Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9CCY-LJQ

Family/Spouse: von Landen, Karlmann. Karlmann was born on 13 Aug 550 in Kingdom of Austrasia; died on 21 Feb 613 in Kingdom of Austrasia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Pippinids
• FSID: LZPS-59C
• Occupation: Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia for Clotaire II and Dagobert, 1st Duke of Brabant, Maire du Palais d'Austrasie (626-629), , Major Domus for Clothar II, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia
• Life Event: Between 615 and 629, Kingdom of Austrasia; Mayor Of The Palace of Austrasia

Notes:

Division of the kingdom
Internally, the kingdom was divided among Clovis's sons and later among his grandsons and frequently saw war between the different kings, who quickly allied among themselves and against one another. The death of one king created conflict between the surviving brothers and the deceased's sons, with differing outcomes. Later, conflicts were intensified by the personal feud around Brunhilda. However, yearly warfare often did not constitute general devastation but took on an almost ritual character, with established 'rules' and norms.[8]

Reunification of the kingdom
Eventually, Clotaire II in 613 reunited the entire Frankish realm under one ruler. Later divisions produced the stable units of Austrasia, Neustria, Burgundy and Aquitania.

The frequent wars had weakened royal power, while the aristocracy had made great gains and procured enormous concessions from the kings in return for their support. These concessions saw the very considerable power of the king parcelled out and retained by leading comites and duces (counts and dukes). Very little is in fact known about the course of the 7th century due to a scarcity of sources, but Merovingians remained in power until the 8th century.

Weakening of the kingdom
Clotaire's son Dagobert I (died 639), who sent troops to Spain and pagan Slavic territories in the east, is commonly seen as the last powerful Merovingian King. Later kings are known as rois fainéants[1] ("do-nothing kings"), despite the fact that only the last two kings did nothing. The kings, even strong-willed men like Dagobert II and Chilperic II, were not the main agents of political conflicts, leaving this role to their mayors of the palace, who increasingly substituted their own interest for their king's.[9] Many kings came to the throne at a young age and died in the prime of life, weakening royal power further.

Return to power[edit]
The conflict between mayors was ended when the Austrasians under Pepin the Middle triumphed in 687 in the Battle of Tertry. After this, Pepin, though not a king, was the political ruler of the Frankish kingdom and left this position as a heritage to his sons. It was now the sons of the mayor that divided the realm among each other under the rule of a single king.

Family/Spouse: de Nivelles, Saint Iduberga. Iduberga was born in 592 in Kingdom of Austrasia; died on 8 May 652 in Kloster Nivelles, Nivelles, Brabant Wallon, Belgium; was buried after 8 May 652 in Nivelles, Brabant Wallon, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LDSS-HQZ
• Religion: Roman Catholic

Notes:

After the demise of Grimoald in 662, the property passed to Ansegisel and Begga, the parents of Pippin II.

Begga founded seven churches in Andenne after Ansegisel's death

Begga married of Austrasia, Ansegisel in 634 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France. Ansegisel (son of of Metz, Saint Arnulf and of Metz, Doda) was born in 610 in Kingdom of Austrasia; died in 670 in Chaudfontaine, Liege, Belgium; was buried in 670. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Mayor of Austrasia
• House: House of Pippinids
• FSID: LDSS-4ZY

Notes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_of_Herstal also https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/131325529/pepin_ii-of_herstal
https://gw.geneanet.org/zanel?lang=fr&p=pepin+ii&n=de+herstal

Pippin married von Herstal, Chalpaida in 677 in Kingdom of the Franks. Chalpaida was born in 650 in Prüm, Bitburg-Prum, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany; died on 16 Dec 714 in Kingdom of the Franks; was buried after 16 Dec 714 in Orp-le-Grand Monastery, Orp-Jauche, Arrondissement de Nivelles, Wlloon Brabant, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Pippin married von Köln, Plectrude in 670. Plectrude was born in 655 in Kingdom of Austrasia; died on 10 Aug 725 in Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; was buried after 10 Aug 725 in Saint Maria, Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Pippinid
• FSID: 99KR-KTJ
• Religion: Roman Catholic
• Life Event: Between 714 and 741, Kingdom of Austrasia; Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia & Neustria; mayor; Hausmeier; Austrasien; 714; 715, 717
• Life Event: 717; Duke and Prince of the Franks, fränkischer Hausmeier, Herzog der Franken, Kuningas, Duc des Austrasiens, Frankish King, Mayor of the Palace
• Appointments / Titles: Between 718 and 741, Kingdom of Neustria (Historical); mayor of the Palace of Neustria
• Military: 10 Oct 732, Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France; Led the Franks, Saxons, to victory over 500,000 Moors from Hispania (Spain) on 10-10-732

Notes:

Charles, more commonly known as Charles Martel, was a formidable warrior and statesmen who thoroughly deserved his nickname of “the hammer.”
Charles was the son of Frankish statesman Pepin of Herstal and his 2nd wife noblewoman Alpaida, he was born about 688. He had a brother named Childebrand, who later became the Frankish dux (Duke) of Burgundy.
In older historiography, it was common to describe Charles as "illegitimate". But the dividing line between wives and concubines was not clear-cut in eighth-century Francia, and it is likely that the accusation of "illegitimacy" derives from the desire of Pepin's first wife Plectrude to see her progeny as heirs to Pepin's power.

