Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: The Rich
• FSID: GQVJ-56W

Notes:

geni.com
Mainard «le Riche» d'Archiac
Also Known As: "The Rich"
Birthdate: circa 973
Birthplace: Archiac, Charente Maritime, Poitou Charentes, France
Death: 1030 (52-62)
Valois, Bretagne, France
Immediate Family:
Husband of Udulgardis
Father of Pétronille d'Angoulême
Occupation: Sieur d'Archiac, de Bouteville, d'Udulgardis

https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANGOULEME.htm#PetronilleArchiacdied1029
https://www.geni.com/people/Mainard-the-Rich-d-Archiac/6000000003494774947?through=6000000003243213054

MAINARD "le Riche" . He is named in the Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis which records that "Gaufredus seu Josfredus" married [his daughter] "Petronilla filia Marnardi dicti Divitis, domini Archiaci et Botavillæ...sola eius heres"[1013]. Seigneur d'Archiac. m UDULGARDIS, daughter of ---. Mainard & his wife had one child:

a) PETRONILLE d’Archiac

https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANGOULEME.htm#PetronilleArchiacdied1029

Died:
Historic Region of France

Mainard married d'Udulgardis, N.N. in 1013 in France. N.N. was born in UNKNOWN in France; died in DECEASED in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; Countess of Angoulême
• FSID: L85D-ZQ4

Notes:

Pétronille d'Angoulême (d'Archiac)
Birthdate: 994
Birthplace: Bonteville, France
Death: September 24, 1043 (48-49)
Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France
Immediate Family:
Daughter of Mainard "the Rich" d'Archiac and
Udulgardis

https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANGOULEME.htm#PetronilleArchiacdied1029

Geoffrey I, count of Angoulême
Mother of Arnold Arnaud Taillefer, Montausier; Humberge d'Angoulême; Foulques "Taillefer", comte d'Angoulême; Pétronille d'Angoulême; Barrelde d'Angouleme; Fulk, count of Agoulême and Geoffroy "Rudel" d'Angoulême, seigneur de Blaye « less
Occupation: Dame, d'Archiac, de Bouteville, Countess of Conteville

Petronille married de Taillefer, Count Geoffrey in 1012 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Geoffrey (son of de Taillefer, Count William II and d'Anjou, Gerberga) was born in 995 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; died in Dec 1048 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; was buried in Dec 1048 in Abbey of Notre-Dame de La Couronne, La Couronne, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9CJ7-366
• Appointments / Titles: 1087, Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; Count

Notes:

Foulques "Talafer", comte d'Angoulême MP
Birth: 1015 Angoulême, Aquitaine, France
Son of Geoffroy I Compte d'Angouleme and Petronille De Archiac
Husband of Condoha d'Eu
Father of William III, Count of Angoulême; Graille Taillefer De Limoges; Guillaume V Taillefer, comte d'Angoulême and william III twelfth count of Angoulême
Brother of Arnold Arnaud Taillefer, Montausier; Aymar Ademar Taillefer, Bishop of Angoulême; Humberge d'Angoulême; Pétronille d'Angoulême; Geoffroy "Rudel" d'Angoulême, seigneur de Blaye and 1 other

Foulques married d'Eu, Cundoha in 1080 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Cundoha (daughter of d'Eu, Robert and de Falaise, Beatrice) was born in 1050 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; died in 1087 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: G435-YBP
• Appointments / Titles: 1089, Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; Count Angoulême

Family/Spouse: de Benauges, Vitapoy. Vitapoy (daughter of MacAire, Amanieu and Macaire, N.N.) was born in 1066 in Bénagues, Ariège, Midi-Pyrénées, France; died in 1120 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; was buried in 1120 in Abbey of Notre-Dame de La Couronne, La Couronne, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Taillefer
• FSID: 9W8M-CH6
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1120 and 1140, Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; Count of Angouleme

Notes:

Vulgrin or Wulgrin II was the Count of Angoulême from 1120 until his death on November 16, 1140. He was a son of Count William Taillefer III. He married Pontia de la Marche, his first wife, daughter of Roger the Poitevin and Almodis, the daughter of count Aldebert II of La Marche. They had only one son, William VI of Angoulême.

After the death of his first wife, Wulgrin married Amable de Châtellerault and had three more children -- Fulk, Geoffrey "Martel," and an unnamed daughter. The troubadour Jaufré Rudel possibly might have been his son or son-in-law.

Vulgrin retook Blaye from William X of Aquitaine in 1127 and reconstructed the castle there in 1140.

-- Wikiwand: Wulgrin II of Angoulême

Wulgrin married de la Marche, Poncia in 1123 in France. Poncia (daughter of de Montgomery, Lord Roger III and de la Marche, Almodis) was born on 1 Sep 1091 in Aquitaine, France; died in 1138 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; was buried in 1138 in Abbey of Notre-Dame de La Couronne, La Couronne, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LX78-64S

Family/Spouse: de Limoges, Adémar III. Adémar (son of de Limoges, Ademar II and d'Angoulême, Lady Humberge) was born in 1060 in Limoges, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France; died in 1148 in Limoges, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Taillefer
• FSID: MQ97-2VC
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1140 and 1178, France; Count of Angoulême

Notes:

William VI of Angoulême also was known as William Taillefer IV. The eldest son of Count Wulgrin II of Angoulême and his first wife, Poncia, daughter of Roger the Poitevin and Almodis, he succeeded his father at the head of the county of Angoulême in 1140. William married first Emma of Limoges. He married a second time to Marguerite of Turenne, daughter of viscount Raymond I of Turenne.

It is from him, that the territory was passed down through sons of William VI: Wulgrin III of Angoulême who was the eldest, William VII of Angoulême, and Aymer of Angoulême.

After the death of Aymer, the territory did not pass to Aymer's daughter, Isabella of Angoulême, Queen consort to John of England, but rather to the daughter of Wulgrim III, Mathilde of Angoulême, who had married Hugh IX of Lusignan, father of Hugh X of Lusignan.

-- Wikiwand: William VI of Angoulême

(recorded on a duplicate record)
Died while on Crusade in Città Metropolitana di Messina, Sicilia, Italy.

WIlliam married de Limoges, Emma in 1160 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Emma (daughter of de Limoges, Adémar III and de Taillefer, Graule) was born in 1115 in Limoges, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France; died on 16 Jun 1162 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; was buried after 16 Jun 1162 in Abbey of Notre-Dame de La Couronne, La Couronne, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; Countess
• FSID: L19W-QD7

Notes:

Delinking this tree denies others their ability to connect this line properly backwards.

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/LIMOUSIN.htm#EmmaLimogesM2GuillaumeVIIIPoitou

ép. 1) après 1137 Emma de Limoges
(fille d’Adémar II ou III, vicomte de Limoges,
et de Marie des Cars ; veuve de Bardon
de Cognac et de Guillaume X, duc d’Aquitaine
(VIII de Poitou) + 09/04/1137)

Emma married de Taillefer, WIlliam VI in 1160 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. WIlliam (son of de Taillefer, Wulgrin II and de la Marche, Poncia) was born on 20 Aug 1125 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; died on 7 Aug 1178 in Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy; was buried on 7 Aug 1178 in Abbey of Notre-Dame de La Couronne, La Couronne, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; Count of Angoulene
• FSID: MRMP-3HL

Notes:

Aymer (also Aymar, Adhemar, Ademar, or Adomar; c. 1160 – eni.com

Aymer d'Angoulême, comte d'Angoulême
French: Aymer, comte d'Angoulême
Also Known As: "Adhemar", "Taillefer"
Birthdate: August 23, 1160
Birthplace: Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France
Death: June 16, 1202 (41)
Limoges, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France
Place of Burial: L'abbaye Notre-Dame de La Couronne, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France
Immediate Family:

Son of Guillaume 'Taillefer' d'Angoulême, comte d'Angoulême and Marguerite de Turenne, comtesse d'Angoulême

Husband of Alice de Courtenay, comtesse d'Angoulême

Father of Isabella of Angoulême

Brother of Griset d'Angouleme; Foulques d'Angouleme; Almodis d'Angoulême; Wulgrin "Taillefer" d'Angoulême, III; Guiillaume Taillefer de Anguleme, V and 3 others
Half brother of Matabrune de Ventadour and Ademar V Boson, Vicomte de Limoges

Occupation: Count of Angouleme, Taillifer', which means "hewer of iron" or "the Swordmaker"

16 June 1202) was the last Count of Angoulême of the House of Taillefer. He was a middle child of Count William VI and Marguerite de Turenne.[1] Two of his elder brothers, Wulgrin III and William VII, became Counts of Angoulême in succession after the death of their father in 1179.

