Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LZ1V-VQ4
• Occupation: Countess of Angoloume

Notes:

Alice was born in 1160, the second eldest daughter and one of the ten children of Peter I of Courtenay and Elisabeth of Courtenay, daughter of Renauld de Courtenay and Hawise du Donjon. Her family was one of the most illustrious in France; and her paternal grandparents were King Louis VI of France and Adélaide de Maurienne.

In 1178, she married her first husband, Guillaume I, Count of Joigny. The marriage did not produce any children, and they were divorced in 1186.

Alice married her second husband, Aymer Taillefer in 1186, the same year he succeeded his father, William IV as Count of Angoulême. Sometime in 1188, Alice gave birth to her only child, Isabella of Angoulême, wife of King John of England and later Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_of_Courtenay

Alice married de Taillefer, Aymar in 1186 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Aymar (son of de Taillefer, WIlliam VI and de Limoges, Emma) was born on 23 Aug 1160 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; died on 16 Jun 1202 in Limoges, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France; was buried on 16 Jun 1202 in Abbey of Notre-Dame de La Couronne, La Couronne, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Burial: Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France
• FSID: MF7F-HQF
• Life Event: 6 Oct 1200, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England; Crowed Queen Consort of England
• Appointments / Titles: 18 Jun 1202; Countess of Angoulême
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1229 and 1246; Countess of La Marche
• Death: 4 Jun 1246, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France
• Burial: Aft 4 Jun 1246, Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France

Notes:

Wikipedia -

Isabella Taillifer of Angoulême (French: Isabelle d'Angoulême, IPA; c. 1188-4 June 1246) was queen consort of England as the second wife of King John from 1200 until John's death in 1216. She was also suo jure Countess of Angoulême from 1202 until 1246.

She had five children by the king, including his heir, later Henry III. In 1220, Isabella married Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, by whom she had another nine children.

Some of her contemporaries, as well as later writers, claim that Isabella formed a conspiracy against King Louis IX of France in 1241, after being publicly snubbed by his mother, Blanche of Castile, for whom she had a deep-seated hatred. In 1244, after the plot had failed, Isabella was accused of attempting to poison the king. To avoid arrest, she sought refuge in Fontevraud Abbey, where she died two years later, but none of this can be confirmed.

Queen of England
She was the only daughter and heir of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, by Alice of Courtenay, who was sister of Peter II of Courtenay, Latin Emperor of Constantinople and granddaughter of King Louis VI of France.

Isabella became Countess of Angoulême in her own right on 16 June 1202, by which time she was already queen of England. Her marriage to King John took place on 24 August 1200, in Angoulême, a year after he annulled his first marriage to Isabel of Gloucester. She was crowned queen in an elaborate ceremony on 8 October at Westminster Abbey in London. Isabella was originally betrothed to Hugh IX le Brun, Count of Lusignan, son of the Count of La Marche. As a result of John's temerity in taking her as his second wife, King Philip II of France confiscated all of their French lands, and armed conflict ensued.

At the time of her marriage to John, the blonde and blue-eyed 12-year-old Isabella was already renowned by some for her beauty and has sometimes been called the Helen of the Middle Ages by historians. Isabella was much younger than her husband and possessed a volatile temper similar to his own. King John was infatuated with his young, beautiful wife; however, his acquisition of her had at least as much to do with spiting his enemies as romantic love. She was already engaged to Hugh IX le Brun when she was taken by John. It was said that he neglected his state affairs to spend time with Isabella, often remaining in bed with her until noon. However, these were rumors spread by John's enemies to discredit him as a weak and grossly irresponsible ruler, given that at the time John was engaging in a desperate war against King Philip of France to hold on to the remaining Plantagenet duchies. The common people began to term her a "siren" or "Messalina", which spoke volumes as to popular opinion. Her mother-in-law, Eleanor of Aquitaine, readily accepted her as John's wife.

On 1 October 1207 at Winchester Castle, Isabella gave birth to a son and heir who was named Henry after the King's father, Henry II. He was quickly followed by another son, Richard, and three daughters, Joan, Isabel, and Eleanor. All five children survived into adulthood and made illustrious marriages; all but Joan produced offspring of their own.

Second marriage
When King John died in October 1216, Isabella's first act was to arrange the speedy coronation of her nine-year-old son at the city of Gloucester on 28 October. As the royal crown had recently been lost in The Wash, along with the rest of King John's treasure, she supplied her own golden circlet to be used in lieu of a crown. The following July, less than a year after his crowning as King Henry III of England, she left him in the care of his regent, William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and returned to France to assume control of her inheritance of Angoulême.

In the spring of 1220, she married Hugh X of Lusignan, "le Brun", Seigneur de Luisignan, Count of La Marche, the son of her former fiancé, Hugh IX, to whom she had been betrothed before her marriage to King John. It had been previously arranged that her eldest daughter Joan should marry Hugh, and the little girl was being brought up at the Lusignan court in preparation for her marriage. Hugh, however, upon seeing Isabella, whose beauty had not diminished, preferred the girl's mother. Joan was provided with another husband, King Alexander II of Scotland, whom she wed in 1221.

Isabella had married Hugh without the consent of the king's council in England, as was required of a queen dowager. That council had the power not only to assign to her any subsequent husband, but to decide whether she should be allowed to remarry at all. That Isabella flouted its authority moved the council to confiscate her dower lands and to stop the payment of her pension. Isabella and her husband retaliated by threatening to keep Joan, who had been promised in marriage to the King of Scotland, in France. The council first responded by sending furious letters to the Pope, signed in the name of young King Henry, urging him to excommunicate Isabella and her husband, but then decided to come to terms with Isabella, to avoid conflict with the Scottish king, who was eager to receive his bride. Isabella was granted the stannaries in Devon, and the revenue of Aylesbury for a period of four years, in compensation for her confiscated dower lands in Normandy, as well as the £3,000 arrears for her pension.

Isabella had nine more children by Hugh X. Their eldest son Hugh XI of Lusignan succeeded his father as Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême in 1249.

Isabella's children from her royal marriage did not join her in Angoulême, remaining in England with their eldest brother Henry III.

Rebellion and death
Described by some contemporaries as "vain, capricious, and troublesome," Isabella could not reconcile herself with her less prominent position in France. Though Queen mother of England, Isabella was now mostly regarded as a mere Countess of La Marche and had to give precedence to other women. In 1241, when Isabella and Hugh were summoned to the French court to swear fealty to King Louis IX of France's brother, Alphonse, who had been invested as Count of Poitou, their mother, the Queen Dowager Blanche openly snubbed her. This so infuriated Isabella, who had a deep-seated hatred of Blanche for having fervently supported the French invasion of England during the First Barons' War in May 1216, that she began to actively conspire against King Louis. Isabella and her husband, along with other disgruntled nobles, including her son-in-law Raymond VII of Toulouse, sought to create an English-backed confederacy which united the provinces of the south and west against the French king. She encouraged her son Henry in his invasion of Normandy in 1230, but then did not provide him the support she had promised.

In 1244, after the confederacy had failed and Hugh had made peace with King Louis, two royal cooks were arrested for attempting to poison the King; upon questioning they confessed to having been in Isabella's pay. Before Isabella could be taken into custody, she fled to Fontevraud Abbey, where she died on 4 June 1246.

By her own prior arrangement, she was first buried in the Abbey's churchyard, as an act of repentance for her many misdeeds. On a visit to Fontevraud, her son King Henry III of England was shocked to find her buried outside the Abbey and ordered her immediately moved inside. She was finally placed beside Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Afterwards, most of her many Lusignan children, having few prospects in France, set sail for England and the court of Henry, their half-brother.

Issue
With King John of England: 5 children, all of whom survived into adulthood, including:

1.) King Henry III of England (1 October 1207-16 November 1272). Married Eleanor of Provence, by whom he had issue, including his heir, King Edward I of England.

2.) Richard, Earl of Cornwall and King of the Romans (5 January 1209-2 April 1272). Married firstly Isabel Marshal, secondly Sanchia of Provence, and thirdly Beatrice of Falkenburg. Had issue.

3.) Joan (22 July 1210-1238), the wife of King Alexander II of Scotland. Her marriage was childless.

4.) Isabella (1214-1241), the wife of Emperor Frederick II, by whom she had issue.

5.) Eleanor (1215-1275), who would marry firstly William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke; and secondly Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, by whom she had issue.

With Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche: nine children, all of whom survived into adulthood, including:

1.) Hugh XI of Lusignan (1221-1250), Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême. Married Yolande de Dreux, Countess of Penthièvre and of Porhoet, by whom he had issue.

2.) Aymer of Lusignan (1222-1260), Bishop of Winchester

3.) Agnès de Lusignan (1223-1269). Married William II de Chauvigny (d. 1270), and had issue.

4.) Alice of Lusignan (1224-9 February 1256). Married John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, by whom she had issue.

5.) Guy of Lusignan (c. 1225-1264), killed at the Battle of Lewes. (Tufton Beamish maintains that he escaped to France after the Battle of Lewes and died there in 1269).

6.) Geoffrey of Lusignan (c. 1226-1274). Married in 1259 Jeanne, Viscountess of Châtellerault, by whom he had issue.

7.) Isabella of Lusignan (c.1226/1227-14 January 1299). Married firstly before 1244 Maurice IV, seigneur de Craon (1224-1250), by whom she had issue; she married secondly, Geoffrey de Rancon.

8.) William of Lusignan (c. 1228-1296). 1st Earl of Pembroke. Married Joan de Munchensi, by whom he had issue.

9.) Marguerite de Lusignan (c. 1229-1288). Married firstly in 1243 Raymond VII of Toulouse; secondly c. 1246 Aimery IX de Thouars, Viscount of Thouars and had issue

Isabelle married de Lusignan, Count Hugh X on 10 May 1220 in France. Hugh was born in Jan 1183 in Lusignan, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France; died on 5 Jun 1249 in Damietta, Egypt; was buried after 5 Jun 1249 in Abbey of Valence, Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabelle married Plantagenet, King John Lackland of England on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. John (son of Plantagenet, King of England Henry II and of Aquitaine, Queen Eleanor) was born on 31 Dec 1166 in Kings Manor House (Historical), Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 18 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried on 19 Oct 1216 in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Surrey
• FSID: 9Q6H-FC9

Notes:

Not to be confused with
Alice de Lusignan (or Alice of Angoulême) (1236 – May 1290), first wife of Marcher baron Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, and half-niece of King Henry III of England.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_de_Lusignan_of_Angoul%C3%AAme
geni.com

Alice de Lusignan, de Angouleme
Also Known As: "Alice de Angouleme", "Alice de Lusignan", "de Angouleme", "de Lindsay"
Birthdate: 1236
Birthplace: Lusignan, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France
Death: April 1290 (53-54)
Warren, Sussex, England

Immediate Family:
Daughter of Hugh XI of Lusignan, count of La Marche and Yolande de Dreux

Wife of Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester and Gilbert de Lindsay, of Molesworth
Mother of
Isabella de Clare, Baroness Berkeley and
Johanna MacDuff

Sister of Hugues de Lusignan, Comte de la Marche; Marie de Lusignan; Isabelle de Lusignan; Geoffrey de Lusignan; Guy de Lusignan; and Yolande de Lusignan

Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Surrey (1224 – 9 February 1256) was the half-sister of King Henry III of England and the wife of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey. Shortly after her arrival in England from France in 1247, her half-brother arranged her marriage to the Earl, which incurred some resentment from the English nobility.

Alice was a member of the House of Lusignan born in Lusignan, Poitou, France in 1224, as the second eldest daughter of Hugh X de Lusignan, "le Brun", Seigneur de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Isabella of Angoulême, queen dowager of England. She had five full brothers and three full sisters, besides her royal half-siblings from her mother's first marriage.
Lusignan, Vienne, France, the birthplace of Alice le Brun de Lusignan

In 1247, a year after her mother's death, Alice accompanied the new papal legate William of Modena, the Cardinal Bishop of Sabina, to England, which she had decided to make her home, and live at the expense of the Crown. In August of that year, her half-brother, King Henry married her to John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey (August 1231 - 29 September 1304). The marriage caused some resentment amongst the English nobility, as they considered the King's Lusignan siblings to be parasites and a liability to the Kingdom. Many prestigious honours and titles were granted to the Lusignans. Alice was also said to have been disdainful of all things English.
John was the son of William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey and Maud Marshal.
Together they had three children.
1. Eleanor de Warenne (1251–1282), married Sir Henry de Percy, by whom she had issue, including Henry Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick.
2. Isabella de Warenne (c.1253 - before 1292), married John Balliol, and was the mother of Edward Balliol.
3. William de Warenne (9 February 1256 - 15 December 1286). He was killed in a tournament. He married Joan de Vere, by whom he had two children, John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey, and Alice de Warenne (15 June 1287 - 23 May 1338), who in turn married Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel.
Death
Alice died in Warren, Sussex, England, on 9 February 1256 after giving birth to her only son, William. She was about thirty-two years of age.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_de_Lusignan,_Countess_of_Surrey

Alice married de Warenne, John in 1251 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England. John (son of Plantagenet, Earl William de Warenne and Marshall, Countess Matilda) was born between 8 Aug and 7 Sep 1231 in Lewes, Sussex, England; died on 29 Sep 1304 in Kennington, Kent, England; was buried on 29 Sep 1304 in Lewes Priory (Historical), Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LRC9-WZ8
• Appointments / Titles: 1247; 1st Earl of Pembroke
• Appointments / Titles: 13 Oct 1248; Knighted
• Appointments / Titles: 2 Oct 1249; Appointed joint ambassador to France
• Military: 1250, Israel; Crusades
• Appointments / Titles: 1250, Wexford, Wexford, Ireland; Earl of Wexford
• Life Event: Jun 1258; Oxford Parliament stripped foreign born Lords of their Lands and Castles.
• Life Event: Jul 1258; Jul 1258; Fled anti de Lusignan sentiment in Boulogne; had to seek the aid of Louis IX
• Life Event: 6 Apr 1264; Attempted to lynch nephew Bran de Montfort, but Dafydd ap Gruffydd intervened
• Military: 14 May 1264; Fought at the Battle of Lewes
• Military: 21 May 1264; Fought under Prince Edward "Longshanks" in Vanguard at the Battle of Lewes.

Notes:

William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 18 May 1296), born Guillaume de Lusignan, was a French nobleman and knight who became important in English politics due to his relationship to King Henry III of England. He was heavily involved in the Second Barons' War, supporting the King and Prince Edward against the rebels led by Simon de Montfort. He took the name de Valence after his birthplace, Valence, near Lusignan.

He was the fourth son of Isabella of Angoulême, widow of John, King of England, and her second husband, Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, and was thus a half-brother to Henry III, and uncle to Edward I. William was born in the Cistercian abbey in Valence [fr], Couhé-Vérac, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, near Lusignan, sometime in the late 1220s (his elder sister Alice was born in 1224).

The French conquest of Poitou in 1246 created great difficulties for William's family, and so he and his brothers, Guy de Lusignan and Aymer, accepted Henry III's invitation to come to England in 1247. The King found important positions for all of them; William was soon married to a great heiress, Joan de Munchensi or Munchensy (c. 1230 – after 20 Sep 1307), the only surviving child of Warin de Munchensi, lord of Swanscombe, and his first wife Joan Marshal, who was one of the five daughters of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke suo jure. As an eventual co-heiress of the Marshal estates, Joan de Munchensi's portion included the castle and lordship of Pembroke and the lordship erected earldom of Wexford in Ireland. The custody of Joan's property was entrusted to her husband, who apparently assumed the lordships of Pembroke and Wexford between 1250 and 1260.