Charles Martel, as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death, 22 October 741 in Quierzy, France.

Charles Martel married twice, his first wife being Rotrude of Treves. They had the following children:
-Hiltrud,
-Carloman,
-Landrade, also rendered Landres
-Auda, also called Aldana or Alane
-Pepin the Short, also called Pippin

Charles married a second time, to Swanhild, and they had one child:
-Grifo

Charles Martel also had a known mistress, Ruodhaid, with whom he had children:
-Bernard
-Hieronymus
-Remigius. Archbishop of Rouen.

Through his son Pepin the Short, Charles Martel was the grandfather of Charles the Great, otherwise known as Charlemagne. Charlemagne was originally named Charles after his grandfather.

Charles married de Trèves, Princess Chrotrude in 721 in Quierzy, Aisne, Picardie, France. Chrotrude was born on 23 Aug 688 in Trier, Trier, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany; was christened in 695 in Kingdom of Austrasia; died on 22 Oct 724 in Quierzy, Aisne, Picardie, France; was buried after 22 Oct 724 in Abbey of Saint-Arnould, Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Count of Chaumontois
• FSID: G4B1-48V
• Appointments / Titles: Between 690 and 708, Champagne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France; Duke of Champagne

Notes:

Drogo (c.675 – 708) was a Frankish nobleman, the eldest son of Pippin of Heristal and Plectrude. He was the duke of Champagne from the early 690s.

Drogo was born shortly after his parents' marriage, which probably took place in 675 or just after. In the early 680s, Pippin arranged the marriage of Drogo with Anstrudis (or Adaltrudis), the daughter of Waratto, the mayor of the palace in Neustria, and his wife Ansfledis. The marriage took place toward the end of the decade or in the early 690s. Drogo and Anstrudis had four sons: Arnulf, who succeeded him as duke of Champagne; Hugh, who entered the church and rose to become an archbishop; Gotfrid; and Pippin.

The marriage of Drogo and Anstrudis increased his father Pippin's influence in Neustria. Waratto's family properties were located mainly in the vicinity of Rouen. Drogo, however, was made duke in Champagne, a frontier region between Neustria and Austrasia. His power in Champagne was enhanced through his control of the monastery of Montier-en-Der and possibly the monastery of Hautvillers.

The Liber Historiae Francorum, a history of the Franks written in Neustria in 727, portrays the Austrasian Drogo as sympathetic to the Neustrians because of his marital connections. He did, however, fall foul of the abbey of Saint-Denis, which sued him in the king's court in a property dispute. King Childebert III ruled in Saint-Denis's favour. Drogo also lost a lawsuit over the villa of Noisy-sur-Oise with the monastery of Tussonval in 697.

Drogo predeceased his father, dying in 707, according to the Gesta abbatum Fontanellensium, or in 708, according to most of the annals. He was buried in the church of Saint Arnulf at Metz, to which his four sons made a grant of land in his honour in June 715. The Annales Mettenses record that Grimoald succeeded Drogo in all his offices, but in fact his son Arnulf succeeded him as duke. The death of Drogo was perceived by later generations as a pivotal event in the history of the Carolingian dynasty. Several of the imperial annals written in the late eighth century begin their year-by-year accounts with 708. These include the Annales Alamannici, Annales Nazariani and Annales Laureshamenses.

geni.com
Drogo (Dreux) Каролинг (Шампанский), duc de Champagne et Bourgogne
English (default): Drogo (Dreux), duc de Champagne et Bourgogne, Russian: Дрого Каролинг (Шампанский), duc de Champagne et Bourgogne
Birthdate: 670
Birthplace: Heristal, Leige Province, Belgium
Death: March 24, 708 (37-38)
Aisne, Picardie, France
Place of Burial: Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France
Immediate Family:
Son of Pépin ll "the Fat" d'Héristal, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia and Plectrude

Husband of Adaltrudis

Father of
Arnoul ll de Champagne, comte de Chaumontois;
Hugh de Champagne-Fontenelle, Fontenelle;
Grimoald and
Pepin de Champagne, de Herstal

Brother of Grimoald II the Younger
Half brother of Charles Martel and Sylvius Heristal, Bishop
Occupation: Duc de Champagne et de Bourgogne, Mayor of the Palace of Burgundy, hertog Bourgondie/Champagne

Drogo married de Neustrie, AdaltrudeLa Champagne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France. Adaltrude (daughter of Waratto and Berthar, Ansflede) was born in 667 in Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; died in UNKNOWN in Aquitaine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LHKK-QWT

Notes:

Auda of France
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Auda, Aida, Alda, Aldana or Adalne (722 – before 755?) was a daughter of Charles Martel and probably Rotrude, and was the mother of Saint William of Gellone.