Aymer succeeded his brother in 1186, and soon after was at the court of Richard the Lionheart, then Duke of Aquitaine and thus Aymer's lord, to receive recognition of his accession.[a][3] By 1188, Aymer had married Alice of Courtenay, the daughter of Peter I of Courtenay and thus granddaughter of King Louis VI of France.[b] In that year, Alice gave birth to a daughter, Isabella of Angoulême, who married King John of England in 1200. The marriage alliance was sealed by two treaties, one public, the other private between Aymer and John. The count remained a steady ally of the kings of England against the rebellious House of Lusignan.[5]

Aymer had a claim to the County of La Marche, where in 1199 or 1200 he was exercising authority, perhaps on behalf of his son-in-law, and issued a charter to some monks of Aubignac.[6] In February 1202 when John was visiting Angoulême to negotiate a treaty with Sancho VII of Navarre, Aymer took him on a tour of the newly consecrated abbey church at La Couronne.[7] The role of Aymer's daughter in John's continued refusal to properly care for his brother Richard the Lionheart's widow, Berengaria of Navarre, may explain the Count of Angoulême's proximity to the negotiations between the two kingdoms.[8]

Aymer died in Limoges on 16 June 1202. His daughter and only child succeeded him as Countess of Angoulême. Her title, however, was largely empty since her husband denied her control of her inheritance as well as her marriage dowry and dower. John's appointed governor, Bartholomew de Le Puy (de Podio), ran most of the administrative affairs of Angoulême until John's death in 1216.[9][c] In 1217 Isabella returned and seized her inheritance from Bartholomew, who appealed unsuccessfully to the English king for help.

Aymer's widow, Alice, ruled the city of Angoulême until March 1203, when John summoned her to court and granted her a monthly pension of 50 livres d'Anjou in return for her dower rights. She thereafter retired from public life to her estate at La Ferté-Gaucher, where she was living as late as July 1215, when she issued a charter at Provins using the title Countess of Angoulême.[7]

Notes
Vincent stresses that "[i]n practice [the Counts of Angoulême] were semi-autonomous rulers, only loosely tied into the feudal hierarchy. . . [T]he homage rendered to the dukes of Aquitaine by the counts of Anoulême until 1127 did little to compromise their independence."[2]
An "Alaidis de Courtenai" appears alongside her husband in a charter of 1191, making an award to Saint-Amand-de-Boixe during the abbacy of Jocelin (1186–97) shows that he was a minor official as early as 14 June 1202, just before Aymer's death.

Aymar married de Courtenay, Alice in 1186 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Alice (daughter of de Courtenay, Emperor of Constantinople Peter and de Courtenay, Elizabeth) was born in 1160 in Courtenay, Yonne, Bourgogne, France; was christened in 1160 in Courtenay, Loiret, Centre, France; died on 12 Feb 1218 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; was buried after 12 Feb 1218 in Cathédral Notre-Dame de Rouen, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Burial: Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France
• FSID: MF7F-HQF
• Life Event: 6 Oct 1200, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England; Crowed Queen Consort of England
• Appointments / Titles: 18 Jun 1202; Countess of Angoulême
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1229 and 1246; Countess of La Marche
• Death: 4 Jun 1246, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France
• Burial: Aft 4 Jun 1246, Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France

Notes:

Wikipedia -

Isabella Taillifer of Angoulême (French: Isabelle d'Angoulême, IPA; c. 1188-4 June 1246) was queen consort of England as the second wife of King John from 1200 until John's death in 1216. She was also suo jure Countess of Angoulême from 1202 until 1246.

She had five children by the king, including his heir, later Henry III. In 1220, Isabella married Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, by whom she had another nine children.

Some of her contemporaries, as well as later writers, claim that Isabella formed a conspiracy against King Louis IX of France in 1241, after being publicly snubbed by his mother, Blanche of Castile, for whom she had a deep-seated hatred. In 1244, after the plot had failed, Isabella was accused of attempting to poison the king. To avoid arrest, she sought refuge in Fontevraud Abbey, where she died two years later, but none of this can be confirmed.

Queen of England
She was the only daughter and heir of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, by Alice of Courtenay, who was sister of Peter II of Courtenay, Latin Emperor of Constantinople and granddaughter of King Louis VI of France.

Isabella became Countess of Angoulême in her own right on 16 June 1202, by which time she was already queen of England. Her marriage to King John took place on 24 August 1200, in Angoulême, a year after he annulled his first marriage to Isabel of Gloucester. She was crowned queen in an elaborate ceremony on 8 October at Westminster Abbey in London. Isabella was originally betrothed to Hugh IX le Brun, Count of Lusignan, son of the Count of La Marche. As a result of John's temerity in taking her as his second wife, King Philip II of France confiscated all of their French lands, and armed conflict ensued.

At the time of her marriage to John, the blonde and blue-eyed 12-year-old Isabella was already renowned by some for her beauty and has sometimes been called the Helen of the Middle Ages by historians. Isabella was much younger than her husband and possessed a volatile temper similar to his own. King John was infatuated with his young, beautiful wife; however, his acquisition of her had at least as much to do with spiting his enemies as romantic love. She was already engaged to Hugh IX le Brun when she was taken by John. It was said that he neglected his state affairs to spend time with Isabella, often remaining in bed with her until noon. However, these were rumors spread by John's enemies to discredit him as a weak and grossly irresponsible ruler, given that at the time John was engaging in a desperate war against King Philip of France to hold on to the remaining Plantagenet duchies. The common people began to term her a "siren" or "Messalina", which spoke volumes as to popular opinion. Her mother-in-law, Eleanor of Aquitaine, readily accepted her as John's wife.

On 1 October 1207 at Winchester Castle, Isabella gave birth to a son and heir who was named Henry after the King's father, Henry II. He was quickly followed by another son, Richard, and three daughters, Joan, Isabel, and Eleanor. All five children survived into adulthood and made illustrious marriages; all but Joan produced offspring of their own.

Second marriage
When King John died in October 1216, Isabella's first act was to arrange the speedy coronation of her nine-year-old son at the city of Gloucester on 28 October. As the royal crown had recently been lost in The Wash, along with the rest of King John's treasure, she supplied her own golden circlet to be used in lieu of a crown. The following July, less than a year after his crowning as King Henry III of England, she left him in the care of his regent, William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and returned to France to assume control of her inheritance of Angoulême.

In the spring of 1220, she married Hugh X of Lusignan, "le Brun", Seigneur de Luisignan, Count of La Marche, the son of her former fiancé, Hugh IX, to whom she had been betrothed before her marriage to King John. It had been previously arranged that her eldest daughter Joan should marry Hugh, and the little girl was being brought up at the Lusignan court in preparation for her marriage. Hugh, however, upon seeing Isabella, whose beauty had not diminished, preferred the girl's mother. Joan was provided with another husband, King Alexander II of Scotland, whom she wed in 1221.

Isabella had married Hugh without the consent of the king's council in England, as was required of a queen dowager. That council had the power not only to assign to her any subsequent husband, but to decide whether she should be allowed to remarry at all. That Isabella flouted its authority moved the council to confiscate her dower lands and to stop the payment of her pension. Isabella and her husband retaliated by threatening to keep Joan, who had been promised in marriage to the King of Scotland, in France. The council first responded by sending furious letters to the Pope, signed in the name of young King Henry, urging him to excommunicate Isabella and her husband, but then decided to come to terms with Isabella, to avoid conflict with the Scottish king, who was eager to receive his bride. Isabella was granted the stannaries in Devon, and the revenue of Aylesbury for a period of four years, in compensation for her confiscated dower lands in Normandy, as well as the £3,000 arrears for her pension.

Isabella had nine more children by Hugh X. Their eldest son Hugh XI of Lusignan succeeded his father as Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême in 1249.

Isabella's children from her royal marriage did not join her in Angoulême, remaining in England with their eldest brother Henry III.

Rebellion and death
Described by some contemporaries as "vain, capricious, and troublesome," Isabella could not reconcile herself with her less prominent position in France. Though Queen mother of England, Isabella was now mostly regarded as a mere Countess of La Marche and had to give precedence to other women. In 1241, when Isabella and Hugh were summoned to the French court to swear fealty to King Louis IX of France's brother, Alphonse, who had been invested as Count of Poitou, their mother, the Queen Dowager Blanche openly snubbed her. This so infuriated Isabella, who had a deep-seated hatred of Blanche for having fervently supported the French invasion of England during the First Barons' War in May 1216, that she began to actively conspire against King Louis. Isabella and her husband, along with other disgruntled nobles, including her son-in-law Raymond VII of Toulouse, sought to create an English-backed confederacy which united the provinces of the south and west against the French king. She encouraged her son Henry in his invasion of Normandy in 1230, but then did not provide him the support she had promised.