This favoritism to royal relatives was unpopular with many of the English nobility, a discontent which would culminate in the Second Barons' War. It did not take long for William to make enemies in England. From his new lands in South Wales, he tried to regain the palatine rights which had been attached to the Earldom of Pembroke, but his energies were not confined to this. The King heaped lands and honors upon him, and he was soon thoroughly hated as one of the most prominent of the rapacious foreigners. Moreover, some trouble in Wales led to a quarrel between him and Simon de Montfort, who was to become the figurehead for the rebels. He refused to comply with the provisions imposed on the King at Oxford in 1258, and took refuge in Wolvesey Castle at Winchester, where he was besieged and compelled to surrender and leave the country.
However, in 1259 William and de Montfort were formally reconciled in Paris, and in 1261 Valence was again in England and once more enjoying the royal favor. He fought for Henry at the disastrous Battle of Lewes, and after the defeat again fled to France, while de Montfort ruled England. However, by 1265 he was back, landing in Pembrokeshire, and taking part in the Siege of Gloucester and the final royalist victory at Evesham. After the battle he was restored to his estates and accompanied Prince Edward, afterwards Edward I, to Palestine.

From his base in Pembrokeshire he was a mainstay of the English campaigns against Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and later Dafydd ap Gruffudd; in the war of 1282–3 that led to the conquest of Wales he negotiated the surrender of one of Dafydd's last remaining castles, Castell-y-Bere, with its custodian, Cynfrig ap Madog. He also went several times to France on public business and he was one of Edward's representatives in the famous suit over the succession to the crown of Scotland in 1291 and 1292.
William de Valence died at Bayonne on the 13 Jun 1296; his body is buried at Westminster Abbey.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Valence,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke

=================

Medieval Lands:
GUILLAUME de Lusignan "de Valence" ([Cistercian Abbey of Valence, near Lusignan] after 1225-in England [1294/18 May 1296], bur Westminster Abbey). His parentage is stated by Matthew Paris, when he records his visit to England in 1247 to his uterine half-brother King Henry III with his older brother and his sister. Seigneur de Valence, de Montignac, de Bellac, de Rancon et de Champagnac. Matthew Paris records the performance of "Willelmus frater dominus regis uterinus congonomento de Valentia" in a tournament in 1248, and in many other tournaments. He styled himself Lord of Pembroke, but was never invested with the earldom of Pembroke. The testament of "Hugo de Lezignen comes Marchie", dated 8 Aug 1248, appoints as his heirs "Hugonem Brunum comitem Angolisme, Guidonem, Gaufridum, Willelmum de Vallencia, milites, et Ademarum, clericum, filios meos". He joined the crusade in 1250 with King Henry III, the group meeting at Bermondsey 27 Apr. He committed a violent outrage at the manor of the Bishop of Ely at Hatfield, Hertfordshire in 1252. The Annals of Tewkesbury record that “dominus Emerinus electus Wyntoniæ, Willelmus de Walencia, et alii duo…fratres domini regis” refused to swear fidelity to the king in 1258. William of Tyre (Continuation) records his arrival in Palestine 23 Aug 1272. Lieutenant of England 1285. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Willelmus de Walence, patruus domini regis” died in 1295. m (before 13 Aug 1247) JOAN Munchensy, daughter of WARIN Munchensy Lord of Swanscombe & his wife Joan Marshal of Pembroke (-1307 before 20 Sep). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Johannam" as the daughter of "Warino de Montecaniso" and his wife, adding that she married "domino Willihelmo de Valentia". Matthew Paris names her and her father when he records her marriage. A charter dated 13 Aug 1247 ordered "William de Valence the king’s brother and Joan his wife to have seisin of the lands which belonged to John de Muntchesny of the inheritance of Walter Marshall late Earl of Pembroke, and which after John’s death ought to descend to Joan as his sister and heir".

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANGOULEME.htm#GuillaumeLusignanValencedied12941296

==============

Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson, Vol 1 pg 46, 58, 190, 232; Vol 3 pg 124/254/380; Vol 4 pg 48-49/60/61; Vol 5 pg 115
Knt., seigneur of Valence, Montignae, Bellac, Rancon, and Champagnac, Constable of Goodrich and Pembroke Castles, 1247, Warden of the Town and Castle of Hertford, 1247, 1251, Steward of the manors of Stamford and Grantham, Lincolnshire, 1258, Privy Councillor, Contable of Kilgarran Castle, 1275, Seneschal of the Agenois, 1279, Constable and Keeper of Bergavenny Castle, 1281, Constable of Kilgaran Castle, 1282, Guardian and Lieutenant of England, 1285, and, in right of his wife, Lord (or Earl) of Pembroke, and Lord of the Towns of Ross, Carnbothe, andClumene, co. Wexford, Ireland, 4th son of Hugues [X] le Brun (or de Lusignan), Count of la Marche and Angouleme, seigneur of Lusignan, Chateau-Larcher, Montreuil-Bonnin, and la Morthe-Saint-Heray de Lusignan, by Isabel, widow of John, King of England, and daughter and heiress of Ademar III Taillefer, Count of Angouleme. He was born after 1225.

He was the uterine half-brother of King Henry III of England. In 1247 William and his brothers, Guy and Aymer, and their sister, Alice, came to England at the invitation of their half-brother, King Henry III. In 1248 he was granted the manor of Bampton, Oxfordshire by the king. He was appointed joint Ambassador to France in 1249. He took the cross 6 Mar 1250, but did not go to the Holy Land. He was with the king in Aquitaine in 1253-4. He quarreled with Simon de Montfort in the Parliament of 1257. In 1260 he was appointed one of the king's representatives to negotiate a peace with France, and returned to England with Prince Edward about Easter 1261. He was again with the king in France in 1262. In 1263 he served with the king at the Siege of Northampton in April and fought at the Battle of Lewes 14 May. He escaped to Pevensey, and thence to France. In May 1265 he landed in Pembrokeshire with an armed force and joined Edward and Gloucester. He took part in the Siege of Gloucester in June, the attack on Kenilworth 1 Aug, and the Battle of Evesham 4 Aug. He took the cross again 24 Jun 1268. Sometime before 7 Feb 1270 he granted to Nicholas Fit Martin, Knt., his wife, Isabel, and to their heirs 50 marks of yearly rent to be gotten from the lands and tenements which formerly belonged to Peter Fitz Matthew, Knt.; together with all arrears which were owing to him, namely 400 pounds, on account of detinue of 50 marks, whereof he had a grant of the king in 1257; for which quitclaim, Nicholas Fitz Martin gave him 720 marks. He went on Crusade to the Holy Land with Prince Edward in 1270-3. He acted constantly for King Edward I in Aquitaine in 1273-9. In 1274-5 William and Joan his wife arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against Gilbert [de Clare], Earl of Gloucester, and Robert de Boyton touching a tenement in Woolstone, Buckinghamshire. In 1279 he served as ambassador to the King of Castile. In Jul 1282 he was appointed commander of the army of West Wales. In Aug 1282 he was granted protection in Ireland for one year, he staying in England on the king's business. In 1283 he forced David ap Griffith to surrender by taking his stronghold at Bere in Snowdonia. He presented to the churches of Whitechurch, Herefordshire, 1289, and Ganarew, Herefordshire, 1293. In 1289 he was engaged in negotiating the Treaty of Salisbury with Scotland. In 1291 he, his wife, sons, and household were granted a papal indult for a portable altar. In 1292 he was appointed joint commissioner for the armament of the kingdom. In 1294 he and the Earl of Norfolk suppressed the revolt in South Wales. In Jan 1296 he headed an embassey to Cambrai in a fruitless attempt to negotiate between King Edward I of England and King Philippe IV of France.

William married de Munchensi, Joan on 13 Aug 1247 in Valence, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Joan (daughter of de Munchensy, Warin and Marshal, Lady Joane) was born in 1230 in Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 20 Sep 1307 in Valence, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; was buried on 30 Sep 1307 in Swanscombe, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duke of Aquitaine
• Appointments / Titles: King
• Appointments / Titles: King of England
• Appointments / Titles: Lord of Ireland
• FSID: 9C69-MKH
• Occupation: King Of England 1216-1272
• Appointments / Titles: Between 4 Nov 1216 and 24 May 1220; King of England
• Burial: 27 Nov 1272, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England

Henry married Berenger, Eleanor on 14 Jan 1236 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Eleanor (daughter of Berenger, Count Raimund IV and de Savoie, Countess Béatrice) was born on 1 Jul 1223 in Aix, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; was christened in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 25 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; was buried on 11 Sep 1291 in Abbey of St. Mary and St. Melor, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 7th Earl of Surrey
• Appointments / Titles: 8th Earl of Warren
• Appointments / Titles: Sir Knight
• FSID: LCTG-XCG

William married de Vere, Joan in 1283 in Surrey, England. Joan (daughter of de Vere, Earl Robert and de Sanford, Alice) was born in 1264 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 28 Nov 1293 in Lewes, Sussex, England; was buried on 21 Nov 1293 in Lewes Priory (Historical), Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GKNT-1QM

Notes:

Isabel de Valence (died 5 October 1305), married before 1280 John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (6 May 1262 – 10 February 1313). They had:
William Hastings (1282–1311)
John Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings (29 September 1286 – 20 January 1325), married to Juliane de Leybourne (died 1367). Their son Lawrence later became 1st Earl of Pembroke of the Hastings family.
Sir Hugh Hastings of Sutton (died 1347)
Elizabeth Hastings (1294 – 6 March 1353), married Roger Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Ruthyn.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Valence%2C_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke

Isabel married de Hastings, John II before 1280. John was born on 6 May 1262 in Allesley, Warwickshire, England; died on 28 Feb 1313 in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales; was buried on 28 Feb 1313 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Hammer of the Scots
• Appointments / Titles: King of England
• Appointments / Titles: The Best Lance in the World
• Appointments / Titles: The Edward Justian
• Appointments / Titles: The Flower of Chivalry
• Nickname: Longshanks
• FSID: LHWS-PRY
• Occupation: Peerage of England
• Religion: Roman Catholic
• Military: 21 May 1264; Battle of Lewes
• Appointments / Titles: 1265; Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
• Military: 2 Jul 1271, Nazareth, Israel; 7th or 9th Crusade: After capturing Nazareth in 1271, he massacred all the Muslims found within its walls. In retaliation for this savagery, an Assassin with a poisoned dagger stabbed him three times, but his life was saved by his wife's prompt action of sucking the poison from the wounds, and by his vigorous constitution which resisted whatever poison remained in his system. So in 1272 he negotiated and signed a 10 year truce before heading home, which is when he learned of his father’s death. He finally reached England in 1274 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey on August 19th.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; Duke of Aquitaine
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; King of England
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; Lord of Ireland
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; Lord of Scotland
• Appointments / Titles: 26 Aug 1274, Westminster, London, England; Coronation as King of England
• Military: Between 1276 and 1277, Wales; Supressed a minor rebellion in Wales.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1279 and 1281; Count of Ponthieu
• Military: Between 1282 and 1283, Wales; He responded to a second rebellion with a full scale war of conquest. After this success he subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the country and settled them with English settlers.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1290 and 1306; Lord of Scotland
• Military: 1293, France; War between England and France broke out in 1293 as a result of the efforts of France to curb Edwards’s power in Gascony. He lost Gascony in 1293 and did not regain it until 1303.
• Military: 1296, Scotland; After invading and conquering Scotland, he declared himself King of that realm.
• Military: 1298, Scotland; In winning the Battle of Falkirk led by Sir William Wallace, he achieved the greatest military triumph of his career, but failed to crush Scottish opposition. Wallace was captured and executed in 1305.

Notes:

Reign 16 November 1272[1] – 7 July 1307
Coronation 19 August 1274
Predecessor Henry III
Successor Edward II
Born 17/18 June 1239 Palace of Westminster, London, England
Died 7 July 1307 (aged 68) Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England
Burial Westminster Abbey, London, England
Spouse Eleanor of Castile (m. 1254–1290)
Margaret of France (m. 1299–1307)
Issue Eleanor, Countess of Bar
Joan, Countess of Hertford
Alphonso, Earl of Chester
Margaret, Duchess of Brabant
Mary of Woodstock
Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford
Henry
Edward II of England
Thomas, Earl of Norfolk
Edmund, Earl of Kent
House Plantagenet
Father Henry III of England
Mother Eleanor of Provence

Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster on 19 August.

He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, Edward investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs. After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276–77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282–83 with a full-scale war of conquest. After a successful campaign, Edward subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people. Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland. Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom. In the war that followed, the Scots persevered, even though the English seemed victorious at several points. At the same time there were problems at home. In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition. These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled. When the King died in 1307, he left to his son, Edward II, an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.

Edward I was a tall man for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks". He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries. Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith. Modern historians are divided on their assessment of the King: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility. Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes. At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England. The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it would be over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1656.

He was involved early in the political intrigues of his father’s reign, which included rebellion by the English Barons. In 1259 he sided with a Baronial Reform Movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford.

On 24 December 1264 he was forced to deliver the Earldom of Chester into the hands of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester just before his escape. In late June 1260, Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pledge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264 Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth. As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight, Edward seized the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's forces (de Montfort was in London) crippled rebel forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, & after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached London so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry & Edward were practicing fierce cruelty by chopping off the nads & feet of all common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. The Cinque Ports & Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey Henry & Edward's command for a naval force to attack London. Thwarted, Edward takes Gilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle. Simon continued to hold London, but was surrounded by Edward & Henry. In May 1264, the Bishop of Chichester tried to convince Henry III to negotiate, but he refused. The Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) try to do the same on the eve of the Battle of Lewes; again Henry refuses. At Lewes, Montfort was outnumbered 2:1; Royalist forces numbered some 10,000. Montfort introduced a new strategy to warfare; he established a reserve command to be commanded by him, plus he introduced the concept of the night march. He was thought to be miles away by the Royalist forces on the eve of the battle, but he & his army undertook a night march to focre the battle on May 14, 1264. Henry was utterly taken by surprise, & his garrison lodged at the Priory were in some confusion; however, Edward, who garrisoned his men at Lewes Castle, was able to meet the rebel left flank of greenhorn & untrained Londoners under the command of Nicholas de Segrave. Edward routed them with no care for the "rules" of war in that he & his knights undertook a pursuit miles away from the battle only to slay every man they could find. This was thought caused by the Londoner's steadfast support for Monfort and their animosity toward Henry & especially Edward's mother Queen Eleanor (including the London mob's attack on her barge July 1263). From these beginnings Edward had a lifelong hatred for Londoners. On the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264, after Henry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) to negotiate, Simon formally renounced all allegiance to Henry, & was followed by his men. Including Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, Humfrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", John Giffard, Sir John FitzJohn, Nicholas de Segrave, & Robert de Vere. Clare & Vere had the most to lose of any rebel supporters. At the battle itself, the left flank of green & hastily trained but no battle-experience Londoners was under the command of Nicholas de Segrave with 2nd an inexperienced John Giffard; the right flank was commanded by Simon's sons Henry & Guy de Montfort (Bran still being held in captivity at Windsor Castle by Henry) with 2nd Humphrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", the center column was commanded by Gilbert de Clare, 2nded by Sir John FitzJohn, with Simon himself commanding the new reserve force 2nded by Hugh le Despenser. For the Royalists, Henry commanded the center column, Richard of Cornwall commanded the left flank, & Edward commanded the vanguard. Royalist forces outnumbered the rebels by some 2:1 with some 10,000 men. Henry's force was augmented by a Scots force sent by his son in law Alexander III the Glorious, King of Scotland. With Edward were Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Hugh le Bigod, Henry Plantagenet of Almaine, Richard of Cornwall's son (& Edward's cousin & Simon's nephew), & John de Warenne. At the time of the battle, Simon was thought to be miles away, & still unable to ride a horse due to his broken leg. After Edward had absented himself from the field so long (carrying out his vengeance on the Londoners) Simon attacked & obliterated King Henry's force. Henry fled to the Priory. Richard of Cornwall was captured by Gilbert de Clare. When Edward & his men found out, Edward was urged to flee to Pevensey Castle & from there toward France. Edward refused to abandon his father, but the de Lusignans fled the battle, as did John de Warenne, Hugh le Bigod, Dafydd ap Gruddydd & over 300 knights. Only Edward's cousin Henry of Almaine (Richard of Cornwall's son) & Edwards’s household knights remained with him. Edward got through John FitzJohn's surrounding encampment to his father in the priory; Simon then offered a 12 hour truce & accepted their surrender the following morning. Lewes resulted in 2700 known dead (one of every five men). Under the Mise of Lewes, the Oxford Provisions were again reinstated as the law of the land, with an arbitration commission. Under no circumstances could Henry appoint aliens onto his council. Henry's extravagant spending was also to be brought under control & he to live within his means & pay off his enormous debts. A full amnesty was proclaimed for all rebels. No ransoms were to be paid for men captured neither at Lewes nor earlier at Northampton. Edward & Henry of Almaine surrendered themselves as hostages for their fathers' good faith. Edward was confined at Wallingford Castle with Richard of Cornwall. King Henry was lodged securely at the palace of the Bishop of London, In June 1264; Simon called a Parliament, one that included knights & town officials. The effect of Lewes that while Henry was still King, Simon had command of the realm. He also called for the terms of the Chivalric code to cover not only knights, but also commoners & Jews. In October 1264, the Pope (who hated Simon & the English Lords who had refused to succor his (the Pope's) abortive plans for Sicily) formally excommunicated Simon, his sons Henry, Bran & Guy, Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, the Mayor of London Thomas Fitz Thomas, & many of their supporters. The Bishops of Worcester, London & Winchester refused to publish the sentence of anathema; the Pope laid England under Interdict Oct 21 1264, but the English clergy continued to support Simon & services & rites of the Church continued to be performed. Fought against and defeated Simon de Montfort (his uncle) in the Battle of Evesham and on 4 August 1265 took back his title with the death of Simon.

