Anarchy 1120 births 1188 deaths
12th-century English people Feudal barons of Mowbray
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Family/Spouse: de Gaunt, Lady Alice. Alice was born in 1120 in Lincolnshire, England; died in 1176 in Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]