In 1244, after the confederacy had failed and Hugh had made peace with King Louis, two royal cooks were arrested for attempting to poison the King; upon questioning they confessed to having been in Isabella's pay. Before Isabella could be taken into custody, she fled to Fontevraud Abbey, where she died on 4 June 1246.

By her own prior arrangement, she was first buried in the Abbey's churchyard, as an act of repentance for her many misdeeds. On a visit to Fontevraud, her son King Henry III of England was shocked to find her buried outside the Abbey and ordered her immediately moved inside. She was finally placed beside Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Afterwards, most of her many Lusignan children, having few prospects in France, set sail for England and the court of Henry, their half-brother.

Issue
With King John of England: 5 children, all of whom survived into adulthood, including:

1.) King Henry III of England (1 October 1207-16 November 1272). Married Eleanor of Provence, by whom he had issue, including his heir, King Edward I of England.

2.) Richard, Earl of Cornwall and King of the Romans (5 January 1209-2 April 1272). Married firstly Isabel Marshal, secondly Sanchia of Provence, and thirdly Beatrice of Falkenburg. Had issue.

3.) Joan (22 July 1210-1238), the wife of King Alexander II of Scotland. Her marriage was childless.

4.) Isabella (1214-1241), the wife of Emperor Frederick II, by whom she had issue.

5.) Eleanor (1215-1275), who would marry firstly William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke; and secondly Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, by whom she had issue.

With Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche: nine children, all of whom survived into adulthood, including:

1.) Hugh XI of Lusignan (1221-1250), Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême. Married Yolande de Dreux, Countess of Penthièvre and of Porhoet, by whom he had issue.

2.) Aymer of Lusignan (1222-1260), Bishop of Winchester

3.) Agnès de Lusignan (1223-1269). Married William II de Chauvigny (d. 1270), and had issue.

4.) Alice of Lusignan (1224-9 February 1256). Married John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, by whom she had issue.

5.) Guy of Lusignan (c. 1225-1264), killed at the Battle of Lewes. (Tufton Beamish maintains that he escaped to France after the Battle of Lewes and died there in 1269).

6.) Geoffrey of Lusignan (c. 1226-1274). Married in 1259 Jeanne, Viscountess of Châtellerault, by whom he had issue.

7.) Isabella of Lusignan (c.1226/1227-14 January 1299). Married firstly before 1244 Maurice IV, seigneur de Craon (1224-1250), by whom she had issue; she married secondly, Geoffrey de Rancon.

8.) William of Lusignan (c. 1228-1296). 1st Earl of Pembroke. Married Joan de Munchensi, by whom he had issue.

9.) Marguerite de Lusignan (c. 1229-1288). Married firstly in 1243 Raymond VII of Toulouse; secondly c. 1246 Aimery IX de Thouars, Viscount of Thouars and had issue

Isabelle married de Lusignan, Count Hugh X on 10 May 1220 in France. Hugh was born in Jan 1183 in Lusignan, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France; died on 5 Jun 1249 in Damietta, Egypt; was buried after 5 Jun 1249 in Abbey of Valence, Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabelle married Plantagenet, King John Lackland of England on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. John (son of Plantagenet, King of England Henry II and of Aquitaine, Queen Eleanor) was born on 31 Dec 1166 in Kings Manor House (Historical), Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 18 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried on 19 Oct 1216 in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Surrey
• FSID: 9Q6H-FC9

Notes:

Not to be confused with
Alice de Lusignan (or Alice of Angoulême) (1236 – May 1290), first wife of Marcher baron Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, and half-niece of King Henry III of England.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_de_Lusignan_of_Angoul%C3%AAme
geni.com

Alice de Lusignan, de Angouleme
Also Known As: "Alice de Angouleme", "Alice de Lusignan", "de Angouleme", "de Lindsay"
Birthdate: 1236
Birthplace: Lusignan, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France
Death: April 1290 (53-54)
Warren, Sussex, England

Immediate Family:
Daughter of Hugh XI of Lusignan, count of La Marche and Yolande de Dreux

Wife of Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester and Gilbert de Lindsay, of Molesworth
Mother of
Isabella de Clare, Baroness Berkeley and
Johanna MacDuff

Sister of Hugues de Lusignan, Comte de la Marche; Marie de Lusignan; Isabelle de Lusignan; Geoffrey de Lusignan; Guy de Lusignan; and Yolande de Lusignan

Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Surrey (1224 – 9 February 1256) was the half-sister of King Henry III of England and the wife of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey. Shortly after her arrival in England from France in 1247, her half-brother arranged her marriage to the Earl, which incurred some resentment from the English nobility.

Alice was a member of the House of Lusignan born in Lusignan, Poitou, France in 1224, as the second eldest daughter of Hugh X de Lusignan, "le Brun", Seigneur de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Isabella of Angoulême, queen dowager of England. She had five full brothers and three full sisters, besides her royal half-siblings from her mother's first marriage.
Lusignan, Vienne, France, the birthplace of Alice le Brun de Lusignan

In 1247, a year after her mother's death, Alice accompanied the new papal legate William of Modena, the Cardinal Bishop of Sabina, to England, which she had decided to make her home, and live at the expense of the Crown. In August of that year, her half-brother, King Henry married her to John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey (August 1231 - 29 September 1304). The marriage caused some resentment amongst the English nobility, as they considered the King's Lusignan siblings to be parasites and a liability to the Kingdom. Many prestigious honours and titles were granted to the Lusignans. Alice was also said to have been disdainful of all things English.
John was the son of William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey and Maud Marshal.
Together they had three children.
1. Eleanor de Warenne (1251–1282), married Sir Henry de Percy, by whom she had issue, including Henry Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick.
2. Isabella de Warenne (c.1253 - before 1292), married John Balliol, and was the mother of Edward Balliol.
3. William de Warenne (9 February 1256 - 15 December 1286). He was killed in a tournament. He married Joan de Vere, by whom he had two children, John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey, and Alice de Warenne (15 June 1287 - 23 May 1338), who in turn married Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel.
Death
Alice died in Warren, Sussex, England, on 9 February 1256 after giving birth to her only son, William. She was about thirty-two years of age.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_de_Lusignan,_Countess_of_Surrey

Alice married de Warenne, John in 1251 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England. John (son of Plantagenet, Earl William de Warenne and Marshall, Countess Matilda) was born between 8 Aug and 7 Sep 1231 in Lewes, Sussex, England; died on 29 Sep 1304 in Kennington, Kent, England; was buried on 29 Sep 1304 in Lewes Priory (Historical), Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LRC9-WZ8
• Appointments / Titles: 1247; 1st Earl of Pembroke
• Appointments / Titles: 13 Oct 1248; Knighted
• Appointments / Titles: 2 Oct 1249; Appointed joint ambassador to France
• Military: 1250, Israel; Crusades
• Appointments / Titles: 1250, Wexford, Wexford, Ireland; Earl of Wexford
• Life Event: Jun 1258; Oxford Parliament stripped foreign born Lords of their Lands and Castles.
• Life Event: Jul 1258; Jul 1258; Fled anti de Lusignan sentiment in Boulogne; had to seek the aid of Louis IX
• Life Event: 6 Apr 1264; Attempted to lynch nephew Bran de Montfort, but Dafydd ap Gruffydd intervened
• Military: 14 May 1264; Fought at the Battle of Lewes
• Military: 21 May 1264; Fought under Prince Edward "Longshanks" in Vanguard at the Battle of Lewes.

Notes:

William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 18 May 1296), born Guillaume de Lusignan, was a French nobleman and knight who became important in English politics due to his relationship to King Henry III of England. He was heavily involved in the Second Barons' War, supporting the King and Prince Edward against the rebels led by Simon de Montfort. He took the name de Valence after his birthplace, Valence, near Lusignan.

He was the fourth son of Isabella of Angoulême, widow of John, King of England, and her second husband, Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, and was thus a half-brother to Henry III, and uncle to Edward I. William was born in the Cistercian abbey in Valence [fr], Couhé-Vérac, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, near Lusignan, sometime in the late 1220s (his elder sister Alice was born in 1224).