He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. He suppressed corruption in the administration of justice and passed legislation allowing feudal barons and the crown to collect revenues from properties willed to the church. He crushed clerical opposition when Pope Clement V allowed him in 1306 to suspend Archbishop Robert de Winchelsey. Early in his reign he divided the Curis Regis into three courts. 1) The Court of Kings Bench, to deal with criminal offenses reserved for the Kings judgment and with suits in which he was himself concerned; 2) The Court of Exchequer, to deal with all matters touching the Kings revenue; and 3) The Court of Common Pleas, to deal with suits between subject and subject. Edward took care that these courts should administer justice and dismissed judges and many other officials for corruption. He gave Scotland new constitution and representation in English Parliament.
While some historians have praised him for his contribution to the law, others have criticized him for his uncompromising attitude toward his nobility. Accomplishments include: Restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, Establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, reforming the law through statutes. His criticisms include: His brutal conduct towards the Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290 (by which the Jews were expelled from England and would take over 350 yrs before it was overturned in 1656 by Oliver Cromwell).

Family/Spouse: of Castille, Queen of England Eleanor. Eleanor was born in 1241 in Burgos, Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain; died on 5 Dec 1290 in Harby, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried on 24 Dec 1290 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married de France, Marguerite on 8 Sep 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Marguerite (daughter of de France, Philip III and de Brabant, Maria) was born in 1279 in Paris, Île-de-France, France; died on 14 Feb 1318 in Marlborough Castle, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England; was buried after 14 Feb 1318 in Greyfriars, London, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess
• FSID: MR85-LG8
• Appointments / Titles: 9 Mar 1302; Countess of Arundel

Notes:

Wikipedia info: "Alice de Warenne, Countess of Arundel (15 June 1287 – 23 May 1338) was an English noblewoman and heir apparent to the Earldom of Surrey. In 1305, she married Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel.
Family
Alice, the only daughter of William de Warenne (1256-1286) and Joan de Vere, was born on 15 June 1287 in Warren, Sussex, six months after her father was accidentally killed in a tournament on 15 December 1286. On the death of her paternal grandfather, John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey in 1304, her only sibling John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey succeeded to the earldom. He became estranged from his childless wife and they never reconciled, leaving Alice as the heir presumptive to the Surrey estates and title.

Marriage to the Earl of Arundel
In 1305, Alice married Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel, the son of Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel and Alice of Saluzzo. He had initially refused her, for reasons which were not recorded; however, by 1305, he had changed his mind and they were wed. They had nine recorded children, and their chief residence was Arundel Castle in Sussex. Arundel inherited his title on 9 March 1302 upon his father's death. He was summoned to Parliament as Lord Arundel in 1306, and was later one of the Lords Ordainers. He also took part in the Scottish wars.

The Earl of Arundel and his brother-in-law John de Warenne were the only nobles who remained loyal to King Edward II, after Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March returned to England in 1326. He had allied himself to the King's favourite Hugh le Despenser, and agreed to the marriage of his son to Despenser's granddaughter. Arundel had previously been granted many of the traitor Mortimer's forfeited estates, and was appointed Justice of Wales in 1322 and Warden of the Welsh Marches in 1325. He was also made Constable of Montgomery Castle which became his principal base.

The Earl of Arundel was captured in Shropshire by the Queen's party. On 17 November 1326 in Hereford, Arundel was beheaded by order of the Queen, leaving Alice de Warenne a widow. Her husband's estates and titles were forfeited to the Crown following Arundel's execution, but later restored to her eldest son, Richard.[citation needed]

Alice died before 23 May 1338, aged 50. Her brother died in 1347 without legitimate issue, thus the title of Surrey eventually passed to Alice's son, Richard."

Alice married Rufford, Thomas Hesketh in 1295. Thomas was born in 1275 in Ormskirk, Lancashire, England; died in 1304 in Gawsworth, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alice married FitzAlan, Lord Edmund in 1305. Edmund (son of FitzAlan, Lord Richard and of Saluzzo, Countess Alisona) was born on 1 May 1285 in Arundel, Sussex, England; died on 25 Nov 1326 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales; Baroness of Grey
• FSID: K427-CQ9

Notes:

«b»Biography«/b»
Elizabeth de Hastings was a daughter of Sir John de Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings, by his 1st wife Isabel de Valence.

She married Sir Roger de Grey, a younger son of the 2nd Lord Grey of Wilton. Her husband had a goodly chunk of the family property settled on him, including Ruthin Castle, and became the 1st Lord Grey of Ruthin.

«b»Children:«/b»
1.) Sir John

2.) Sir Reynold, who succeeded

3.) Julian, wife of Sir John Talbot, of Richard's Castle

4.) Mary, wife of Sir John de Burgh

5.) Joan, wife of Sir William de Patshull

6.) Maud, wife of William de la Roche

Family/Spouse: de Grey, Roger. Roger was born in 1298 in Ruthin Castle, Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales; died on 6 Mar 1353 in Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales; was buried after 6 Mar 1353 in Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Plantagenet
• FSID: MCT9-W4B

Notes:

Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (7 August 1282 – 5 May 1316) was the eighth and youngest daughter of King Edward I and Queen Eleanor of Castile. Of all of her siblings, she was closest to her younger brother King Edward II, as they were only two years apart in age.

In April 1285 there were negotiations with Floris V for Elizabeth's betrothal to his son John I, Count of Holland. The offer was accepted and John was sent to England to be educated. On 8 January 1297 Elizabeth was married to John at Ipswich. In attendance at the marriage were Elizabeth's sister Margaret, her father, Edward I of England, her brother Edward, and Humphrey de Bohun. After the wedding Elizabeth was expected to go to Holland with her husband, but did not wish to go, leaving her husband to go alone. It is recorded that while in Ipswich the King, in some outburst, threw his daughter's coronet into the fire: a great ruby and a great emerald were supplied by Adam the Goldsmith for stones lost as a result.

After some time traveling England, it was decided Elizabeth should follow her husband. Her father accompanied her, traveling through the Southern Netherlands between Antwerp, Mechelen, Leuven and Brussels, before ending up in Ghent. There, they remained for a few months, spending Christmas with her two sisters Eleanor and Margaret. On 10 November 1299, John died of dysentery, though there were rumours of his murder. No children had been born from the marriage.

On her return trip to England, Elizabeth went through Brabant to see her sister Margaret. When she arrived in England, she met her stepmother Margaret, whom Edward had married while she was in Holland. On 14 November 1302 Elizabeth was married to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, 3rd of Essex, also Constable of England, at Westminster Abbey.

The children of Elizabeth and Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford were:

1. Margaret de Bohun (born 1302 - died 7 Feb. 1304).
2. Humphrey de Bohun (born c. Oct. 1303 - died c. Oct. 1304).
3. Lady Eleanor de Bohun (17 October 1304 – 1363)
4. John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (23 November 1306 – 1335)
5. Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (6 December c. 1309 – 1361)
6. Margaret de Bohun, 2nd Countess of Devon (3 April 1311 – 1391)
7. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (1312–1360).
8. Edward de Bohun (1312–1334), twin of William
9. Eneas de Bohun, (1314 - after 1322); he is mentioned in his father's will
10. Isabel de Bohun (b&d 5 May 1316)

During Christmas 1315, Elizabeth, who was pregnant with her eleventh child, was visited by her sister-in-law, Queen Isabella of France. On 5 May 1316 she went into labour, giving birth to her daughter Isabella. Both Elizabeth and her daughter Isabella died shortly after the birth, and were buried together in Walden Abbey Church, Walden Essex. [1]

[1] Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Wikipedia.

Elizabeth married de Bohun, Earl Humphrey on 14 Nov 1302 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England. Humphrey (son of de Bohun, Humphrey) was born in 1276 in Pleshey Castle, Pleshey, Essex, England; died on 16 Mar 1322 in Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, England; was buried after 16 Mar 1322 in Blackfriars (demolished), Pontefract, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 93ZS-SVW
• Appointments / Titles: 1 Jun 1300; Prince of England
• Appointments / Titles: 16 Dec 1312; 1st Earl of Norfolk
• Appointments / Titles: 10 Feb 1316; 1st Earl Mashall of England
• Will: 18 Aug 1338, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England

Notes:

Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 – August 1338), was a younger son of King Edward I (1272-1307) by his wife Margaret of France and was a younger half-brother of King Edward II (1307-1327). He occupied the office of Earl Marshal of England.
Born 1 June 1300 Brotherton, Yorkshire
Died 4 August 1338 (aged 38) Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, England
Burial Bury St Edmunds Abbey, Suffolk
Title 1st Earl of Norfolk
Tenure 1312 – 1338
Known for Younger half-brother of Edward II of England
Years active 1316 – 1338
Wars Second War of Scottish Independence
Battle of Halidon Hill
Offices Earl Marshal
Successor Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk
Spouse(s) Alice Hales
Mary Brewes
Issue Edward of Norfolk
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk
Alice of Norfolk
Parents Edward I of England
Margaret of France

Early life
Thomas of Brotherton, born 1 June 1300, was the fifth son of Edward I, and the eldest son of his second marriage to Margaret (1279?–1318), the daughter of Philippe III of France (d.1285). He was born at the manor house at Brotherton, Yorkshire, while his mother was on her way to Cawood, where her confinement was scheduled to take place. According to Hilton, Margaret was staying at Pontefract Castle and was following a hunt when she went into labour. The chronicler William Rishanger records that during the difficult delivery his mother prayed, as was the custom at the time, to Thomas Becket, and Thomas of Brotherton was thus named after the saint and his place of birth.

Edward I quickly rushed to the queen and the newborn baby and had him presented with two cradles. His brother Edmund was born in the year after that. They were overseen by wet nurses until they were six years old. Like their parents, they learned to play chess and to ride horses. They were visited by nobles and their half-sister Mary of Woodstock, who was a nun. Their mother often accompanied Edward on his campaigns to Scotland, but kept herself well-informed on their well-being.

His father died when he was 7 years old. Thomas's half-brother, Edward, became king of England and Thomas was heir presumptive until his nephew Edward was born in 1312. The Earldom of Cornwall had been intended for Thomas, but Edward instead bestowed it upon his favourite, Piers Gaveston, in 1306. When Thomas was 10 years old, Edward assigned to him and his brother Edmund, the estates of Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk who had died without heirs in 1306.

Career
In 1312, he was titled "Earl of Norfolk" and on 10 February 1316 he was created Earl Marshal. While his brother was away fighting in Scotland, he was left Keeper of England. He was known for his hot and violent temper. He was one of the many victims of the unchecked greed of the king's new favourite, Hugh Despenser the Younger and his father Hugh Despenser the Elder, who stole some of the young earl's lands. He allied himself with Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer when they invaded England in 1326, and stood as one of the judges in the trials against both Despensers. When his nephew Edward III reached his majority and took the government into his own hands Thomas became one of his principal advisors. It was in the capacity of Lord Marshal that he commanded the right wing of the English army at the Battle of Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333.

He died about 20 September 1338, and was buried in the choir of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds.

He was succeeded by his daughter, Margaret, as Countess of Norfolk. She was later created Duchess of Norfolk for life in 1397.

As a son of Edward I of England, he was entitled to bear the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England, differenced by a label argent of three points.

Marriages and issue
He married firstly, before 8 January 1326, Alice de Hales (d. before 12 October 1330), daughter of Sir Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon in Roughton, Norfolk, by his wife, Alice, by whom he had a son and two daughters:

Edward of Norfolk, who married Beatrice de Mortimer, daughter of Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, but died without issue before 9 August 1334.
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, who married firstly John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, and secondly Sir Walter Manny.
Alice of Norfolk, who married Sir Edward de Montagu.
Alice Hales died by October 1330, when a chantry was founded for her soul in Bosham, Sussex.

He married secondly, before 4 April 1336, Mary de Brewes (died 11 June 1362), widow of Sir Ralph de Cobham, (d. 5 February 1326), and daughter of Sir Peter de Brewes (d. before 7 February 1312) of Tetbury, Gloucestershire, by Agnes de Clifford (d. before 1332), by whom he had no surviving issue.

Thomas married Hales, Lady Alice before 8 Jan 1326 in Loddon, Norfolk, England. Alice (daughter of Hales, Sir Roger and Hales, Lady Alice) was born in 1302 in Loddon, Norfolk, England; died before 12 Oct 1330 in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England; was buried after 12 Oct 1330 in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 10th Earl of Arundel and Surrey
• Appointments / Titles: Knight of the Garter
• Life Event: Peerage of England
• Nickname: Copped Hat
• FSID: KFLJ-T3Q
• Appointments / Titles: 21 Jan 1959; Earl Of Arundel

Richard married Despencer, Countess Isabel on 17 Feb 1320 in King's Chapel, Havering atte Bower, Essex, England. Isabel was born in 1314 in Winchester, Hampshire, England; died on 19 Jan 1371 in Arundel, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Plantagenet, Eleanor of Lancaster on 5 Feb 1344 in Lancashire, England. Eleanor (daughter of Plantagenet, Henry and de Chaworth, Maud) was born on 11 Sep 1318 in Grismond or Grosmont Castle (destroyed), Grosmont, Monmouthshire, Wales; died on 19 Jan 1372 in Arundel Castle, Arundel, Sussex, England; was buried after 19 Jan 1872 in Lewes Priory (Historical), Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GFFY-CSP

Family/Spouse: d'Isney, Sir William IV. William was born in 1313 in Norton Disney, Lincolnshire, England; died in 1400 in Norton Disney, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: K24L-MWK
• Appointments / Titles: Between 24 Mar 1312 and 1360; 5th Earl of Essex
• Appointments / Titles: Between 24 Mar 1312 and 1360; Earl of Northampton
• Appointments / Titles: 1337; Earl of Northampton creation
• Military: 1339, French Flanders (Historical), Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; accompanied the King
• Military: 24 Jun 1340, Sluis, Sluis-Aardenburg, Zeeland, Netherlands; Battle of Slyus
• Military: 30 Sep 1342, Morlaix, Finistère, Bretagne, France; Commander at the Battle of Morlaix
• Military: 26 Aug 1346, Crécy, Somme, Picardie, France; Commander at Battle of Crécy
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1349 and 1360; High Sheriff of Rutland
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1349 and 1360; Knight of the Garter
• Occupation: Between 1352 and 1355; Admiral of the Northern Seas, Fleet

Notes:

William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, KG (c. 1312 – 16 September 1360) was an English nobleman and military commander. He was the fifth son of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan. He had a twin brother, Edward. His maternal grandparents were Edward I of England and his first Queen consort Eleanor of Castile.