The French conquest of Poitou in 1246 created great difficulties for William's family, and so he and his brothers, Guy de Lusignan and Aymer, accepted Henry III's invitation to come to England in 1247. The King found important positions for all of them; William was soon married to a great heiress, Joan de Munchensi or Munchensy (c. 1230 – after 20 Sep 1307), the only surviving child of Warin de Munchensi, lord of Swanscombe, and his first wife Joan Marshal, who was one of the five daughters of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke suo jure. As an eventual co-heiress of the Marshal estates, Joan de Munchensi's portion included the castle and lordship of Pembroke and the lordship erected earldom of Wexford in Ireland. The custody of Joan's property was entrusted to her husband, who apparently assumed the lordships of Pembroke and Wexford between 1250 and 1260.

This favoritism to royal relatives was unpopular with many of the English nobility, a discontent which would culminate in the Second Barons' War. It did not take long for William to make enemies in England. From his new lands in South Wales, he tried to regain the palatine rights which had been attached to the Earldom of Pembroke, but his energies were not confined to this. The King heaped lands and honors upon him, and he was soon thoroughly hated as one of the most prominent of the rapacious foreigners. Moreover, some trouble in Wales led to a quarrel between him and Simon de Montfort, who was to become the figurehead for the rebels. He refused to comply with the provisions imposed on the King at Oxford in 1258, and took refuge in Wolvesey Castle at Winchester, where he was besieged and compelled to surrender and leave the country.
However, in 1259 William and de Montfort were formally reconciled in Paris, and in 1261 Valence was again in England and once more enjoying the royal favor. He fought for Henry at the disastrous Battle of Lewes, and after the defeat again fled to France, while de Montfort ruled England. However, by 1265 he was back, landing in Pembrokeshire, and taking part in the Siege of Gloucester and the final royalist victory at Evesham. After the battle he was restored to his estates and accompanied Prince Edward, afterwards Edward I, to Palestine.

From his base in Pembrokeshire he was a mainstay of the English campaigns against Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and later Dafydd ap Gruffudd; in the war of 1282–3 that led to the conquest of Wales he negotiated the surrender of one of Dafydd's last remaining castles, Castell-y-Bere, with its custodian, Cynfrig ap Madog. He also went several times to France on public business and he was one of Edward's representatives in the famous suit over the succession to the crown of Scotland in 1291 and 1292.
William de Valence died at Bayonne on the 13 Jun 1296; his body is buried at Westminster Abbey.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Valence,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke

=================

Medieval Lands:
GUILLAUME de Lusignan "de Valence" ([Cistercian Abbey of Valence, near Lusignan] after 1225-in England [1294/18 May 1296], bur Westminster Abbey). His parentage is stated by Matthew Paris, when he records his visit to England in 1247 to his uterine half-brother King Henry III with his older brother and his sister. Seigneur de Valence, de Montignac, de Bellac, de Rancon et de Champagnac. Matthew Paris records the performance of "Willelmus frater dominus regis uterinus congonomento de Valentia" in a tournament in 1248, and in many other tournaments. He styled himself Lord of Pembroke, but was never invested with the earldom of Pembroke. The testament of "Hugo de Lezignen comes Marchie", dated 8 Aug 1248, appoints as his heirs "Hugonem Brunum comitem Angolisme, Guidonem, Gaufridum, Willelmum de Vallencia, milites, et Ademarum, clericum, filios meos". He joined the crusade in 1250 with King Henry III, the group meeting at Bermondsey 27 Apr. He committed a violent outrage at the manor of the Bishop of Ely at Hatfield, Hertfordshire in 1252. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “dominus Emerinus electus Wyntoniæ, Willelmus de Walencia, et alii duo…fratres domini regis” refused to swear fidelity to the king in 1258. William of Tyre (Continuation) records his arrival in Palestine 23 Aug 1272. Lieutenant of England 1285. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Willelmus de Walence, patruus domini regis” died in 1295. m (before 13 Aug 1247) JOAN Munchensy, daughter of WARIN Munchensy Lord of Swanscombe & his wife Joan Marshal of Pembroke (-1307 before 20 Sep). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Johannam" as the daughter of "Warino de Montecaniso" and his wife, adding that she married "domino Willihelmo de Valentia". Matthew Paris names her and her father when he records her marriage. A charter dated 13 Aug 1247 ordered "William de Valence the king’s brother and Joan his wife to have seisin of the lands which belonged to John de Muntchesny of the inheritance of Walter Marshall late Earl of Pembroke, and which after John’s death ought to descend to Joan as his sister and heir".

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANGOULEME.htm#GuillaumeLusignanValencedied12941296

==============

Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson, Vol 1 pg 46, 58, 190, 232; Vol 3 pg 124/254/380; Vol 4 pg 48-49/60/61; Vol 5 pg 115
Knt., seigneur of Valence, Montignae, Bellac, Rancon, and Champagnac, Constable of Goodrich and Pembroke Castles, 1247, Warden of the Town and Castle of Hertford, 1247, 1251, Steward of the manors of Stamford and Grantham, Lincolnshire, 1258, Privy Councillor, Contable of Kilgarran Castle, 1275, Seneschal of the Agenois, 1279, Constable and Keeper of Bergavenny Castle, 1281, Constable of Kilgaran Castle, 1282, Guardian and Lieutenant of England, 1285, and, in right of his wife, Lord (or Earl) of Pembroke, and Lord of the Towns of Ross, Carnbothe, andClumene, co. Wexford, Ireland, 4th son of Hugues [X] le Brun (or de Lusignan), Count of la Marche and Angouleme, seigneur of Lusignan, Chateau-Larcher, Montreuil-Bonnin, and la Morthe-Saint-Heray de Lusignan, by Isabel, widow of John, King of England, and daughter and heiress of Ademar III Taillefer, Count of Angouleme. He was born after 1225.

He was the uterine half-brother of King Henry III of England. In 1247 William and his brothers, Guy and Aymer, and their sister, Alice, came to England at the invitation of their half-brother, King Henry III. In 1248 he was granted the manor of Bampton, Oxfordshire by the king. He was appointed joint Ambassador to France in 1249. He took the cross 6 Mar 1250, but did not go to the Holy Land. He was with the king in Aquitaine in 1253-4. He quarreled with Simon de Montfort in the Parliament of 1257. In 1260 he was appointed one of the king's representatives to negotiate a peace with France, and returned to England with Prince Edward about Easter 1261. He was again with the king in France in 1262. In 1263 he served with the king at the Siege of Northampton in April and fought at the Battle of Lewes 14 May. He escaped to Pevensey, and thence to France. In May 1265 he landed in Pembrokeshire with an armed force and joined Edward and Gloucester. He took part in the Siege of Gloucester in June, the attack on Kenilworth 1 Aug, and the Battle of Evesham 4 Aug. He took the cross again 24 Jun 1268. Sometime before 7 Feb 1270 he granted to Nicholas Fit Martin, Knt., his wife, Isabel, and to their heirs 50 marks of yearly rent to be gotten from the lands and tenements which formerly belonged to Peter Fitz Matthew, Knt.; together with all arrears which were owing to him, namely 400 pounds, on account of detinue of 50 marks, whereof he had a grant of the king in 1257; for which quitclaim, Nicholas Fitz Martin gave him 720 marks. He went on Crusade to the Holy Land with Prince Edward in 1270-3. He acted constantly for King Edward I in Aquitaine in 1273-9. In 1274-5 William and Joan his wife arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against Gilbert [de Clare], Earl of Gloucester, and Robert de Boyton touching a tenement in Woolstone, Buckinghamshire. In 1279 he served as ambassador to the King of Castile. In Jul 1282 he was appointed commander of the army of West Wales. In Aug 1282 he was granted protection in Ireland for one year, he staying in England on the king's business. In 1283 he forced David ap Griffith to surrender by taking his stronghold at Bere in Snowdonia. He presented to the churches of Whitechurch, Herefordshire, 1289, and Ganarew, Herefordshire, 1293. In 1289 he was engaged in negotiating the Treaty of Salisbury with Scotland. In 1291 he, his wife, sons, and household were granted a papal indult for a portable altar. In 1292 he was appointed joint commissioner for the armament of the kingdom. In 1294 he and the Earl of Norfolk suppressed the revolt in South Wales. In Jan 1296 he headed an embassey to Cambrai in a fruitless attempt to negotiate between King Edward I of England and King Philippe IV of France.