William de Bohun assisted at the arrest of Roger Mortimer in 1330, allowing Edward III to take power. After this, he was a trusted friend and commander of the king and he participated in the renewed wars with Scotland.

In 1332, he received many new properties: Hinton and Spaine in Berkshire; Great Haseley, Ascott, Deddington, Pyrton and Kirtlington in Oxfordshire; Wincomb in Buckinghamshire; Longbenington in Lincolnshire; Kneesol in Nottinghamshire; Newnsham in Gloucestershire, Wix in Essex, and Bosham in Sussex.

In 1335, he married Elizabeth de Badlesmere. Her parents Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere, and Margaret de Clare had both turned against Edward II the decade before. Elizabeth and William were granted some of the property of Elizabeth's first husband, who had also been Mortimer's son and heir.

William was created Earl of Northampton in 1337, one of the six earls created by Edward III to renew the ranks of the higher nobility. Since de Bohun was a younger son, and did not have an income suitable to his rank, he was given an annuity until suitable estates could be found.

In 1349 he became a Knight of the Garter. He served as High Sheriff of Rutland from 1349 until his death in 1360.

In 1339 he accompanied the King to Flanders. He served variously in Brittany and in Scotland, and was present at the great English victories at Sluys and was a commander at Crécy. His most stunning feat was commanding an English force to victory against a much bigger French force at the Battle of Morlaix in 1342. Some of the details are in dispute, but it is clear that he made good use of pit traps, which stopped the French cavalry.

In addition to being a warrior, William was also a renowned diplomat. He negotiated two treaties with France, one in 1343 and one in 1350. He was also charged with negotiating in Scotland for the freedom of King David Bruce, King of Scots, who was held prisoner by the English.

From the 8 March 1352 to 5 March 1355 he was appointed Admiral of the Northern Seas, Fleet.

Issue
1. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (1341–1373)
- Eleanor de Bohun (1366 - October 3, 1399); married Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Edward III; mother of Anne of Gloucester.
- Mary de Bohun (1368–1394); mother of Henry V of England
2. Elizabeth de Bohun (c. 1350–1385); married Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel [1]

[1] William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, Wikipedia

William married de Badlesmere, Countess Elizabeth in 1335 in England. Elizabeth was born in 1313 in Badlesmere Castle, Badlesmere, Kent, England; died on 8 Jun 1356 in Caldecote, Huntingdonshire, England; was buried on 26 Jun 1356 in Blackfriars, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duchess
• Life Event: Peerage of England
• FSID: 9HKX-8B3
• Appointments / Titles: 1338; Countess of Norfolk
• Appointments / Titles: 1338; Earl Marshall of England
• Appointments / Titles: 29 Sep 1397; Duchess of Norfolk

Notes:

Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk

Spouse(s) John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave
Sir Walter Mauny
Issue
John de Segrave
John de Segrave (again)
Elizabeth de Segrave
Margaret de Segrave
Thomas Mauny
Anne Mauny
Isabel Mauny
Father Thomas of Brotherton
Mother Alice Hales
Born c.1320
Died 24 March 1399
Buried Grey Friars, London

Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Margaret, in her own right Countess of Norfolk (sometimes surnamed Brotherton or Marshal;[1] c. 1320–24 March 1399), was the daughter and eventual sole heir of Thomas of Brotherton, eldest son of Edward I, by his second marriage. In 1338 she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal.

Family
Margaret (b. about 1320), was the daughter of Thomas of Brotherton and Alice de Hales (d. in or before 1330). Her paternal grandparents were Edward I and Margaret (1279?–1318), daughter of Philippe III of France (d.1285).[2] Her maternal grandparents were Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon, Roughton, Norfolk and Alice.[3][4] She had a brother and sister:
Edward of Norfolk, who married Beatrice de Mortimer, daughter of Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, but died without issue before 9 August 1334.[5] Alice of Norfolk, who married Sir Edward de Montagu.[6]

Life
In 1335 aged 15 (the typical age of marriage for maidens of that era), she was married to John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, and proceeded to have four children - two sons and two daughters - by him. In 1350, she sought a divorce on the ground that they had been contracted in marriage (in other words betrothed) before she was of marriageable age, and that she had never consented to cohabit with him. She made known her intention of traveling to the continent in order to plead personally with the Pope for a divorce. King Edward III prohibited her from leaving England, but she set off incognito anyway, having taken care to obtain a safe conduct from the King of France.

The following year (1351) Edward III charged her with having crossed the English Channel in contravention of his prohibition.[7] The inquisition, regarding this incident, shows that Margaret unlawfully crossed the Channel and met with a servant of her future husband, Sir Walter de Mauny, who broke his lantern with his foot so she could pass unnoticed and acted as her guardian during her sojourn in France. This incident and the involvement of her future husband's retainer may indicate the real motivation for Margaret seeking a divorce.

The divorce case was ultimately heard by the Pope's auditor, the Dean of St. Hilary's at Poitiers. However, Margaret's first husband died in 1353, before the divorce could be finalized. Shortly thereafter, and just before 30 May 1354, she married Sir Walter de Mauny without the King's licence. They were married 18 years, and had three children before he died at London on 8 or 13 January 1372.[8]

On 29 September 1397, Margaret was created Duchess of Norfolk for life.[8] She died 24 March 1399, and was buried in the choir of Grey Friars in the City of London.[8]

The executors of her will are reported to be John Sileby & Walter fitz Piers, who in 1399 were reported to be attempting to recover money due to her estate.[9]

Marriages and issue
Margaret married firstly, about 1335,[4] John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, by whom she had two sons and two daughters:[10]

John de Segrave, who died young.[10]

John de Segrave (d. before 1 April 1353), second of that name, who was contracted to marry Blanche of Lancaster, younger daughter and coheiress of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. However the contract was later declared void[11] and Blanche later married John of Gaunt. About 1349, a double marriage was solemnized in which John Segrave married Blanche Mowbray, while John's sister, Elizabeth Segrave, married Blanche Mowbray's brother, John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray, Pope Clement VI having granted dispensations for the marriages at the request of Lancaster, in order to prevent 'disputes between the parents', who were neighbours.[12][13][11]

Elizabeth de Segrave, 5th Baroness Segrave, who married John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray.[11]

Margaret de Segrave, who died young, before 1353.[11]

Shortly before 30 May 1354, Margaret married secondly, and without the King's licence, Sir Walter Mauny,[14] by whom she had a son and two daughters:[11]
Thomas Mauny, who was drowned in a well at Deptford at the age of ten.[11]
Anne Mauny, who married John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke.[11]
Isabel Mauny, who was living in 1358, but died without issue before 30 November 1371.[11]
Distinction

As her brother had died without issue, she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal at her father's death in 1338. To date, she is the only woman to have held the latter office.

Fictional representations
Margaret is a character in Georgette Heyer's last novel My Lord John, where she is portrayed sympathetically as a kindly though outwardly formidable old lady.

References
1. "Brotherton [Marshal], Margaret". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53070 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F53070) . (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://global.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/) required.)
2. Waugh 2004.
3. Richardson II 2011, p. 631.
4. Archer II 2004.
5. Richardson II 2011, p. 634.
6. Richardson II 2011, pp. 634-5.
7. Richardson II 2011, pp. 637-8.
8. Richardson II 2011, p. 638.
9. Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas. National Archives; CP 40/555; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/H4/CP40no555/bCP40no555dorses/IMG_0329.htm; first entry
10. Richardson II 2011, p. 639.
11. Richardson II 2011, p. 640.
12. Cokayne 1936, p. 384.
13. Archer I 2004.
14. Sumption 2004.

Sources
Archer, Rowena E. (2004). "Mowbray, John (III), fourth Lord Mowbray (1340–1368)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19452. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Archer, Rowena E. (2004). "‘Brotherton, Margaret, suo jure duchess of Norfolk (c.1320–1399)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53070. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 380–5.

Cokayne, George Edward (1949). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. XI. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 609–10.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 144996639X.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966349.

Sumption, Jonathan (2004). "Mauny, Sir Walter (c.1310–1372)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17985. (Subscription or UK public ibrary membership required.)

Waugh, Scott L. (2004). "Thomas, first earl of Norfolk (1300–1338)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27196. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Calendar Inquisitions Miscellaneous, vol. 3, 1937

Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers: Letters, 4, 1902

Segrave, Charles, The Segrave Family: 1066 to 1935

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret,_Duchess_of_Norfolk&oldid=785183602"
Categories: 1320 births 1399 deaths House of Plantagenet Earls of Norfolk (1312) Dukes of Norfolk
Women of medieval England Pre-1876 life peers Hereditary women peers Created suo jure peeresses
Earls Marshal English duchesses English countesses 14th-century English people
Duchesses of Norfolk
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Family/Spouse: de Mauny, Gauthier. Gauthier was born in 1310 in England; died on 21 Jan 1372 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married de Segrave, Sir John in 1335 in England. John (son of de Segrave, Sir Stephen and FitzAlan, Lady Alice) was born on 4 May 1315 in Norfolk, England; died on 1 Apr 1353 in Bretby, Derbyshire, England; was buried on 9 Apr 1353 in Chacombe Priory, Chacombe, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 11th Earl of Arundel
• FSID: L8BX-892

Richard married de Bohun, Countess Elizabeth on 28 Sep 1359 in Derbyshire, England. Elizabeth (daughter of de Bohun, Earl William and de Badlesmere, Countess Elizabeth) was born in 1350 in Derby, Derbyshire, England; died on 3 Apr 1385 in Arundel, Sussex, England; was buried after 3 Apr 1385 in Lewes Priory (Historical), Lewes, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GJR3-58M

Notes:

https://www.geni.com/people/Margaret-de-Swynhowe/328345853190006031?through=6000000000957307067

Also known as Margaret d’isley or Margaret Disney.

Margaret married Bradford, John in 1412 in Newcastle Upon Tyne, Northumberland, England. John was born in 1374 in Newcastle Upon Tyne, Northumberland, England; died on 18 Sep 1420 in Newcastle Upon Tyne, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Arundel
• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Surrey
• FSID: L8BX-895
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1376 and 1397; Countess of Arundel
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1376 and 1397; Countess of Surrey

Notes:

Lady Elizabeth de Bohun, Countess of Arundel, Countess of Surrey (c. 1350 – 3 April 1385) was a member of the Anglo-Norman Bohun family, which wielded much power in the Welsh Marches and the English government. She was the first wife of Richard FitzAlan, a powerful English nobleman and military commander in the reigns of Edward III and Richard II. She was the mother of seven of his children, and as the wife of one of the most powerful nobles in the realm, enjoyed much prestige and took precedence over most of the other peers' wives.

Lady Elizabeth de Bohun was born around 1350, the daughter of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth de Badlesmere. Her older brother Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford married Joan FitzAlan, a sister of the 11th Earl of Arundel, by whom he had two daughters. Elizabeth had a half-brother, Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March, by her mother's first marriage to Sir Edmund Mortimer.

Her paternal grandparents were Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, daughter of King Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile. Her maternal grandparents were Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare.

Lady Elizabeth's parents both died when she was young, her mother having died in 1356, and her father in 1360.

Elizabeth de Bohun died on 3 April 1385 at the age of about thirty-five. She was buried at Lewes in Sussex. Her husband married secondly Philippa Mortimer on 15 August 1390, by whom he had a son: John FitzAlan (1394- after 1397).

Richard FitzAlan was executed by decapitation on 21 September 1397 at Tower Hill Cheapside, London for having committed high treason against King Richard. His titles and estates were attainted until October 1400, when they were restored to his son and heir, Thomas FitzAlan, 5th Earl of Arundel, by the new king, Henry IV, who had ascended to the English throne upon the deposition of King Richard in 1399.

On 28 September 1359, by Papal dispensation, Elizabeth married Richard FitzAlan, who succeeded to the earldoms of Arundel and Surrey upon the death of his father, Richard FitzAlan, 3rd Earl of Arundel in 1376. Their marriage was especially advantageous as it united two of the most powerful families in England. The alliance was further strengthened by the marriage of Elizabeth's brother, Humphrey to FitzAlan's sister Joan.

As the Countess of Arundel, Elizabeth was one of the most important women in England, who enjoyed much prestige, and after the Queen, the Duchesses of Lancaster and York, and the Countess of Buckingham, took precedence over the other noble ladies in the realm.

At the coronation of King Richard II, FitzAlan carried the crown. In the same year, 1377, he was made Admiral of the South and West. The following year, 1378, he attacked Harfleur, but was repelled by the French.
FitzAlan allied himself with the King's uncle Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, who was married to FitzAlan's niece Eleanor de Bohun, who was also Elizabeth's niece. The two men eventually became members of the Council of Regency, and formed a strong and virulent opposition to the King. This would later prove fatal to both men.

Richard and Elizabeth had seven children:
Thomas FitzAlan, 5th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Surrey KG (13 October 1381- 13 October 1415), married 26 November 1405, Beatrice, illegitimate daughter of King John I of Portugal and Inez Perez Esteves. The marriage was childless.
Lady Eleanor FitzAlan (c.1365- 1375), on 28 October 1371, at the age of about six, married Robert de Ufford. Died childless.
Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan (1366- 8 July 1425), married firstly before 1378, Sir William de Montagu, secondly in 1384, Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by whom she had four children, thirdly before 19 August 1401, Sir Robert Goushill, by whom she had two daughters, and fourthly before 1411, Sir Gerard Afflete. The Howard Dukes of Norfolk descend from her daughter Margaret Mowbray who married Sir Robert Howard. Joan Goushill, daughter from the 3rd marriage, was ancestress of James Madison, 4th President of the U.S.A.
Lady Joan FitzAlan (1375- 14 November 1435), married William de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Bergavenny, by whom she had a son, Richard de Beauchamp, 1st Earl of Worcester and a daughter Joan de Beauchamp, wife of James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormonde.
Lady Alice Fitzalan (1378- before October 1415), married before March 1392, John Cherlton, Lord Cherlton. Had an affair with Cardinal Henry Beaufort, by whom she had an illegitimate daughter, Jane Beaufort.
Lady Margaret FitzAlan (1382- after 1423), married Sir Rowland Lenthall, of Hampton Court, Herefordshire, by whom she had two sons.
Son FitzAlan (his name is given as either Richard or William).

Elizabeth married FitzAlan, Lord Richard IV on 28 Sep 1359 in Derbyshire, England. Richard (son of FitzAlan, Lord Richard and Plantagenet, Eleanor of Lancaster) was born on 2 Apr 1346 in Arundel Castle, Arundel, Sussex, England; died on 21 Sep 1397 in London, London, England; was buried after 21 Sep 1397 in Austin Friars, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 5th Baroness of Seagrave
• FSID: K8BY-JWT

Notes:

Direct descendant of Robert de Vere, who signed Magna Carta as surety for King John

Elizabeth married de Mowbray, John III on 25 Mar 1349 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. John (son of de Mowbray, Sir John II and Plantagenet, Lady Joan of Lancaster) was born on 3 Jul 1340 in Epworth, Lincolnshire, England; was christened on 10 Jul 1340 in Epworth, Lincolnshire, England; died on 25 Oct 1368 in Thrace, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; was buried after 25 Oct 1368 in Thrace, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Baroness FitaAlan
• Appointments / Titles: Duchess
• Appointments / Titles: Duchess of Norfolk
• FSID: LRF9-PX3

Notes:

Elizabeth Fitzalan, Duchess of Norfolk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lady Elizabeth Fitzalan, Duchess of Norfolk (1366 – 8 July 1425)[1] was an English noblewoman and the wife of Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk. Through her eldest daughter, Lady Margaret Mowbray, Elizabeth was an ancestress of Queens consort Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, and the Howard Dukes of Norfolk. Her other notable descendants include Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk; Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby; Sir Thomas Wyatt, the younger; and Lady Jane Grey (by both parents).