William married de Munchensi, Joan on 13 Aug 1247 in Valence, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Joan (daughter of de Munchensy, Warin and Marshal, Lady Joane) was born in 1230 in Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 20 Sep 1307 in Valence, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; was buried on 30 Sep 1307 in Swanscombe, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duke of Aquitaine
• Appointments / Titles: King
• Appointments / Titles: King of England
• Appointments / Titles: Lord of Ireland
• FSID: 9C69-MKH
• Occupation: King Of England 1216-1272
• Appointments / Titles: Between 4 Nov 1216 and 24 May 1220; King of England
• Burial: 27 Nov 1272, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England

Henry married Berenger, Eleanor on 14 Jan 1236 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Eleanor (daughter of Berenger, Count Raimund IV and de Savoie, Countess Béatrice) was born on 1 Jul 1223 in Aix, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; was christened in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 25 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; was buried on 11 Sep 1291 in Abbey of St. Mary and St. Melor, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 7th Earl of Surrey
• Appointments / Titles: 8th Earl of Warren
• Appointments / Titles: Sir Knight
• FSID: LCTG-XCG

William married de Vere, Joan in 1283 in Surrey, England. Joan (daughter of de Vere, Earl Robert and de Sanford, Alice) was born in 1264 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 28 Nov 1293 in Lewes, Sussex, England; was buried on 21 Nov 1293 in Lewes Priory (Historical), Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GKNT-1QM

Notes:

Isabel de Valence (died 5 October 1305), married before 1280 John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (6 May 1262 – 10 February 1313). They had:
William Hastings (1282–1311)
John Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings (29 September 1286 – 20 January 1325), married to Juliane de Leybourne (died 1367). Their son Lawrence later became 1st Earl of Pembroke of the Hastings family.
Sir Hugh Hastings of Sutton (died 1347)
Elizabeth Hastings (1294 – 6 March 1353), married Roger Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Ruthyn.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Valence%2C_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke

Isabel married de Hastings, John II before 1280. John was born on 6 May 1262 in Allesley, Warwickshire, England; died on 28 Feb 1313 in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales; was buried on 28 Feb 1313 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Hammer of the Scots
• Appointments / Titles: King of England
• Appointments / Titles: The Best Lance in the World
• Appointments / Titles: The Edward Justian
• Appointments / Titles: The Flower of Chivalry
• Nickname: Longshanks
• FSID: LHWS-PRY
• Occupation: Peerage of England
• Religion: Roman Catholic
• Military: 21 May 1264; Battle of Lewes
• Appointments / Titles: 1265; Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
• Military: 2 Jul 1271, Nazareth, Israel; 7th or 9th Crusade: After capturing Nazareth in 1271, he massacred all the Muslims found within its walls. In retaliation for this savagery, an Assassin with a poisoned dagger stabbed him three times, but his life was saved by his wife's prompt action of sucking the poison from the wounds, and by his vigorous constitution which resisted whatever poison remained in his system. So in 1272 he negotiated and signed a 10 year truce before heading home, which is when he learned of his father’s death. He finally reached England in 1274 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey on August 19th.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; Duke of Aquitaine
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; King of England
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; Lord of Ireland
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; Lord of Scotland
• Appointments / Titles: 26 Aug 1274, Westminster, London, England; Coronation as King of England
• Military: Between 1276 and 1277, Wales; Supressed a minor rebellion in Wales.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1279 and 1281; Count of Ponthieu
• Military: Between 1282 and 1283, Wales; He responded to a second rebellion with a full scale war of conquest. After this success he subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the country and settled them with English settlers.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1290 and 1306; Lord of Scotland
• Military: 1293, France; War between England and France broke out in 1293 as a result of the efforts of France to curb Edwards’s power in Gascony. He lost Gascony in 1293 and did not regain it until 1303.
• Military: 1296, Scotland; After invading and conquering Scotland, he declared himself King of that realm.
• Military: 1298, Scotland; In winning the Battle of Falkirk led by Sir William Wallace, he achieved the greatest military triumph of his career, but failed to crush Scottish opposition. Wallace was captured and executed in 1305.

Notes:

Reign 16 November 1272[1] – 7 July 1307
Coronation 19 August 1274
Predecessor Henry III
Successor Edward II
Born 17/18 June 1239 Palace of Westminster, London, England
Died 7 July 1307 (aged 68) Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England
Burial Westminster Abbey, London, England
Spouse Eleanor of Castile (m. 1254–1290)
Margaret of France (m. 1299–1307)
Issue Eleanor, Countess of Bar
Joan, Countess of Hertford
Alphonso, Earl of Chester
Margaret, Duchess of Brabant
Mary of Woodstock
Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford
Henry
Edward II of England
Thomas, Earl of Norfolk
Edmund, Earl of Kent
House Plantagenet
Father Henry III of England
Mother Eleanor of Provence

Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster on 19 August.

He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, Edward investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs. After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276–77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282–83 with a full-scale war of conquest. After a successful campaign, Edward subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people. Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland. Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom. In the war that followed, the Scots persevered, even though the English seemed victorious at several points. At the same time there were problems at home. In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition. These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled. When the King died in 1307, he left to his son, Edward II, an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.

Edward I was a tall man for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks". He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries. Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith. Modern historians are divided on their assessment of the King: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility. Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes. At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England. The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it would be over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1656.

He was involved early in the political intrigues of his father’s reign, which included rebellion by the English Barons. In 1259 he sided with a Baronial Reform Movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford.

On 24 December 1264 he was forced to deliver the Earldom of Chester into the hands of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester just before his escape. In late June 1260, Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pledge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264 Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth. As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight, Edward seized the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's forces (de Montfort was in London) crippled rebel forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, & after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached London so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry & Edward were practicing fierce cruelty by chopping off the nads & feet of all common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. The Cinque Ports & Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey Henry & Edward's command for a naval force to attack London. Thwarted, Edward takes Gilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle. Simon continued to hold London, but was surrounded by Edward & Henry. In May 1264, the Bishop of Chichester tried to convince Henry III to negotiate, but he refused. The Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) try to do the same on the eve of the Battle of Lewes; again Henry refuses. At Lewes, Montfort was outnumbered 2:1; Royalist forces numbered some 10,000. Montfort introduced a new strategy to warfare; he established a reserve command to be commanded by him, plus he introduced the concept of the night march. He was thought to be miles away by the Royalist forces on the eve of the battle, but he & his army undertook a night march to focre the battle on May 14, 1264. Henry was utterly taken by surprise, & his garrison lodged at the Priory were in some confusion; however, Edward, who garrisoned his men at Lewes Castle, was able to meet the rebel left flank of greenhorn & untrained Londoners under the command of Nicholas de Segrave. Edward routed them with no care for the "rules" of war in that he & his knights undertook a pursuit miles away from the battle only to slay every man they could find. This was thought caused by the Londoner's steadfast support for Monfort and their animosity toward Henry & especially Edward's mother Queen Eleanor (including the London mob's attack on her barge July 1263). From these beginnings Edward had a lifelong hatred for Londoners. On the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264, after Henry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) to negotiate, Simon formally renounced all allegiance to Henry, & was followed by his men. Including Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, Humfrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", John Giffard, Sir John FitzJohn, Nicholas de Segrave, & Robert de Vere. Clare & Vere had the most to lose of any rebel supporters. At the battle itself, the left flank of green & hastily trained but no battle-experience Londoners was under the command of Nicholas de Segrave with 2nd an inexperienced John Giffard; the right flank was commanded by Simon's sons Henry & Guy de Montfort (Bran still being held in captivity at Windsor Castle by Henry) with 2nd Humphrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", the center column was commanded by Gilbert de Clare, 2nded by Sir John FitzJohn, with Simon himself commanding the new reserve force 2nded by Hugh le Despenser. For the Royalists, Henry commanded the center column, Richard of Cornwall commanded the left flank, & Edward commanded the vanguard. Royalist forces outnumbered the rebels by some 2:1 with some 10,000 men. Henry's force was augmented by a Scots force sent by his son in law Alexander III the Glorious, King of Scotland. With Edward were Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Hugh le Bigod, Henry Plantagenet of Almaine, Richard of Cornwall's son (& Edward's cousin & Simon's nephew), & John de Warenne. At the time of the battle, Simon was thought to be miles away, & still unable to ride a horse due to his broken leg. After Edward had absented himself from the field so long (carrying out his vengeance on the Londoners) Simon attacked & obliterated King Henry's force. Henry fled to the Priory. Richard of Cornwall was captured by Gilbert de Clare. When Edward & his men found out, Edward was urged to flee to Pevensey Castle & from there toward France. Edward refused to abandon his father, but the de Lusignans fled the battle, as did John de Warenne, Hugh le Bigod, Dafydd ap Gruddydd & over 300 knights. Only Edward's cousin Henry of Almaine (Richard of Cornwall's son) & Edwards’s household knights remained with him. Edward got through John FitzJohn's surrounding encampment to his father in the priory; Simon then offered a 12 hour truce & accepted their surrender the following morning. Lewes resulted in 2700 known dead (one of every five men). Under the Mise of Lewes, the Oxford Provisions were again reinstated as the law of the land, with an arbitration commission. Under no circumstances could Henry appoint aliens onto his council. Henry's extravagant spending was also to be brought under control & he to live within his means & pay off his enormous debts. A full amnesty was proclaimed for all rebels. No ransoms were to be paid for men captured neither at Lewes nor earlier at Northampton. Edward & Henry of Almaine surrendered themselves as hostages for their fathers' good faith. Edward was confined at Wallingford Castle with Richard of Cornwall. King Henry was lodged securely at the palace of the Bishop of London, In June 1264; Simon called a Parliament, one that included knights & town officials. The effect of Lewes that while Henry was still King, Simon had command of the realm. He also called for the terms of the Chivalric code to cover not only knights, but also commoners & Jews. In October 1264, the Pope (who hated Simon & the English Lords who had refused to succor his (the Pope's) abortive plans for Sicily) formally excommunicated Simon, his sons Henry, Bran & Guy, Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, the Mayor of London Thomas Fitz Thomas, & many of their supporters. The Bishops of Worcester, London & Winchester refused to publish the sentence of anathema; the Pope laid England under Interdict Oct 21 1264, but the English clergy continued to support Simon & services & rites of the Church continued to be performed. Fought against and defeated Simon de Montfort (his uncle) in the Battle of Evesham and on 4 August 1265 took back his title with the death of Simon.