Marriages and children
Lady Elizabeth was born in Derbyshire, England, a daughter of Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel and his first wife Elizabeth de Bohun, daughter of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth de Badlesmere.

Elizabeth had four husbands and at least six children:
1) Sir William Montacute, the eldest son of William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (before December1378).
2) Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (1384)
3) Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk (b. 17 September 1385)
4) Margaret de Mowbray (b. 1388), married Sir Robert Howard (1385 - 1436), and from this marriage descended Queens consort Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, and the Howard Dukes of Norfolk.
5)John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (b. 1392)
60 Isabel de Mowbray (b.1400), married James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley
Sir Robert Goushill or Gousell of Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire (before 18 August 1401)
1) Elizabeth Goushill or Gousell (1404-1491), wife of Sir Robert Wingfield of Letheringham, Suffolk (1403-between 6 October 1452 and 21 November 1454), they were great-grandparents to Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk.
2) Joan or Jean Goushill or Gousell (b. 1409), wife of Thomas Stanley, 1st Baron Stanley, King of Mann, and parents of Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby.
3) Sir Gerald or Gerard Afflete (before 1411)

She died 8 July 1425 in Wighill, Yorkshire, England, and was buried with her third husband in the Goushill tomb in St Michael's Church, Hoveringham, Thurgarton Hundred, Nottinghamshire, England.

References
1. Memorials of the Order of the Garter from Its Foundation to the Present ... By Geogre Frederick p. 298 (https://www.google.com/books?id=4xwNAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA298&dq=%22Elizabeth+Fitzalan%22&as_brr=0&ei=No0pR_KsA6jA7AKJh_DoDg) accessed 1 November 2007

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Fitzalan,_Duchess_of_Norfolk&oldid=758564223"
Categories: 1366 births 1425 deaths People from Derbyshire Daughters of British earls
Women of medieval England English duchesses by marriage Disease-related deaths in England
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Elizabeth married Goushill, Sir Robert on 28 Aug 1401. Robert was born in 1350 in Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire, England; died on 21 Jul 1403 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England; was buried after 21 Jul 1403 in St Michael Churchyard, Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married de Mowbray, Thomas in 1384 in Arundel Castle, Arundel, Sussex, England. Thomas (son of de Mowbray, John III and de Segrave, Baroness Elizabeth) was born on 22 Mar 1367 in Epworth, Lincolnshire, England; died on 22 Sep 1399 in Venice, Venezia, Veneto, Italy; was buried after 22 Sep 1399 in Venice, Venezia, Veneto, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GJRQ-QJX

Family/Spouse: Southworth, Lady Elizabeth. Elizabeth was born in 1415 in Arksey, Yorkshire, England; died on 12 Aug 1494 in Arksey, Yorkshire, England; was buried on 12 Aug 1494 in Arksey, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Knight of the Garter
• Appointments / Titles: Lord Duke
• FSID: LHTZ-3WG
• Appointments / Titles: 10 Feb 1383; 6th Lord of Mowbray
• Appointments / Titles: 12 Feb 1383; 1st Earl of Nottingham
• Appointments / Titles: 30 Jun 1385; Earl Marshall of England
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1389 and 1399; Warden of the East March
• Appointments / Titles: 29 Sep 1397; 1st Duke of Norfolk

Notes:

Thomas de Mowbray , 1st Duke of Norfolk

Spouse(s) Elizabeth le Strange
Elizabeth Arundel
Issue Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk
John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
Elizabeth Mowbray
Isabel Mowbray
Margaret Mowbray
Father John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray
Mother Elizabeth de Segrave
Born 22 March 1367 or 1368
Died 22 September 1399 (aged 31 or 32)vVenice, Republic of Venice
Buried Venice, Italy

Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal (22 March 1367 or 1368 – 22 September 1399) was an English peer. As a result of his involvement in the power struggles which led up to the fall of Richard II, he was banished and died in exile in Venice.

Origins
Mowbray was the second son of John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray, and Elizabeth de Segrave, suo jure Lady Segrave, daughter and heiress of John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, by Margaret, daughter and heiress of Thomas of Brotherton, son of Edward I.[1] He had an elder brother, John de Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham, and three sisters, Eleanor, Margaret and Joan (for details concerning his siblings see the article on his father, John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray).

Career
In April 1372, custody of both Thomas and his elder brother, John, was granted to Blanche Wake, a sister of their grandmother, Joan of Lancaster.[2] On 10 February 1383, he succeeded his elder brother, John Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham, as Baron Mowbray and Segrave, and was created Earl of Nottingham on 12 February 1383.[3] On 30 June 1385 he was created Earl Marshal for life, and on 12 January 1386 he was granted the office in tail male.[4][a] He fought against the Scots and then against the French. He was appointed Warden of the East March towards Scotland in 1389, a position he held until his death.

He was one of the Lords Appellant to King Richard II who deposed some of the King's court favourites in 1387. He worked his way back into the king's good graces, however, and was likely instrumental in the murder, in 1397, of the king's uncle (and senior Lord Appellant), Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, who was imprisoned at Calais, where Nottingham was Captain. In gratitude, on 29 September 1397, the king created him Duke of Norfolk.[4][3]

In 1398, Norfolk quarreled with Henry of Bolingbroke, 1st Duke of Hereford (later King Henry IV), apparently due to mutual suspicions stemming from their roles in the conspiracy against the Duke of Gloucester. Before a duel between them could take place, Richard II banished them both. Mowbray left England on 19 October 1398.[6] While in exile, he succeeded as Earl of Norfolk when his grandmother, Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, died on 24 March 1399.[6] He died of the plague at Venice on 22 September 1399.[3] Bolingbroke returned to England in 1399 and usurped the crown on 30 September 1399; shortly afterward, on 6 October 1399, the creation of Mowbray as Duke of Norfolk was annulled by Parliament, although Mowbray's heir retained his other titles.[6][3]

Arms of Mowbray
The traditional, and historic arms for the Mowbray family are "Gules, a lion rampant argent". Although it is certain that these arms are differenced by various devices, this primary blazon applies to all the family arms, including their peerages at Norfolk. They are never indicated to bear the arms of Thomas Brotherton, nor any other English Royal Arms.

Sir Bernard Burkes, C.B., LL.D.,Ulster King of Arms, in his book 'A General Armory of England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland', 1884, page 713, provides the following detailed listing of the Mowbray/Norfolk arms: "Mowbray (Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Nottingham, Earl of Warren and Surrey, Earl Marshal of England, and Baron Mowbray: dukedom and earldoms extinct 1475, when the barony fell into abeyance. The Mowbrays descended from Roger de Mowbray, son of Nigel d'Albini, who, possessing the lands of Mowbray [Montbray], assumed that surname by command of Henry I., his descendant, Roger de Mowbray, was summoned to Parliament 1295, the fifth baron was created Earl of Nottingham, 1377, d.s.p., his brother, the sixth Baron, was re-created Earl of Nottingham, 1383, constituted Earl Marshal, and created Duke of Norfolk, 139G, the fourth duke was created Earl of Warren and Surrey, vita patris, and d. without surviving issue, when all his honours became extinct except the barony, which fell into abeyance among the descendants of the daus. of the first Duke, of whom Lady Isabel is represented by the Earl of Berkeley, and Lady Margaret by the Lords Stourton and Pttre, as heirs general, and by the Duke of Norfolk, as heir male). Gu. a lion ramp. ar.

Crest—A leopard or, ducally gorged ar.; granted by patent to the first duke, 17 Richard II. [1377 – 1399], which acknowledges his right to bear for his crest " a golden leopard with a white label," the crest of his maternal ancestor, Thomas Plantagenet, of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, and grants the coronet instead of the label, which would of right belong to the King's son.

Marriages and issue
He married firstly, after 20 February 1383, Elizabeth le Strange (c. 6 December 1373 – 23 August 1383), suo jure Lady Strange of Blackmere, daughter and heiress of John le Strange, 5th Baron Strange of Blackmere, by Isabel Beauchamp, daughter of Thomas Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick, by whom he had no issue.[3]

He married secondly Elizabeth Arundel (c.1372 – 8 July 1425), widow of Sir William Montagu, and daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, by Elizabeth Bohun, daughter of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, by whom he had two sons and three daughters:[3]

Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk.[7]
John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk.[7]
Elizabeth Mowbray, who married Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk.[7]
Margaret Mowbray, who married firstly Sir Robert Howard, by whom she was the mother of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, and secondly Sir John Grey of Ruthin, Derbyshire.[7]
Isabel Mowbray; married firstly Sir Henry Ferrers, son of 5th Baron Ferrers of Groby, and secondly James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley.[7]

Shakespeare
Mowbray's quarrel with Bolingbroke and subsequent banishment are depicted in the opening scene of Shakespeare's Richard II.[8] Thomas Mowbray (as he is called in the play) prophetically replies to King Richard's "Lions make leopards tame" with the retort, "Yea, but not change his spots." Mowbray's death in exile is announced later in the play by the Bishop of Carlisle.

Notes
a. Cockayne gives the year 1385 as when he was created Earl Marshal. Round, howev,e prrovides that he was granted the office of Marshal of England in 1385 but only formally received the title of Earl Marshal i1n386. [5]

Citations
1. Richardson III 2011, pp. 206-7.
2. Cokayne 1936, p. 780.
3. Richardson III 2011, p. 208.
4. Cokayne 1936, p. 385.
5. Round 1899, pp. 314-315.
6. Cokayne 1936, p. 603.
7. Richardson III 2011, p. 2010.
8. McConnell, Louise (2000).D ictionary of Shakespeare, p. 194. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn PublishersI. SBN 1-57958-215-X.

References
Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. IX. London: St. Catherine Press.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966381.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 144996639X.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1460992709.

Round, J.H. (1899). Commune of London and Other Studies.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_de_Mowbray,_1st_Duke_of_Norfolk&oldid=785851946"
Categories: 1360s births 1399 deaths Earls Marshal Dukes of Norfolk Earls of Norfolk (1312)
Earls of Nottingham Barons Mowbray Barons Segrave Knights of the Garter
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He was the first Duke of Norfolk, Earl Of Nottingham, Earl Marshal. A close relative of Richard II. Thomas fell foul of the king and was banished for life in 1398, dying in Venice in 1399,aged 33. He had married Elizabeth Fitzaian, daughter of Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel. Thomas appears in Shakespeare's "King Richard II"

Find A Grave Memorial# 131795154. Taken from Findagrave website created by Kat: "Sir John was the elder son of John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray, and Elizabeth Segrave.
He had a younger brother, Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, and three sisters, Eleanor, Margaret and Joan.
After the deaths of his parents he became Baron Segrave and Baron Mowbray.
John and his brother Thomas was granted to their great aunt Blanche Wake, a sister of their grandmother, Joan of Lancaster.
He was knighted on April 23, 1377 with the future Richard II and the future Henry IV when the two noblemen were made Knights of the Bath.
John was created Earl of Nottingham, on July 16 1377, when Richard II was crowned. As joint tenants of the estates of William Beauchamp of Bedford, he and William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer successfully claimed the right to serve as Almoner at the coronation.
John died before February 12, 1383, aged seventeen and unmarried, and was buried at the Whitefriars in Fleet Street, London. The earldom of Nottingham became extinct at his death. He was succeeded in the barony of Mowbray by his younger brother, Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, who became Earl of Nottingham on January 12, 1386 by a new creation of the earldom."

m. (ante 1368) Sir John Welles, 5th Baron Welles (p. John Welles and Maud Roos). Issue:
* Eudes (or Ives) married Maud Greystoke
* Eleanor m.1 Sir Hugh Poynings; m.2 Sir Godfrey Hilton

Thomas married FitzAlan, Elizabeth in 1384 in Arundel Castle, Arundel, Sussex, England. Elizabeth (daughter of FitzAlan, Lord Richard IV and de Bohun, Countess Elizabeth) was born on 8 Jul 1366 in Arundel Castle, Arundel, Sussex, England; died on 8 Jul 1425 in Wighill, Yorkshire, England; was buried on 17 Jul 1425 in St Michael Churchyard, Hoveringham, Nottinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married le Strange, Elizabeth after 20 Feb 1383 in England. Elizabeth was born on 22 Dec 1373 in Chawton, Hampshire, England; died on 14 Sep 1383 in Chawton, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Nottingham
• Appointments / Titles: Duchess
• Appointments / Titles: Duchess of Norfolk
• FSID: LRX9-J3F
• Alternate Death: 17 Jul 1425, Stringston, Somerset, England

Margaret married Howard, Sir Robert in 1410 in Norfolk, England. Robert (son of Howard, John and Tendring, Alice) was born in 1383 in Forncett Manor, Forncett, Norfolk, England; died in 1437 in Suffolk, England; was buried in Apr 1437 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GJDS-Q5P

Family/Spouse: Mirfyn, Mary. Mary was born in 1439 in Yorkshire, England; died in 1460 in Yorkshire, England; was buried in 1460 in Arksey Cemetery, Arksey, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Life Event: Peerage of England
• FSID: LC5X-KB5
• Appointments / Titles: 1449; Member of Parliment
• Military: 1452; Expedition to Guyenne
• Military: 26 Jul 1453; Present at the Battle of Chastillon
• Appointments / Titles: 1461; Constable of Colchester Castle
• Appointments / Titles: 1461; King's carver
• Appointments / Titles: 1461; Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk
• Military: 29 Mar 1461; At the Battle of Towton
• Appointments / Titles: 29 Mar 1461; Knight of the Garter
• Military: 1462; He and Lords Fauconberg and Clinton made a descent on Brittany, and took Croquet and the Isle of Rhé.
• Appointments / Titles: 1463; 1st Duke of Norfolk of the Howard family
• Appointments / Titles: 1470; Created a baron by King Henry VI
• Military: 22 Aug 1485; Commanded the vanguard, largely composed of archers at the Battle of Bosworth Field

Notes:

John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
Spouse(s) Katherine Moleyns
Margaret Chedworth
Issue Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
Nicholas Howard
Isabel Howard
Anne Howard
Margaret Howard
Jane Howard
Katherine Howard
Noble family Howard
Father Sir Robert Howard
Mother Margaret Mowbray
Born c.1425
Died 22 August 1485

Arms of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk KG (c. 1425 – 22 August 1485), was an English nobleman, soldier, politician, and the first Howard Duke of Norfolk. He was a close friend and loyal supporter of King Richard III, with whom he was slain at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.

Family
John Howard, born about 1425, was the son of Sir Robert Howard of Tendring (1398–1436) and Margaret de Mowbray (1391–1459), eldest daughter of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (of the first creation) (1366–1399), by Elizabeth FitzAlan (1366–1425). His paternal grandparents were Sir John Howard of Wiggenhall, Norfolk, and Alice Tendring, daughter of Sir William Tendring.

Howard was a descendant of English royalty through both sides of his family. On his father's side, Howard was descended from Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, the second son of King John, who had an illegitimate son, named Richard (d.1296), whose daughter, Joan of Cornwall, married Sir John Howard (d. shortly before 23 July 1331). On his mother's side, Howard was descended from Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, the elder son of Edward I of England by his second wife, Margaret of France, and from Edward I's younger brother, Edmund Crouchback.

Career
Howard succeeded his father in 1436. In his youth he was in the household of John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk (d. 1461), and was drawn into Norfolk's conflicts with William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk. In 1453 he was involved in a lawsuit with Suffolk's wife, Alice Chaucer. He had been elected to Parliament in 1449 and during the 1450s he held several local offices. According to Crawford, he was at one point during this period described as 'wode as a wilde bullok'. He is said to have been with Lord Lisle in his expedition to Guyenne in 1452, which ended in defeat at Castillon on 17 July 1453. He received an official commission from the King on 10 December 1455 and also had been utilised by Henry to promote friendship between Lord Moleyns (his father-in-law) and one John Clopton.