He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. He suppressed corruption in the administration of justice and passed legislation allowing feudal barons and the crown to collect revenues from properties willed to the church. He crushed clerical opposition when Pope Clement V allowed him in 1306 to suspend Archbishop Robert de Winchelsey. Early in his reign he divided the Curis Regis into three courts. 1) The Court of Kings Bench, to deal with criminal offenses reserved for the Kings judgment and with suits in which he was himself concerned; 2) The Court of Exchequer, to deal with all matters touching the Kings revenue; and 3) The Court of Common Pleas, to deal with suits between subject and subject. Edward took care that these courts should administer justice and dismissed judges and many other officials for corruption. He gave Scotland new constitution and representation in English Parliament.
While some historians have praised him for his contribution to the law, others have criticized him for his uncompromising attitude toward his nobility. Accomplishments include: Restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, Establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, reforming the law through statutes. His criticisms include: His brutal conduct towards the Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290 (by which the Jews were expelled from England and would take over 350 yrs before it was overturned in 1656 by Oliver Cromwell).

Family/Spouse: of Castille, Queen of England Eleanor. Eleanor was born in 1241 in Burgos, Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain; died on 5 Dec 1290 in Harby, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried on 24 Dec 1290 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married de France, Marguerite on 8 Sep 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Marguerite (daughter of de France, Philip III and de Brabant, Maria) was born in 1279 in Paris, Île-de-France, France; died on 14 Feb 1318 in Marlborough Castle, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England; was buried after 14 Feb 1318 in Greyfriars, London, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess
• FSID: MR85-LG8
• Appointments / Titles: 9 Mar 1302; Countess of Arundel

Notes:

Wikipedia info: "Alice de Warenne, Countess of Arundel (15 June 1287 – 23 May 1338) was an English noblewoman and heir apparent to the Earldom of Surrey. In 1305, she married Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel.
Family
Alice, the only daughter of William de Warenne (1256-1286) and Joan de Vere, was born on 15 June 1287 in Warren, Sussex, six months after her father was accidentally killed in a tournament on 15 December 1286. On the death of her paternal grandfather, John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey in 1304, her only sibling John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey succeeded to the earldom. He became estranged from his childless wife and they never reconciled, leaving Alice as the heir presumptive to the Surrey estates and title.

Marriage to the Earl of Arundel
In 1305, Alice married Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel, the son of Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel and Alice of Saluzzo. He had initially refused her, for reasons which were not recorded; however, by 1305, he had changed his mind and they were wed. They had nine recorded children, and their chief residence was Arundel Castle in Sussex. Arundel inherited his title on 9 March 1302 upon his father's death. He was summoned to Parliament as Lord Arundel in 1306, and was later one of the Lords Ordainers. He also took part in the Scottish wars.

The Earl of Arundel and his brother-in-law John de Warenne were the only nobles who remained loyal to King Edward II, after Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March returned to England in 1326. He had allied himself to the King's favourite Hugh le Despenser, and agreed to the marriage of his son to Despenser's granddaughter. Arundel had previously been granted many of the traitor Mortimer's forfeited estates, and was appointed Justice of Wales in 1322 and Warden of the Welsh Marches in 1325. He was also made Constable of Montgomery Castle which became his principal base.

The Earl of Arundel was captured in Shropshire by the Queen's party. On 17 November 1326 in Hereford, Arundel was beheaded by order of the Queen, leaving Alice de Warenne a widow. Her husband's estates and titles were forfeited to the Crown following Arundel's execution, but later restored to her eldest son, Richard.[citation needed]

Alice died before 23 May 1338, aged 50. Her brother died in 1347 without legitimate issue, thus the title of Surrey eventually passed to Alice's son, Richard."

Alice married Rufford, Thomas Hesketh in 1295. Thomas was born in 1275 in Ormskirk, Lancashire, England; died in 1304 in Gawsworth, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married FitzAlan, Lord Edmund in 1305. Edmund (son of FitzAlan, Lord Richard and of Saluzzo, Countess Alisona) was born on 1 May 1285 in Arundel, Sussex, England; died on 25 Nov 1326 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales; Baroness of Grey
• FSID: K427-CQ9

Notes:

«b»Biography«/b»
Elizabeth de Hastings was a daughter of Sir John de Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings, by his 1st wife Isabel de Valence.

She married Sir Roger de Grey, a younger son of the 2nd Lord Grey of Wilton. Her husband had a goodly chunk of the family property settled on him, including Ruthin Castle, and became the 1st Lord Grey of Ruthin.

«b»Children:«/b»
1.) Sir John

2.) Sir Reynold, who succeeded

3.) Julian, wife of Sir John Talbot, of Richard's Castle

4.) Mary, wife of Sir John de Burgh

5.) Joan, wife of Sir William de Patshull

6.) Maud, wife of William de la Roche

Family/Spouse: de Grey, Roger. Roger was born in 1298 in Ruthin Castle, Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales; died on 6 Mar 1353 in Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales; was buried after 6 Mar 1353 in Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Plantagenet
• FSID: MCT9-W4B

Notes:

Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (7 August 1282 – 5 May 1316) was the eighth and youngest daughter of King Edward I and Queen Eleanor of Castile. Of all of her siblings, she was closest to her younger brother King Edward II, as they were only two years apart in age.

In April 1285 there were negotiations with Floris V for Elizabeth's betrothal to his son John I, Count of Holland. The offer was accepted and John was sent to England to be educated. On 8 January 1297 Elizabeth was married to John at Ipswich. In attendance at the marriage were Elizabeth's sister Margaret, her father, Edward I of England, her brother Edward, and Humphrey de Bohun. After the wedding Elizabeth was expected to go to Holland with her husband, but did not wish to go, leaving her husband to go alone. It is recorded that while in Ipswich the King, in some outburst, threw his daughter's coronet into the fire: a great ruby and a great emerald were supplied by Adam the Goldsmith for stones lost as a result.

After some time traveling England, it was decided Elizabeth should follow her husband. Her father accompanied her, traveling through the Southern Netherlands between Antwerp, Mechelen, Leuven and Brussels, before ending up in Ghent. There, they remained for a few months, spending Christmas with her two sisters Eleanor and Margaret. On 10 November 1299, John died of dysentery, though there were rumours of his murder. No children had been born from the marriage.

On her return trip to England, Elizabeth went through Brabant to see her sister Margaret. When she arrived in England, she met her stepmother Margaret, whom Edward had married while she was in Holland. On 14 November 1302 Elizabeth was married to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, 3rd of Essex, also Constable of England, at Westminster Abbey.

The children of Elizabeth and Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford were:

1. Margaret de Bohun (born 1302 - died 7 Feb. 1304).
2. Humphrey de Bohun (born c. Oct. 1303 - died c. Oct. 1304).
3. Lady Eleanor de Bohun (17 October 1304 – 1363)
4. John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (23 November 1306 – 1335)
5. Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (6 December c. 1309 – 1361)
6. Margaret de Bohun, 2nd Countess of Devon (3 April 1311 – 1391)
7. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (1312–1360).
8. Edward de Bohun (1312–1334), twin of William
9. Eneas de Bohun, (1314 - after 1322); he is mentioned in his father's will
10. Isabel de Bohun (b&d 5 May 1316)

During Christmas 1315, Elizabeth, who was pregnant with her eleventh child, was visited by her sister-in-law, Queen Isabella of France. On 5 May 1316 she went into labour, giving birth to her daughter Isabella. Both Elizabeth and her daughter Isabella died shortly after the birth, and were buried together in Walden Abbey Church, Walden Essex. [1]

[1] Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Wikipedia.

Elizabeth married de Bohun, Earl Humphrey on 14 Nov 1302 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England. Humphrey (son of de Bohun, Humphrey) was born in 1276 in Pleshey Castle, Pleshey, Essex, England; died on 16 Mar 1322 in Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, England; was buried after 16 Mar 1322 in Blackfriars (demolished), Pontefract, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 93ZS-SVW
• Appointments / Titles: 1 Jun 1300; Prince of England
• Appointments / Titles: 16 Dec 1312; 1st Earl of Norfolk
• Appointments / Titles: 10 Feb 1316; 1st Earl Mashall of England
• Will: 18 Aug 1338, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England

Notes:

Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 – August 1338), was a younger son of King Edward I (1272-1307) by his wife Margaret of France and was a younger half-brother of King Edward II (1307-1327). He occupied the office of Earl Marshal of England.
Born 1 June 1300 Brotherton, Yorkshire
Died 4 August 1338 (aged 38) Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, England
Burial Bury St Edmunds Abbey, Suffolk
Title 1st Earl of Norfolk
Tenure 1312 – 1338
Known for Younger half-brother of Edward II of England
Years active 1316 – 1338
Wars Second War of Scottish Independence
Battle of Halidon Hill
Offices Earl Marshal
Successor Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk
Spouse(s) Alice Hales
Mary Brewes
Issue Edward of Norfolk
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk
Alice of Norfolk
Parents Edward I of England
Margaret of France

Early life
Thomas of Brotherton, born 1 June 1300, was the fifth son of Edward I, and the eldest son of his second marriage to Margaret (1279?–1318), the daughter of Philippe III of France (d.1285). He was born at the manor house at Brotherton, Yorkshire, while his mother was on her way to Cawood, where her confinement was scheduled to take place. According to Hilton, Margaret was staying at Pontefract Castle and was following a hunt when she went into labour. The chronicler William Rishanger records that during the difficult delivery his mother prayed, as was the custom at the time, to Thomas Becket, and Thomas of Brotherton was thus named after the saint and his place of birth.

Edward I quickly rushed to the queen and the newborn baby and had him presented with two cradles. His brother Edmund was born in the year after that. They were overseen by wet nurses until they were six years old. Like their parents, they learned to play chess and to ride horses. They were visited by nobles and their half-sister Mary of Woodstock, who was a nun. Their mother often accompanied Edward on his campaigns to Scotland, but kept herself well-informed on their well-being.

His father died when he was 7 years old. Thomas's half-brother, Edward, became king of England and Thomas was heir presumptive until his nephew Edward was born in 1312. The Earldom of Cornwall had been intended for Thomas, but Edward instead bestowed it upon his favourite, Piers Gaveston, in 1306. When Thomas was 10 years old, Edward assigned to him and his brother Edmund, the estates of Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk who had died without heirs in 1306.

Career
In 1312, he was titled "Earl of Norfolk" and on 10 February 1316 he was created Earl Marshal. While his brother was away fighting in Scotland, he was left Keeper of England. He was known for his hot and violent temper. He was one of the many victims of the unchecked greed of the king's new favourite, Hugh Despenser the Younger and his father Hugh Despenser the Elder, who stole some of the young earl's lands. He allied himself with Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer when they invaded England in 1326, and stood as one of the judges in the trials against both Despensers. When his nephew Edward III reached his majority and took the government into his own hands Thomas became one of his principal advisors. It was in the capacity of Lord Marshal that he commanded the right wing of the English army at the Battle of Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333.

He died about 20 September 1338, and was buried in the choir of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds.

He was succeeded by his daughter, Margaret, as Countess of Norfolk. She was later created Duchess of Norfolk for life in 1397.

As a son of Edward I of England, he was entitled to bear the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England, differenced by a label argent of three points.

Marriages and issue
He married firstly, before 8 January 1326, Alice de Hales (d. before 12 October 1330), daughter of Sir Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon in Roughton, Norfolk, by his wife, Alice, by whom he had a son and two daughters:

Edward of Norfolk, who married Beatrice de Mortimer, daughter of Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, but died without issue before 9 August 1334.
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, who married firstly John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, and secondly Sir Walter Manny.
Alice of Norfolk, who married Sir Edward de Montagu.
Alice Hales died by October 1330, when a chantry was founded for her soul in Bosham, Sussex.

He married secondly, before 4 April 1336, Mary de Brewes (died 11 June 1362), widow of Sir Ralph de Cobham, (d. 5 February 1326), and daughter of Sir Peter de Brewes (d. before 7 February 1312) of Tetbury, Gloucestershire, by Agnes de Clifford (d. before 1332), by whom he had no surviving issue.

Thomas married Hales, Lady Alice before 8 Jan 1326 in Loddon, Norfolk, England. Alice (daughter of Hales, Sir Roger and Hales, Lady Alice) was born in 1302 in Loddon, Norfolk, England; died before 12 Oct 1330 in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England; was buried after 12 Oct 1330 in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 10th Earl of Arundel and Surrey
• Appointments / Titles: Knight of the Garter
• Life Event: Peerage of England
• Nickname: Copped Hat
• FSID: KFLJ-T3Q
• Appointments / Titles: 21 Jan 1959; Earl Of Arundel

Richard married Despencer, Countess Isabel on 17 Feb 1320 in King's Chapel, Havering atte Bower, Essex, England. Isabel was born in 1314 in Winchester, Hampshire, England; died on 19 Jan 1371 in Arundel, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Plantagenet, Eleanor of Lancaster on 5 Feb 1344 in Lancashire, England. Eleanor (daughter of Plantagenet, Henry and de Chaworth, Maud) was born on 11 Sep 1318 in Grismond or Grosmont Castle (destroyed), Grosmont, Monmouthshire, Wales; died on 19 Jan 1372 in Arundel Castle, Arundel, Sussex, England; was buried after 19 Jan 1872 in Lewes Priory (Historical), Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GFFY-CSP

Family/Spouse: d'Isney, Sir William IV. William was born in 1313 in Norton Disney, Lincolnshire, England; died in 1400 in Norton Disney, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: K24L-MWK
• Appointments / Titles: Between 24 Mar 1312 and 1360; 5th Earl of Essex
• Appointments / Titles: Between 24 Mar 1312 and 1360; Earl of Northampton
• Appointments / Titles: 1337; Earl of Northampton creation
• Military: 1339, French Flanders (Historical), Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; accompanied the King
• Military: 24 Jun 1340, Sluis, Sluis-Aardenburg, Zeeland, Netherlands; Battle of Slyus
• Military: 30 Sep 1342, Morlaix, Finistère, Bretagne, France; Commander at the Battle of Morlaix
• Military: 26 Aug 1346, Crécy, Somme, Picardie, France; Commander at Battle of Crécy
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1349 and 1360; High Sheriff of Rutland
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1349 and 1360; Knight of the Garter
• Occupation: Between 1352 and 1355; Admiral of the Northern Seas, Fleet

Notes:

William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, KG (c. 1312 – 16 September 1360) was an English nobleman and military commander. He was the fifth son of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan. He had a twin brother, Edward. His maternal grandparents were Edward I of England and his first Queen consort Eleanor of Castile.

William de Bohun assisted at the arrest of Roger Mortimer in 1330, allowing Edward III to take power. After this, he was a trusted friend and commander of the king and he participated in the renewed wars with Scotland.