He was a staunch adherent of the House of York during the Wars of the Roses, and was knighted by King Edward IV at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461, and in the same year was appointed Constable of Norwich and Colchester castles, and became part of the royal household as one of the King's carvers, 'the start of a service to the house of York which was to last for the rest of his life'.

In 1461 Howard was High Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, and during the years 1462-4 he took part in military campaigns against the Lancastrians. In 1467 he served as deputy for Norfolk as Earl Marshal at 'the most splendid tournament of the age when Antoine, count of La Roche, the Bastard of Burgundy, jousted against the Queen's brother, Lord Scales. In the same year he was one of three ambassadors sent to Burgundy to arrange the marriage of the King's sister, Margaret of York, to Charles, Duke of Burgundy. At about this time he was made a member of the King's council, and in 1468 he was among those who escorted Margaret to Burgundy for her wedding. During the 1460s Howard had become involved in the internal politics of St John's Abbey in Colchester, of which he was a patron. He interfered with the abbatial elections at the Abbey following the death of Abbot Ardeley in 1464, helping the Yorkist supporter John Canon to win the election. Howard then appears to have interfered again in support of Abbot Stansted's election following Canon's death in 1464.

Howard's advancement in the King's household continued. By 1467 he was a knight of the body, and in September 1468 was appointed Treasurer of the Royal Household, an office which he held for only two years, until Edward lost the throne in 1470.

According to Crawford, Howard was a wealthy man by 1470, when Edward IV's first reign ended and he went into exile on the continent. In the area around Stoke by Nayland Howard held some sixteen manors, seven of which the King had granted him in 1462. After 1463, he purchased a number of other manors, including six forfeited by John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford, the son of his cousin, Elizabeth Howard.

Howard was summoned to Parliament from 15 October 1470 by writs directed to Iohanni Howard de Howard Militi and Iohanni Howard Chivaler, whereby he is held to have become Lord Howard. On 24 April 1472 he was admitted to the Order of the Garter.

In April 1483 he bore the royal banner at the funeral of King Edward IV. He supported Richard III's usurpation of the throne from King Edward V, and was appointed Lord High Steward. He bore the crown before Richard at his coronation, while his eldest son, the Earl of Surrey, carried the Sword of State. On 28 June 1483 he was created Duke of Norfolk, third creation, the first creation having become extinct on the death of John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk, in 1476, and the second creation having been invalidated by Richard's illegitimisation, on 25 June 1483, of Edward IV's second son Richard of York. This left John Howard as heir to the duchy, and his alliance with Richard ensured his acquisition of the title. He was also created Earl Marshal, and Lord Admiral of all England, Ireland, and Aquitaine.

The Duke's principal home was at Stoke-by-Nayland (and later Framlingham Castle) in Suffolk. However, after his second marriage he frequently resided at Ockwells Manor at Cox Green in Bray as it was conveniently close to the royal residence at Windsor Castle.

Marriages and issue
Effigy of Lady Anne Gorges, Gorges tomb, Wraxall Church
Before 29 September 1442 Howard married Katherine Moleyns (d. 3 November 1465), the daughter of Sir William Moleyns (7 January 1378 – 8 June 1425), styled Lord Moleyns, of Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire, and his wife, Margery Whalesborough (d. 26 March 1439). There is confusion in some sources between the wives of Sir William Moleyns (d. 8 June 1425) and his eldest son and heir, Sir William Moleyns, who was slain at the siege of Orleans on 8 May 1429, and who married, on 1 May 1423, as his second wife, Anne Whalesborough (died c. 1487), the daughter and co-heir of John Whalesborough, esquire, of Whalesborough, Cornwall.

By Katherine Moleyns Howard had two sons and four daughters:

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Surrey (1443–21 May 1524), who married firstly, on 30 April 1472, as her second husband, Elizabeth Tilney, by whom he had ten children including Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Howard, wife of Sir Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire; he married secondly, in 1497, Agnes Tilney, by whom he had eleven children.
Nicholas Howard (died c.1468).
Isabel or Elizabeth Howard, who married Robert Mortimer (d.1485), esquire, of Landmere in Thorpe-le-Soken, slain at Bosworth, by whom she had a daughter, Elizabeth, who married George Guildford, younger son of Sir Richard Guildford.
Anne Howard (1446–1474), who married Sir Edmund Gorges (d.1512) of Wraxall, by whom she had issue including Sir Thomas Gorges.
Jane Howard (1450 – August 15, 1508), who in 1481 married Sir John Timperley of Hintlesham, Suffolk, no issue.
Margaret Howard (1445–1484), who married Sir John Wyndham of Crownthorpe and Felbrigg, Norfolk, by whom she had issue.

Howard married secondly, before 22 January 1467, Margaret (1436–1494), the daughter of Sir John Chedworth and his wife, Margaret Bowett,[16] and widow, firstly of Nicholas Wyfold (1420–1456), Lord Mayor of London, and secondly of Sir John Norreys (1400 – 1 September 1466), Master of the Wardrobe.[17]

By his second wife, Margaret Chedworth, he had one daughter:[17]

Katherine Howard (died 17 March 1536), who married John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, by whom she had issue.

Death
John Howard was slain at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485 along with his friend and patron King Richard.[18] Howard was the commander of the vanguard, and his son, the Earl of Surrey, his lieutenant. Howard was killed when a Lancastrian arrow struck him in the face after the face guard had been torn off his helmet during an earlier altercation with the Earl of Oxford.[19] He was slain prior to King Richard, which had a demoralising effect on the king. Shakespeare relates how, the night before, someone had left John Howard a note attached to his tent warning him that King Richard III, his "master," was going to be double-crossed (which he was):

"Jack of Norfolk, be not too bold, For Dickon, thy master, is bought and sold."[20]

However, this story does not appear prior to Edward Hall in 1548, so the story may well be an apocryphal embellishment of a later era.[21] He was buried in Thetford Priory, but his body seems to have been moved at the Reformation, possibly to the tomb of the 3rd Duke of Norfolk at Framlingham Church. The monumental brass of his first wife Katherine Moleyns can, however, still be seen in Suffolk.

Howard was the great-grandfather of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, the second and fifth Queens consort, respectively, of King Henry VIII. Thus, through Anne Boleyn, he was the great-great-grandfather of Elizabeth I. His titles were declared forfeit after his death by King Henry VII, but his son, the 1st Earl of Surrey, was later restored as 2nd Duke (the Barony of Howard, however, remains forfeit). His senior descendants, the Dukes of Norfolk, have been Earls Marshal and Premier Peers of England since the 17th century, and male-line descendants hold the Earldoms of Carlisle, Suffolk, Berkshire and Effingham.

References
Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 42, 610–12.

Crawford, Anne (2004). "Howard, John, first duke of Norfolk (d. 1485)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13921. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1-4499-6637-3.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. pp. 313, 409–413. ISBN 1-4499-6638-1. Retrieved 10 September 2013.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1-4499-6639-X.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1-4499-6631-4.

Watson, J. Yelloly (1877). The Tendring Hundred in the Olden Time. Colchester: Benham & Harrison. pp. 11–14, 163–4. Retrieved 10 September 2013.

D. N. J. MacCulloch (ed.). The Chorography of Suffolk.

Paul Murray Kendall, Richard The Third, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1955 ISBN 0-04-942048-8

Neil Grant, The Howards of Norfolk, Franklin Watts Ltd., London, 1972

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1891). "Howard, John (1430?-1485)". Dictionary of National Biography. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

Categories: 1425 births1485 deathsEarls MarshalKnights of the GarterLord High Admirals of EnglandDukes of NorfolkBarons MowbrayBarons SegraveHoward family (English aristocracy)English military personnel killed in actionHigh Sheriffs of BerkshireHigh Sheriffs of OxfordshireHigh Sheriffs of NorfolkHigh Sheriffs of SuffolkPeople from BaberghPeople from Bray, Berkshire15th-century English peopleMale Shakespearean characters
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John married de Moleynes, Catherine in 1440 in England. Catherine (daughter of de Moleynes, William) was born in 1424 in Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire, England; was christened between 1424 and 1465 in Stoke By Nayland, Suffolk, England; died on 3 Nov 1465 in Stoke By Nayland, Suffolk, England; was buried on 22 Nov 1465 in Nayland, Suffolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: M1YM-F4K
• Will: Between 19 Mar 1542 and 19 Mar 1543

Notes:

NOT MARRIED TO PHYLLIS RIPPLE. The listed children need review. Siblings are named in the Brown article.

Peter Bradford was born about 1460 in Bentley, Arksey, Yorkshire County, England. He died in 1542 in Bentley, Arksey, Yorkshire County, England.

Will dated January 17, 1542/43. Left son Robert 13 shillings and left a ewe lamb to each of his grandchildren. Wills of this and succeeding generations indicate possession of extensive lands, animals, and personal belongings even featherbeds and silver spoons.

He married an unknown spouse in 1481 in Bentley, Arksey, Yorkshire County, England.

«b»Notes for Peter Bradford:«/b»
It is reported that his approximate 1480 birth was in the Parish of Arksey, Bentley, Yorkshire, England. His death was between January 17 and March 18, 1542 in the same community. Peter Bradford's place of burial is at All Hallows's Churchyard, Bentley, York, England.

We do not have any information on the two wives he is reported to have married.

«b»Peter Bradford had the following child:«/b»
1.) Robert Bradford was born about 1487 in Weillingley, Tickhill, Yorkshire County, England. He died in 1553 in England. He married Elizabeth Braddourth. She was born about 1493. She died on Oct 21, 1556 in Tickhill, Yorkshire County, England.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 2nd Duke of Norfolk
• Appointments / Titles: Earl of Marshall
• Appointments / Titles: Sheriff of Norfolk & Surrey
• FSID: LCC6-7J3
• Occupation: Peerage of England
• Religion: Catholic
• Military: Between 1469 and 1470; Sided with King Edward IV
• Military: 14 Apr 1471; Battle of Barnet
• Appointments / Titles: 4 Jan 1478, England; Knight of the Order of the Bath
• Appointments / Titles: 14 Jan 1478; Knighted
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1483 and 1485, England; Privy Counselor
• Appointments / Titles: 1483, England; 1st Earl of Surrey
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1483 and 1485; Earl of Surrey
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1489 and 1514; Earl of Surrey
• Appointments / Titles: 1491, England; Order of the Garter
• Appointments / Titles: 1501; Knight of the Garter
• Appointments / Titles: 1 Feb 1514, England; 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Notes:

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Howard
The Duke of Norfolk
Spouse(s) Elizabeth Tilney
Agnes Tilney
Issue Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Sir Edward Howard
Lord Edmund Howard
Elizabeth Howard
Muriel Howard
William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
Lord Thomas Howard
Richard Howard
Dorothy Howard
Anne Howard
Katherine Howard
Elizabeth Howard
Noble family House of Howard
Father John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
Mother Katherine Moleyns
Born 1443
Died 21 May 1524

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk KG PC (1443 – 21 May 1524), styled Earl of Surrey from 1483 to 1485 and again from 1489 to 1514, was an English nobleman and politician. He was the only son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Katherine Moleyns. The Duke was the grandfather of both Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Catherine Howard and the great grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. He served four monarchs as a soldier and statesman.

Early life
Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, was born in 1443 at Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk, the only surviving son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Katherine, the daughter of William Moleyns (d. 8 June 1425) and his wife Margery. He was educated at Thetford Grammar School.

Service under Edward IV
While a youth he entered the service of King Edward IV as a henchman. Howard took the King's side when war broke out in 1469 with the Earl of Warwick, and took sanctuary at Colchester when the King fled to Holland in 1470. Howard rejoined the royal forces at Edward's return to England in 1471, and was severely wounded at the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471. He was appointed an esquire of the body in 1473. On 14 January 1478 he was knighted by Edward IV at the marriage of the King's second son, the young Duke of York, and Lady Anne Mowbray (d.1483).

Service under Richard III
After the death of Edward IV on 9 April 1483, Thomas Howard and his father John supported Richard III's usurpation of the throne. Thomas bore the Sword of State at Richard's coronation, and served as steward at the coronation banquet. Both Thomas and his father were granted lands by the new King, and Thomas was also granted an annuity of £1000. On 28 June 1483, John Howard was created Duke of Norfolk, while Thomas was created Earl of Surrey. Surrey was also sworn of the Privy Council and invested with the Order of the Garter. In the autumn of that year Norfolk and Surrey suppressed a rebellion against the King by the Duke of Buckingham. Both Howards remained close to King Richard throughout his two-year reign, and fought for him at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, where Surrey was wounded and taken prisoner, and his father killed. Surrey was attainted in the first Parliament of the new King, Henry VII, stripped of his lands, and committed to the Tower of London, where he spent the next three years.

Service under Henry VII
Howard was offered an opportunity to escape during the rebellion of the Earl of Lincoln in 1487, but refused, perhaps thereby convincing Henry VII of his loyalty. In May 1489 Henry restored him to the earldom of Surrey, although most of his lands were withheld, and sent him to quell a rebellion in Yorkshire. Surrey remained in the north as the King's lieutenant until 1499. In 1499 he was recalled to court, and accompanied the King on a state visit to France in the following year. In 1501 he was again appointed a member of the Council, and on 16 June of that year was made Lord High Treasurer. Surrey, Bishop Richard Foxe, the Lord Privy Seal, and Archbishop William Warham, the Lord Chancellor, became the King's 'executive triumvirate'. He was entrusted with a number of diplomatic missions. In 1501 he was involved in the negotiations for Catherine of Aragon's marriage to Arthur, Prince of Wales, and in 1503 conducted Margaret Tudor to Scotland for her wedding to King James IV.

Service under Henry VIII
Surrey was an executor of the will of King Henry VII when the King died on 21 April 1509, and played a prominent role in the coronation of King Henry VIII, in which he served as Earl Marshal. He challenged Thomas Wolsey in an effort to become the new King's first minister, but eventually accepted Wolsey's supremacy. Surrey expected to lead the 1513 expedition to France, but was left behind when the King departed for Calais on 30 June 1513. Shortly thereafter James IV launched an invasion, and Surrey, with the aid of other noblemen and his sons Thomas and Edmund, crushed James's much larger force near Branxton, Northumberland, on 9 September 1513 at the Battle of Flodden. The Scots may have lost as many as 10,000 men, and King James was killed. The victory at Flodden brought Surrey great popular renown and royal rewards. On 1 February 1514 he was created Duke of Norfolk, and his son Thomas was made Earl of Surrey. Both were granted lands and annuities, and the Howard arms were augmented in honour of Flodden with an escutcheon bearing the lion of Scotland pierced through the mouth with an arrow.

Final years
In the final decade of his life, Norfolk continued his career as a courtier, diplomat and soldier. In 1514 he joined Wolsey and Foxe in negotiating the marriage of Mary Tudor to King Louis XII of France, and escorted her to France for the wedding. On 1 May 1517 he led a private army of 1300 retainers into London to suppress the Evil May Day riots. In May 1521 he presided as Lord High Steward over the trial of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham. According to Head, 'he pronounced the sentence of death with tears streaming down his face'.

By the spring of 1522, Norfolk was almost 80 years of age and in failing health. He withdrew from court, resigned as Lord Treasurer in favour of his son in December of that year, and after attending the opening of Parliament in April 1523, retired to his ducal castle at Framlingham in Suffolk where he died on 21 May 1524. His funeral and burial on 22 June at Thetford Priory were said to have been 'spectacular and enormously expensive, costing over £1300 and including a procession of 400 hooded men bearing torches and an elaborate bier surmounted with 100 wax effigies and 700 candles', befitting the richest and most powerful peer in England. After the dissolution of Thetford Priory, the Howard tombs were moved to the Church of St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham. A now-lost monumental brass depicting the 2nd Duke was formerly in the Church of St. Mary at Lambeth.

Marriages and issue
On 30 April 1472 Howard married Elizabeth Tilney, the daughter of Sir Frederick Tilney of Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, and widow of Sir Humphrey Bourchier, slain at Barnet, son and heir apparent of Sir John Bourchier, 1st Baron Berners. They had issue:
1) Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
2) Sir Edward Howard
3) Lord Edmund Howard, father of Henry VIII's fifth Queen, Catherine Howard
4) Sir John Howard
5) Henry Howard
6) Charles Howard
7) Henry Howard (the younger)
8) Richard Howard
9) Elizabeth Howard, married Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and was mother of Queen Anne Boleyn, and grandmother of Queen Elizabeth.
10) Muriel Howard (d.1512), married firstly John Grey, Viscount Lisle (d.1504), and secondly Sir Thomas Knyvet

Norfolk's first wife died on 4 April 1497, and on 8 November 1497 he married, by dispensation dated 17 August 1497, her cousin, Agnes Tilney, the daughter of Hugh Tilney of Skirbeck and Boston, Lincolnshire and Eleanor, a daughter of Walter Tailboys. They had issue:

William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
Lord Thomas Howard (1511–1537)
Richard Howard (d.1517)
Dorothy Howard, married Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby
Anne Howard, married John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford
Catherine Howard, married firstly, Rhys ap Gruffydd. Married secondly, Henry Daubeney, 1st Earl of Bridgewater.
Elizabeth Howard (d. 1536), married Henry Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Sussex.

Footnotes
Richardson 2004, pp. 236, 504; Cokayne 1936, pp. 41, 612
Richardson 2004, p. 236
Head 2008.
Head 2008; Cokayne 1936
Richardson 2004, pp. 141, 236; Cokayne 1912, pp. 153–154
Richardson 2004, p. 236; Loades 2008
Richardson 2004, p. 236;Warnicke 2008
Richardson 2004, p. 236; Hughes 2007
Richardson 2004, p. 236; Gunn 2008.
Richardson 2004, p. 237
Richardson 2004, p. 237; Riordan 2004
Weir 1991, p. 619
Richardson 2004, p. 237; Cokayne 1916, pp. 209–211
Richardson 2004, p. 237; Cokayne 1945, pp. 244–245
Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition. 2011. pg 267-74.
Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition. 2011. pg 523-5.
Alleged daughter of Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord and Margaret de Vere [Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition. 2011. pg 523.]

References
Cokayne, George Edward (1912). The Complete Peerage edited by the Honourable Vicary Gibbs. II. London: St. Catherine Press.
Cokayne, George Edward (1916). The Complete Peerage edited by the Honourable Vicary Gibbs. IV. London: St. Catherine Press.
Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. IX. London: St. Catherine Press.
Cokayne, George Edward (1945). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. X. London: St. Catherine Press.
Cokayne, George Edward (1953). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. XII, Part I. London: St. Catherine Press.
Davies, Catherine (2008). Howard (née Tilney), Agnes, duchess of Norfolk (b. in or before 1477, d. 1545), noblewoman. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Gunn, S.J. (2008). Knyvet, Sir Thomas (c.1485–1512), courtier and sea captain. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
Head, David M. (2008). Howard, Thomas, second duke of Norfolk (1443–1524), magnate and soldier. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Hughes, Jonathan (2007). Boleyn, Thomas, earl of Wiltshire and earl of Ormond (1476/7–1539), courtier and nobleman. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
Knafla, Louis A. (2008). Stanley, Edward, third earl of Derby (1509–1572), magnate. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
Loades, David (2008). Howard, Sir Edward (1476/7–1513), naval commander. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
McDermott, James (2008). Howard, William, first Baron Howard of Effingham (c.1510–1573), naval commander. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Richardson, Douglas (2004). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company Inc. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
Riordan, Michael (2004). Howard, Lord Thomas (c.1512–1537), courtier. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Ridgard, John (1985). Medieval Framlingham. 27. Woodbridge: Suffolk Record Society.
Warnicke, Retha M. (2008). Katherine (Catherine; nee Katherine Howard) (1518x24-1542), queen of England and Ireland, fifth consort of Henry VIII. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
Weir, Alison (1991). The Six Wives of Henry VIII. New York: Grove Weidenfeld.

Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Mandell, Creighton (1891). "Howard, Thomas II (1473-1554)". In Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 64–67.

Further reading
Harris, Barbara. "Marriage Sixteenth-Century Style: Elizabeth Stafford and the Third Duke of Norfolk," Journal of Social History, Spring 1982, Vol. 15 Issue 3;
Head, David M. Ebbs & Flows of Fortune: The Life of Thomas Howard, Third Duke of Norfolk (1995), 360pp; the standard scholarly biography

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Thomas Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk, (born 1443—died May 21, 1524, Framlingham, Suffolk, Eng.), noble prominent during the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII of England.

Son of the 1st Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Howard early shared his father’s fortunes; he fought at Barnet for Edward IV and was made steward of the royal household and created Earl of Surrey in 1483 (at the same time that his father was created duke). Taken prisoner at Bosworth Field while fighting for Richard III, he was attainted and remained in captivity until January 1489, when he was released and restored to his earldom of Surrey but not to the dukedom of Norfolk. He was then entrusted with the maintenance of order in Yorkshire and with the defense of the Scottish borders; he was made lord treasurer and a privy councillor in 1501, and he helped to arrange the marriage between Margaret, the daughter of Henry VII, and James IV of Scotland. Henry VIII, too, employed him on public business, but the earl grew jealous of Thomas Wolsey, and for a short time he absented himself from court. He commanded the army that defeated the Scots at Flodden in September 1513, and he was created Duke of Norfolk in February of the following year, with precedency as of the creation of 1483.

In his later years Norfolk worked more harmoniously with Wolsey. He was guardian of England during Henry’s absence in France in 1520, and he acted as lord high steward at the trial of his friend Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, in 1521.

Thomas married Tilney, Elizabeth on 30 Apr 1472 in Norwich, Norfolk, England. Elizabeth (daughter of Tilney, Sir Frederick and Cheney, Elizabeth) was born in 1445 in Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England; died on 4 Apr 1497 in Thetford, Norfolk, England; was buried after 4 Apr 1497 in Thetford, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Thomas married Tilney, Lady Elizabeth Agnes on 8 Nov 1497 in England. Elizabeth (daughter of Tilney, Henry and Tailboys, Eleanor) was born in 1477 in Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England; died in May 1545 in London, London, England; was buried on 31 May 1545 in Thetford Abbey, Thetford, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GVZM-KN6
• Will: 28 Nov 1552

Notes:

His eight children with second wife Elizabeth should all have birthdates later than first child William. Many duplicates that do not show under “research help”.

Biography
Robert Bradford, son of Peter, resided in the parish of Tickhill, York, England, when he made his will. His birth has been estimated to be about 1487.

He married twice. His first wife's name is totally unknown. She was the great grandmother of "Mayflower" Gov. William Bradford. His second wife was Elizabeth. Elizabeth and Robert's son, Robert, proved his will. She may be the Elizabeth Bradforth who was buried at Tickhill 21 Oct 1556.

Robert was mentioned in the 1533 will of his uncle William Bradforde of Bentley. He was perhaps the Robert Bradforthe, supervisor of the 1541 will of John Bradforthe of Almholme, in Arksey, his brother. Robert's father, Peter, bequeathed to him in this 1542/3 will "13s 4d. [sic, ? £6.13s.4d.]" and gave to each of Robert's children, Robert, Thomas and John, a ewe lamb.

He died between the date of his will, 28 Nov 1552, and the probate date 5 Oct 1553. Robert will directed his burial in the churchyard of Tickhill. Bequests were made to his son William Bradforth and William's daughter Alice, his son (the testator) Robert Bradforth, his sons Richard, John, Peter, Thomas and Hugh, his daughter Katheryne, and to each of her four children, Lancelot, William, Robert and Ursulay, to his daughter Alice's daughter Anne. He made his wife Elizabeth and son Robert risiduary legatees and executors, and named Peter Bradforth of Bentley, his brother and John Jennynge of Arksey, probably his nephew, as supervisors.

Child by first wife:
1.) William, of Austerfield, co. York, who was grandfather of Gov. William Bradford.

Children by wife Elizabeth:
1.) Robert, testator of 1578

2.) Richard, probably dead by 12 Feb 1557/8 since he was not mentioned in the wills of other family members

3.) John living 12 Feb 1557/8 but probably dead by 19 Apr 1578 (not mentioned in brother Robert's will

4.) Peter, probably the Peter Bradforth buried at Tickhill 4 Jul 1557

5.) Thomas testator of 1605

6.) Hugh, probably dead by 12 Feb 1557/8 since he was not mentioned in the wills of other family members

7.) Katheryne, probably dead by 12 Feb 1557/8 since he was not mentioned in the wills of other family members. She probably married John Ogden and had children Lancelot, William, Robert, Ursala, and Richard.

8.) Alice living 19 Apr 1578; married and had a daughter Anne and two or three other children.

A GENEALOGY. OF THE BRADFORD FAMILY.

BY G. M. FESSENDEN,

[Member of the R. I. Historical Society, and of the N. England Historic, Genealogical Society.] [ARMS.-The Right Reverend Father in God, SAMUEL BRADFORD, Lord Bishop of Rochester, and Dean of Westminster, bears two Coats Impaled, viz.: Argent, on a Saltire Gules, an Escalop Or, being the Armes of his Episcopal See; conjoyned with his paternal Coat, viz: Argent, on a Fesse Sable, three Stag's Heads eras'd, Or."*

The Lords and Earls of the name of Bradford were of the familes of Newport and Bridgeman, and hence have no connection with our subject; their titles being derived from the earldom and lordship of Bradford.

BRADFORD (Cheshire and Devonshire) Sable a cross engrailed argent. (Yorkshire) Argent a wolf's head erased between three buglehorns sable. Crest-a peacock's head ppr, in the mouth a snake, entwined round the neck, vert.-GEN. SIR THOMAS BRADFORD, G. C. B.† same Arms and Crest as the last. Motto - Fier et sage.- (Yorkshire) Argent a chevron between three buglehorns sable.- (Another, same Co.) Argent on a fesse sable three stag's heads erased (another, couped) or.-(Wiltshire) same Arms. Crest A stag's head erased, or.- [The following are given, but as belonging to no particular county.]- Ar. on a fesse sa. three stag's (another, goats') heads erased or.- Or, on a fesse sa. three goat's heads erased of the field.- Ar. three buglehorns sa. stringed or.- Ar. a cross gu. betw. four mullets az.- Gu. a lion ramp. erm.-Ar. a wolf's head erased between three buglehorns sa. in chief an annulet of the last.

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Although Mr. Fessenden had in a clear and lucid manner, and with unwearied labor and perseverance, drawn up the Bradford Genealogy, and finished it about three years ago, yet while it has lain in the Publisher's hands, many important additions have been made to it. Some by the Publisher himself, but for a large amount of excellent material, he is indebted to WILLIAM BRADFORD, ESQ., of Duxbury, himself a lineal descendant of the Pilgrim, who has taken great pains to make the work as complete as possible. It was not always convenient to note our additions, or those of others, but the MSS. of the whole will, with the author's consent, be deposited in the archives of the N. E. H. Gen. Soc., where, if necessary, they may be referred to.

The plan adopted by Gen. Fessenden in drawing up his work, tho perfectly clear, was not accommodated to our pages, mainly for the reason that it required much more space, than the same amount of matter does in the form we give it. Moreover, the additions before mentioned could not be made to it in the author's MS.; therefore, the whole required to be rewritten.

* Guillim's Heraldry, Kent's Edition, 1726.

† Besides this title of G. C. B. (Knight of the Grand Cross of the Bath,) he had that of G. C. H., (Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order.) He was son of the late Thomas Bradford, Esq., of Woodlands, near Doncaster, and of Ashdown Park, Sussex, and brother of LIEUT. COL. SIR HENRY BRADFORD, who died in 1816, from the effects of wounds received at the battle of Waterloo.- Landed Gentry.

+ Burke's General Armory. The above is all he has upon BRADFORD.

Many of the descendants of Gov. Bradford will discover omissions in the work, after all the labor that has been bestowed upon it; we now call upon them, and all others interested, to make their complaints in writing, and in such a tangible shape, that they may serve to perfect the work when we publish the remaining portion of it; otherwise, all errors and omissions of every description will be laid at their own doors. Communications containing information may be addressed to Gen. G. M. Fessenden, Warren, R. I.]

The writer has bestowed upon this Genealogy much time and care; yet, such is the nature of the work, he can hardly expect that it is complete, or even free from error. One point however is attained, namely, that of avoiding the confusion and embarrassment usually to be met with in lengthy genealogical accounts. The arrangement of the names into distinct generations, and the use of numbers, render the descent of each individual obvious and readily traceable.*

Warren, R I., July 1848.

The name of Bradford is derived from the Saxon "Bradenford," or "Broad-ford,"† and is doubtless very ancient. Two towns of considerable size in England, are known by this name; one in Wiltshire, near Bath, the other in Yorkshire, near Leeds. The latter of these, we suppose to have been the locality from whence originated the great founder of the name in the United States.

One of the first martyrs who perished at the stake in "Bloody Queen Mary's" time, was JOHN BRADFORD, prebend of St. Paul's, and a celebrated preacher. He was born at Manchester in Lancashire, about 1510, was committed to prison Aug. 16, 1553, where he remained until his death, a period of nearly two years.

The numerous letters and other compositions, written by him during his imprisonment, are remarkable for their able and uncompromising opposition to the dogmatical requisitions of papacy, and for abounding in depth and fervency of plain personal piety, and expansive religious feeling. He was finally condemned, January 31, 1555, and burnt at Smithfield, on the first day of July following. He perished nobly, praying and exhorting the people while at the stake; his last words were, "Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way," &c.

John Bradford was the intimate friend of Rogers, Hooper, Saunders, Latimer, Cranmer, and Ridley, who about the same time with himself, sealed their opposition to papal bigotry, at the fiery stake. He was never married, but left at his death, a number of near relations.

The early, energetic, and persevering opposition to sacerdotal intolerance exhibited by Gov. Bradford of Plymouth, would seem to indicate him as a

Though, as before remarked, we have been obliged to change the plan adopted by the author, our system is exactly the same, in respect to the regular succession of generations. We endeavored, in following him, that the oldest person in each should come first, but that object is not fully attained. tho' much nearer than had been done by him., It is almost impossible to avoid this irregularity, as it is often discovered that other children belong to the same parents after a generation is considered complete - EDITOR.

Bradford, situated near the Avon. [Co. Wilts,] on the abrupt declivity of a hill, three and a half miles northwest from Salisbury, owes its name to the broad ford of the river. Dugdale.

There is also a Bradford in the Co. of York, thirty-four miles from the City of York.

EDITOR.

Names of individuals were often derived from the names of the places at which they happened to reside; and names thus acquired were transmitted to families. Hence, some individual who resided at some time, at some broad ford of some stream, river or estuary, in due time was called by the name of that locality, Broad Ford and afterwards Bradford as a more convenient word for utterance.- EDITOR.

worthy descendant of the martyr's immediate family; and that he was so, is rendered more probable from the fact, that the town of Bradford in Yorkshire, Manchester, the birth-place of the martyr, and Austerfield, where Gov. Bradford was born thirty-three years after the martyr's death, are all in the north of England, and near each other.*

Another circumstance which may be adduced in proof of the supposition, is this. One of several writers, cotemporaries of the Governor, who at his decease, commemorated the event in poetic effusions, thus writes:

"Now blessed, holy Bradford, a successor

Of blessed, holy Bradford, the confessor,
Is gone to place of rest."†

The following item of History suggests a possible reason, (in addition to the martyr's death,) why Gov. Bradford, in his numerous writings, has refrained from alluding to his own family connections. It occurred within two years of the burning of John Bradford, and is recorded in "Baker's Chronicle."