In 1332, he received many new properties: Hinton and Spaine in Berkshire; Great Haseley, Ascott, Deddington, Pyrton and Kirtlington in Oxfordshire; Wincomb in Buckinghamshire; Longbenington in Lincolnshire; Kneesol in Nottinghamshire; Newnsham in Gloucestershire, Wix in Essex, and Bosham in Sussex.

In 1335, he married Elizabeth de Badlesmere. Her parents Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere, and Margaret de Clare had both turned against Edward II the decade before. Elizabeth and William were granted some of the property of Elizabeth's first husband, who had also been Mortimer's son and heir.

William was created Earl of Northampton in 1337, one of the six earls created by Edward III to renew the ranks of the higher nobility. Since de Bohun was a younger son, and did not have an income suitable to his rank, he was given an annuity until suitable estates could be found.

In 1349 he became a Knight of the Garter. He served as High Sheriff of Rutland from 1349 until his death in 1360.

In 1339 he accompanied the King to Flanders. He served variously in Brittany and in Scotland, and was present at the great English victories at Sluys and was a commander at Crécy. His most stunning feat was commanding an English force to victory against a much bigger French force at the Battle of Morlaix in 1342. Some of the details are in dispute, but it is clear that he made good use of pit traps, which stopped the French cavalry.

In addition to being a warrior, William was also a renowned diplomat. He negotiated two treaties with France, one in 1343 and one in 1350. He was also charged with negotiating in Scotland for the freedom of King David Bruce, King of Scots, who was held prisoner by the English.

From the 8 March 1352 to 5 March 1355 he was appointed Admiral of the Northern Seas, Fleet.

Issue
1. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (1341–1373)
- Eleanor de Bohun (1366 - October 3, 1399); married Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Edward III; mother of Anne of Gloucester.
- Mary de Bohun (1368–1394); mother of Henry V of England
2. Elizabeth de Bohun (c. 1350–1385); married Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel [1]

[1] William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, Wikipedia

William married de Badlesmere, Countess Elizabeth in 1335 in England. Elizabeth was born in 1313 in Badlesmere Castle, Badlesmere, Kent, England; died on 8 Jun 1356 in Caldecote, Huntingdonshire, England; was buried on 26 Jun 1356 in Blackfriars, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duchess
• Life Event: Peerage of England
• FSID: 9HKX-8B3
• Appointments / Titles: 1338; Countess of Norfolk
• Appointments / Titles: 1338; Earl Marshall of England
• Appointments / Titles: 29 Sep 1397; Duchess of Norfolk

Notes:

Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk

Spouse(s) John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave
Sir Walter Mauny
Issue
John de Segrave
John de Segrave (again)
Elizabeth de Segrave
Margaret de Segrave
Thomas Mauny
Anne Mauny
Isabel Mauny
Father Thomas of Brotherton
Mother Alice Hales
Born c.1320
Died 24 March 1399
Buried Grey Friars, London

Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Margaret, in her own right Countess of Norfolk (sometimes surnamed Brotherton or Marshal;[1] c. 1320–24 March 1399), was the daughter and eventual sole heir of Thomas of Brotherton, eldest son of Edward I, by his second marriage. In 1338 she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal.

Family
Margaret (b. about 1320), was the daughter of Thomas of Brotherton and Alice de Hales (d. in or before 1330). Her paternal grandparents were Edward I and Margaret (1279?–1318), daughter of Philippe III of France (d.1285).[2] Her maternal grandparents were Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon, Roughton, Norfolk and Alice.[3][4] She had a brother and sister:
Edward of Norfolk, who married Beatrice de Mortimer, daughter of Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, but died without issue before 9 August 1334.[5] Alice of Norfolk, who married Sir Edward de Montagu.[6]

Life
In 1335 aged 15 (the typical age of marriage for maidens of that era), she was married to John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, and proceeded to have four children - two sons and two daughters - by him. In 1350, she sought a divorce on the ground that they had been contracted in marriage (in other words betrothed) before she was of marriageable age, and that she had never consented to cohabit with him. She made known her intention of traveling to the continent in order to plead personally with the Pope for a divorce. King Edward III prohibited her from leaving England, but she set off incognito anyway, having taken care to obtain a safe conduct from the King of France.

The following year (1351) Edward III charged her with having crossed the English Channel in contravention of his prohibition.[7] The inquisition, regarding this incident, shows that Margaret unlawfully crossed the Channel and met with a servant of her future husband, Sir Walter de Mauny, who broke his lantern with his foot so she could pass unnoticed and acted as her guardian during her sojourn in France. This incident and the involvement of her future husband's retainer may indicate the real motivation for Margaret seeking a divorce.

The divorce case was ultimately heard by the Pope's auditor, the Dean of St. Hilary's at Poitiers. However, Margaret's first husband died in 1353, before the divorce could be finalized. Shortly thereafter, and just before 30 May 1354, she married Sir Walter de Mauny without the King's licence. They were married 18 years, and had three children before he died at London on 8 or 13 January 1372.[8]

On 29 September 1397, Margaret was created Duchess of Norfolk for life.[8] She died 24 March 1399, and was buried in the choir of Grey Friars in the City of London.[8]

The executors of her will are reported to be John Sileby & Walter fitz Piers, who in 1399 were reported to be attempting to recover money due to her estate.[9]

Marriages and issue
Margaret married firstly, about 1335,[4] John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, by whom she had two sons and two daughters:[10]

John de Segrave, who died young.[10]

John de Segrave (d. before 1 April 1353), second of that name, who was contracted to marry Blanche of Lancaster, younger daughter and coheiress of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. However the contract was later declared void[11] and Blanche later married John of Gaunt. About 1349, a double marriage was solemnized in which John Segrave married Blanche Mowbray, while John's sister, Elizabeth Segrave, married Blanche Mowbray's brother, John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray, Pope Clement VI having granted dispensations for the marriages at the request of Lancaster, in order to prevent 'disputes between the parents', who were neighbours.[12][13][11]

Elizabeth de Segrave, 5th Baroness Segrave, who married John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray.[11]

Margaret de Segrave, who died young, before 1353.[11]

Shortly before 30 May 1354, Margaret married secondly, and without the King's licence, Sir Walter Mauny,[14] by whom she had a son and two daughters:[11]
Thomas Mauny, who was drowned in a well at Deptford at the age of ten.[11]
Anne Mauny, who married John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke.[11]
Isabel Mauny, who was living in 1358, but died without issue before 30 November 1371.[11]
Distinction

As her brother had died without issue, she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal at her father's death in 1338. To date, she is the only woman to have held the latter office.

Fictional representations
Margaret is a character in Georgette Heyer's last novel My Lord John, where she is portrayed sympathetically as a kindly though outwardly formidable old lady.

References
1. "Brotherton [Marshal], Margaret". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53070 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F53070) . (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://global.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/) required.)
2. Waugh 2004.
3. Richardson II 2011, p. 631.
4. Archer II 2004.
5. Richardson II 2011, p. 634.
6. Richardson II 2011, pp. 634-5.
7. Richardson II 2011, pp. 637-8.
8. Richardson II 2011, p. 638.
9. Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas. National Archives; CP 40/555; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/H4/CP40no555/bCP40no555dorses/IMG_0329.htm; first entry
10. Richardson II 2011, p. 639.
11. Richardson II 2011, p. 640.
12. Cokayne 1936, p. 384.
13. Archer I 2004.
14. Sumption 2004.

Sources
Archer, Rowena E. (2004). "Mowbray, John (III), fourth Lord Mowbray (1340–1368)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19452. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Archer, Rowena E. (2004). "‘Brotherton, Margaret, suo jure duchess of Norfolk (c.1320–1399)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53070. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 380–5.

Cokayne, George Edward (1949). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. XI. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 609–10.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 144996639X.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966349.

Sumption, Jonathan (2004). "Mauny, Sir Walter (c.1310–1372)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17985. (Subscription or UK public ibrary membership required.)

Waugh, Scott L. (2004). "Thomas, first earl of Norfolk (1300–1338)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27196. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Calendar Inquisitions Miscellaneous, vol. 3, 1937

Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers: Letters, 4, 1902

Segrave, Charles, The Segrave Family: 1066 to 1935

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Family/Spouse: de Mauny, Gauthier. Gauthier was born in 1310 in England; died on 21 Jan 1372 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married de Segrave, Sir John in 1335 in England. John (son of de Segrave, Sir Stephen and FitzAlan, Lady Alice) was born on 4 May 1315 in Norfolk, England; died on 1 Apr 1353 in Bretby, Derbyshire, England; was buried on 9 Apr 1353 in Chacombe Priory, Chacombe, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]