April 24, 1557, Thomas Stafford, second son of Lord Stafford, with two and thirty persons, (English fugitives, set on by the French King,) came from France with the intention of subverting the government of the detested Queen Mary. They attacked and took Scarborough Castle, in Yorkshire, but were driven out and conquered, within two days, by the Earl of Westmoreland. Stafford was beheaded on Tower Hill, May 28, 1557, and the next day, Bradford and two others of his associates were executed at Tyburn.†

A further reason for the Governor's taciturnity respecting his ancestry, may be found in the fact, that his parents died when he was quite young, and his relations, to whose guardianship he was assigned, strongly opposed his adoption of the religious views of, and connection with, the puritans.

William Bradford, Governor of Plymouth Colony, was born at Austerfield, in Yorkshire, England, in 1588. About 1608 he went to Holland and joined the pilgrims, and came to Plymouth in the Mayflower, in 1620, accompanied by his wife, whose maiden name was Dorothy May. This lady never reached Plymouth, but was accidentally drowned, on the 7th of December, 1620, during the absence of her husband on an examining tour into Massachusetts Bay, and while the Mayflower remained in Cape Cod harbor. She was the first English female who died at Plymouth, and the first whose death is recorded in New England.

Mr. Bradford was chosen Governor in 1621, and was reëlected to that office every year till 1657, except five years-1633, '34, '36, '38, '44. He was one of the most efficient persons in directing and sustaining the new settlement; or, in the words of an ancient writer, he "was the very prop and glory of Plymouth Colony, during all the whole series of changes that passed over it." Aug. 14, 1623, he married widow Alice Southworth, whose maiden name is supposed to have been Carpenter; she came over in the "Ann," and lived, highly respected by the whole community, till the 26th of March, 1670, when she deceased, aged about 80.

Gov. Bradford died on the 9th of May, 1657, "lamented by all the colo

In his last letter to his mother, dated the 24th of June, 1555, he speaks of his brother Roger, to whom and her "he sends all his writings" This letter is printed in Middleton's Evangelical Biog., vol. 1, p. 372-3, where there is a very good account of the martyr. There is also another very good life of him in Wheeler's Hist. of Manchester, but these and all the other authors who have mentioned him. (so far as our examination has extended,) give no account of his pedigree-not even giving us the name of his father.-EDITOR. ↑ Morton's Memorial, 261. [Davis' Edition.]

nies of New England, as a common father to them all." * Both are buried at Plymouth. Gov. Bradford had by his second wife three children: William, Mercy, and Joseph. His auto

graph, 1631-2, is here given.

Villian Bradford

Since the Bradford Genealogy was drawn up, some important facts have been brought to light by the labors of an eminent genealogist in London, the Rev. JOSEPH HUNTER. The result of his discoveries having reached the hands of the Editor, he gladly avails himself of the opportunity of making such extracts from it as are applicable to this work.

After having shown pretty conclusively that our BRADFORD, of the Mayflower, was born at Austerfield, and that the adjacent villages of Bawtry or Bawtrey,† and Scrooby were dwelling places of others of the Pilgrims, and that it was at the latter place that the original church of Plymouth was formed, he goes on with a most interesting discussion concerning BREWSTER, ROBINSON, and others. On returning again to Bradford, he acknowledges himself indebted to Dr. Cotton Mather "for the knowledge we possess of the early life of Bradford." And he finds that the baptismal record at Austerfield confirms Dr. Mather's statement of his age, at the time of his death, namely, 69, on the 9th May, 1657.

"Dr. Mather informs us," writes Mr. Hunter, "that Gov. Bradford was born to some estate; that his parents died when he was young, and that he was brought up by his grandfather and uncles. These statements," he continues, "receive ample support from testamentary and fiscal documents, and from the register, which has been well preserved, of the baptisms, marriages, and burials of the little chapel at Austerfield, which is a member of the parish of Blythe." From these evidences our author has drawn up a genealogical account of the Bradfords of Austerfield, by which we are able to carry back the pedigree of the Pilgrim three generations in England. This pedigree, reduced to our system, is as follows:

NOTE. To save the reader the trouble of referring elsewhere for an explanation of the plan of the following genealogy, he will observe, 1st, that the first column of Arabic figures are intended to number all the posterity contained in the genealogy. 2nd, that the small Arabic figures at the end of every name, placed like an exponent of a power in mathematics, thus, show the number of the generation of such name; for example, (1) II. Gershom, is a descendant of the 6th generation. 3d, the Roman numerals are used only to show the number and order of every family. 4th, as every individual (male) who has descendants, must occupy a new place in the series without breaking its order, the lower numbers, or those interpolated, show at what point in the first column of numbers the children of every individual are given, thus, No. 41 in the regular Arabic series has under it 104; therefore follow the series to that No., (104,) and next after it is given the family of GERSHOм Bradford. Hence, at a glance, it is seen that this individual is the 41st descendant, and of the 6th generation from the first discovered ancestor, and that he is the IId. child of his parents. If no number be interpolated, then no descendants are given, as (9) I. John*, shows John1 to have no descendants.

This system of laying down extensive genealogies has been some time before the public, and, we believe, has met with entire approbation. That it possesses obvious advantages over others hitherto employed, can scarcely admit of question.

It must be remembered that we commence the reckoning of generations with the first progenitor of the name we find in England. Thus Gov. BRADFORD of Plymouth is of the third generation, and not of the first, as it has been usual to make *Mather's Magnalia. EDITOR.

†Bawtrey, a small Hospital: valued at the Dissolution, at £6. 68. 8d. per Ann. - Magna Brit. vi. 663. (Speed, out of Leland.)

Austerfield, as well as Bawtrey was, in the days of Bradford, a royal manor, having been acquired by the crown, by forfeitures or marriages, from the illustrious and well known heir of Nevil and Dispenser. The Bradfords were farmers of the demesne.

the original emigrant, in other pedigrees. Therefore, to know the generation in this country, we have only to subtract two from any descendant of the Governor.

(1) 1. William Bradford lived at Austerfield, in or about 1575, at

which time he and one John Hanson were the only subsidiaries there; Bradford being taxed on twenty shillings land, and Hanson on twenty shillings goods, annual value. The time of his death appears only from a record of his burial, noted as happening on the 10 January, 1595–6. His children were,

(2) 1. William2, m. Alice, dau. of John Hanson, before named, very probably. He was buried on the 15 July, 1591. This William was father of our GOVERNOR BRADFORD, and by his early decease the Plymouth father was left an orphan at the tender age of about two years. (3) II. Thomas, of whom no records appear, saving that he had a dau. Margaret, bapt. 9 March, 1578.

(4) III. Robert, bapt. 25 June, 1561, m. Alice Waingate, 31 January, 1685.

He was the only Bradford subsidiary at Austerfield in 1598; while at the same time and place there were three others, whose names were John Maudson, Robert Martley and Robert Bridges. The will of Robert Bradford was dated 15 April, 1609, and he was buried on the 23 of the same month. Hence this uncle of Gov. BRADFORD died about the third week in April, 1609.

The will of Robert Bradford, remarks Mr. Hunter, "is the best document which we possess from which to form an idea of the status of the Bradfords at Austerfield, at the time when one of them took the important step which has made him and his family just objects of historical curiosity. He describes himself Robert Bradfurth of Austerfield, yeoman,' and we may observe that Bradfurth, or Bradfourth, is the more usual orthography of the name in the church register; so uncertain and variable was the orthography of all proper names at that period; also that, 'yeoman' implies a condition of life a little better than that which would now be indicated by the word. The yeomanry of England in the reign of Elizabeth formed the class next to the acknowledged gentry, the men who used coat-armour of right. They were people who lived, for the most part, on lands of their own."

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Having thus digressed from the will to bring in an important elucidation of his subject, our author returns to it, and goes into its provisions with much minuteness. We must, however, confine ourself to the facts, in a condensed form. To a servant girl, Grace Wade, the free use of a dwelling house; "he names another servant, and his brother and sister Hill." To Thomas Silvester, clerk, a small legacy. To son Robert his best ironbound wain, [probably a cart with two wheels,]"the cupboard in the house," [parlor of those days,] one long table, with a frame and one long form, with his best yoke of oxen; also the counter wherein the evidences are." Also a corselet with its furniture. The residue of his estate to be equally divided among his four children, Robert, Mary, Elizabeth, and Margaret; these were his executors. Being then all under age, he orders them to be under the direction or tuition of three of his friends or neighbors:Robert and Margaret to be under the care of his "good neighbor," Mr. Richardson* of Bawtry; Elizabeth to William Downes † of Scrooby;

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*Next to the Mortons Mr. Richardson was the principal inhabitant at Bawtry, and was afterwards allied to them; both he and Robert Morton, the head of the family, marrying in the family of Lindley of Skegby, one of the visitation families of Nottinghamshire. He had a son, Mr. Lindley Richardson.-Hunter, 48.

† Of this person Mr. Hunter says he knows nothing, saving" that he was a subsidyman at Scrooby."

Mary to Mr. Silvester* of Alkley. Son Robert to have the reversion of two leases; one, of all the king's lands he has in Austerfield, the other of the closes which he has of Mr. Morton in Martin lordship.

"One thing is clear," observes my Pilgrim guide, "that the Bradfords of Austerfield, during the eighteen years that he who was afterwards the Governor of New Plymouth was living with them, associated with the best of the very slender population by whom they were surrounded.” But, "in the next generation they declined. Before 1628, Robert Bradford, cousingerman to the Governor, had sold his lands at Austerfield to Mr. William Vescy, a gentleman of Brampton. In 1630 one Robert Wright, a draper of Doncaster, leaves to him his gray suit of Apparel, and to Richard Bradford his son, one fustian doublet, and one pair of hose: bequests," he continues," which sufficiently indicate the obscurity and poverty into which they had fallen." This may not be a strictly just conclusion, allowing a judgment to be formed from the numerous similar bequests, though not quite contemporaneous, on our side of the Atlantic.

(5) IV. Elizabeth2, bapt. 16 July, 1570, m. James Hill, 20 Jan. 1595. (6?) William Bradford', (2) who m. Alice Hanson, had

(6) I. Margaret3 b. 8 March, 1585, died young.

(7) II. Alice3 b. 30 Oct., 1587.

(8) III. WILLIAM3, The Pilgrim, bapt. March, 1589. We have now arrived at the point connecting the American Bradfords with those of England; hence, according to our present purpose we are to leave the consideration of the latter, and proceed with the former.

It is not within the present design to give a biography of the eminent founder of the race in America that has been ably done † and often published and distributed to the world. A remark or two from our Pilgrim Guide will be all we shall at this time encumber our memoir with. He observes, "While William was working his way to the consequence which he ultimately attained, his cousin-german, Robert, remained at Austerfield, where he married and had issue.

"William Bradford alone gives consequence to the Bradfords of Austerfield. He inherited a portion of the lands of the family; for Dr. Mather informs us that he sold his lands when he was of full age, and was living in Holland. As to the moral and religious state of the village in which he was born, it is a very unfavorable report indeed which Dr. Mather gives. He describes it as a very ignorant, profane place, not a Bible to be seen there, and with a minister at the chapel inattentive and careless. I can neither confirm nor refute this representation, which is made, it may be observed, by one whose standard of religious duty was high. But the will of which we have had an abstract, is not without traces both of piety and charity. The clergyman alluded to must have been Henry Fletcher, who was minister of Austerfield in 1591, where he married Elizabeth Elvick." But from anything that we can discover, in what is contained in our author's extracts from the will of Robert Bradford, or in his own observations, we can see no reason to dissent from a belief in Dr. Mather's denun

*The residence of "Mr. Silvester," Alkley, "lies eastward from Austerfield at no great distance, the parson of which it appears Mr. Silvester was. His will was made in 1615, from that Mr. Hunter infers him to have been a man of "a fair estate," possessing a library of English and Latin books, when, in country places, " books were exceedingly few." Hence another pleasing inference is drawn by Mr. Hunter, namely, that "this collection of books, in the hands of a friend of the family living near them, may have been a treasure of information to the Governor in his youth." ib.

↑ The best account of him is doubtless that by Dr. Belknap, in his American Biography.

ciations of the state of society at and about Austerfield in those days; especially when we consider that a similar description of morals would answer very well in almost every parish in England.* We add here a copy of Gov. Bradford's autograph in 1645-6.

William Bradford Goue?

We now pass to the commencement of the Genealogy, as furnished by GEN. FESSENDEN, whose name stands at the head of our artiticle. Before proceeding, however, it may be pleasing to glance at an impression of the SEAL used by Gov. BRADFORD in 1631-2. It was in wax, upon the important letter we published in the Gen. Reg. (Vol. II., p. 240, &c.) Although there

so much defaced as to be be made out with some difficulty, we have no doubt that it was originally intended to represent a double eagle. Our copy has the rare blemish of being too well executed.

WILLIAM BRADFORD,3 (8) as before mentioned, married, 1st. Dorothy May, of whose parentage, nothing to our knowledge, has been discovered. He m. 2dly. Alice, widow of Constant Southworth,† 14 August, 1623, believed to have been a dau. of "Mr Carpenter." She d. 26 March 1670. The children by both marriages were,

(9) I. John1, the only child by the first marriage probably, and born before the emigration, was of Duxbury in 1645, and in 1652 he was a deputy to the General Court, and a Lieutenant. The next year he is noted as of Marshfield, which he also represented in 1653. He m. Martha, dau. of Thomas and Martha Bourne of the latter place, and in 1653 removed to Norwich, Ct. where he died sine prole, 1678.

His Autograph,

John Bradford

(1) II. William1 b. 17 June, 1624, m. 1st. Alice, dau. of Thomas Richards of Weymouth, who d. 12 Dec. 1671, æ. 44; 2d. a widow Wiswall; 3d. Mrs. Mary, widow of Rev. John Holmes, second minister of Duxbury, who d. 6 Jan., 1714-15. She was dau. of John Wood, alias Atwood of Plymouth. For an interesting biography of the second WILLIAM BRADFORD, of Plymouth, there are abundant materials, both in manuscript and print. The reader will find a very satisfactory account of him in Davis' edition of Morton's Memorial. He was, next to MYLES STANDISH, a chief military man of the Colony. In Philip's War he was commander in chief of the Plymouth forces, and often exposed himself to all its perils. At the Narraganset Fort Fight he received a musket ball in his flesh, which he carried the remainder of his life. In that desperate mid-winter encounter where both parties fought for their very existence, nearly a thousand Indians fell a sacrifice, and about one hundred and fifty of the English were killed or wounded.

In the war with the Indians, he held the rank of Major, and was Assistant Treasurer and Deputy Governor of Plymouth, from 1682 to 1686, and from 1689 to 1691, and in the latter year he was one of the Council

*A multitude of authorities might be brought to support this statement, but for the present take but one only, Bunyan's Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, because accessible to everybody.

+ A neat pedigree of the Southworths is given by Mr Winsor, in his Hist. of Duxbury.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Bridgewater
• FSID: 9SLR-JRR

Catherine married ap Gruffydd, Sir Rhys in 1524 in North Crawley, Buckinghamshire, England. Rhys (son of ap Rhys, Gruffydd and St John, Catherine) was born in 1508 in Wales; died in Dec 1531 in Tower Hill, London, London, England; was buried on 4 Jan 1532 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LK89-BYN

Notes:

FIRST WIFE AND MOTHER OF FIRST THREE CHILDREN IS NOT KNOWN.

In 1575, William and a Mr. John Hanson were the only subsidiaries in Austerfield, Yorkshire County, England. This is evidenced by their being the only two entries on the tax rolls cited below in the Genealogies of Mayflower Families, page 327.

Family/Spouse: Fox, Margaret. Margaret (daughter of Fox, William and Fox, N.N.) was born in 1538 in Austerfield, Yorkshire, England; died on 10 Jan 1585 in Austerfield, Yorkshire, England; was buried after 10 Jan 1593 in Austerfield, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]