Marriage and children
She was married to Thierry IV, count of Autun in 742 and in 750, son of Theodoric, count, and descendant of Bertrada of Prüm. From this marriage were born:

Theodoen (d. bef. 826), count of Autun, mentioned in 804
Thierry, mentioned in 782 and in 804.
Adalhelm
William, count of Toulouse and founder of the Abbey of Gellone.
Abba and Berta, mentioned as nuns in 804. One of them was probably married to a Nibelungid, Childebrand II or Nibelung II.

Aude married d'Autun, Thierry I in 742. Thierry was born in UNKNOWN; died on 14 Dec 804. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: The Short
• FSID: 9MWY-PTR
• Residence: Basilica of St Denis, Paris, Île-de-France, France
• Appointments / Titles: Between 741 and 751, Kingdom of Neustria (Historical); On the death of Charles Martel in 741, Pepin succeeding his father as the Mayor of the Palace of Neustria while his older brother Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 751 and 24 Sep 768, Soissons, Aisne, Picardie, France; Elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish nobles in 751, Pepin was anointed King of the Franks by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainzin, in Soissons.
• Religion: 752, Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France; Appointed Archbishop of Metz
• Appointments / Titles: 754, Basilica of St Denis, Paris, Île-de-France, France; In 754 Pepin was anointed King a second time by Pope Stephen II in Paris at the Basilica of St Denis. In the lavish ceremony the Pope also bestowed upon him the additional title of Patrician of the Romans. This is the first recorded crowning of a civil ruler by a Pope.

Notes:

Pepin the Short
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pepin the Short
King of the Franks
Reign 751 – 24 September 768
Predecessor Childeric III
Successor Charlemagne and Carloman I
Mayor of the Palace of Neustria
Reign 741–751
Predecessor Charles Martel
Successor Merged into crown
Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia
Reign 747–751
Predecessor Carloman
Successor Merged into crown
Born 714
Died 24 September 768 (aged 54)
Saint-Denis
Burial Basilica of St Denis
Spouse Bertrada of Laon
Issue Charlemagne
Carloman I
Gisela
Dynasty Carolingian
Father Charles Martel
Mother Rotrude of Hesbaye
Religion Roman Catholicism
Signature Pepin the Short's signature
Pepin the Short[a] (German: Pippin der Jüngere, French: Pépin le Bref, c. 714 – 24 September 768) was the King of the Franks from 751 until his death in 768. He was the first of the Carolingians to become king.[b][2]

The younger son of the Frankish prince Charles Martel and his wife Rotrude, Pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of St. Denis. Succeeding his father as the Mayor of the Palace in 741, Pepin reigned over Francia jointly with his elder brother Carloman. Pepin ruled in Neustria, Burgundy and Provence, while his older brother Carloman established himself in Austrasia, Alemannia and Thuringia. The brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the Bavarians, Aquitanians, Saxons and the Alemanni in the early years of their reign. In 743, they ended the Frankish interregnum by choosing Childeric III, who was to be the last Merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the Franks.

Being well disposed towards the church and papacy on account of their ecclesiastical upbringing, Pepin and Carloman continued their father's work in supporting Saint Boniface in reforming the Frankish church, and evangelising the Saxons. After Carloman, who was an intensely pious man, retired to religious life in 747, Pepin became the sole ruler of the Franks. He suppressed a revolt led by his half-brother Grifo, and succeeded in becoming the undisputed master of all Francia. Giving up pretense, Pepin then forced Childeric into a monastery and had himself proclaimed king of the Franks with support of Pope Zachary in 751. The decision was not supported by all members of the Carolingian family and Pepin had to put down a revolt led by Carloman's son, Drogo, and again by Grifo.

As king, Pepin embarked on an ambitious program to expand his power. He reformed the legislation of the Franks and continued the ecclesiastical reforms of Boniface. Pepin also intervened in favour of the papacy of Stephen II against the Lombards in Italy. He was able to secure several cities, which he then gave to the Pope as part of the Donation of Pepin. This formed the legal basis for the Papal States in the Middle Ages. The Byzantines, keen to make good relations with the growing power of the Frankish empire, gave Pepin the title of Patricius. In wars of expansion, Pepin conquered Septimania from the Islamic Umayyads, and subjugated the southern realms by repeatedly defeating Waiofar and his Gascon troops, after which the Gascon and Aquitanian lords saw no option but to pledge loyalty to the Franks. Pepin was, however, troubled by the relentless revolts of the Saxons and the Bavarians. He campaigned tirelessly in Germany, but the final subjugation of these tribes was left to his successors.

Pepin died in 768 and was succeeded by his sons Charlemagne and Carloman. Although unquestionably one of the most powerful and successful rulers of his time, Pepin's reign is largely overshadowed by that of his more famous son, Charlemagne.

Contents
1 Assumption of power
2 First Carolingian King
3 Expansion of the Frankish realm
4 Legacy
5 Family
6 Notes
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Assumption of power
Pepin's father Charles Martel died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Grifo, Charles's son by his second wife, Swanahild (also known as Swanhilde), demanded a share in the inheritance, but he was besieged in Laon, forced to surrender and imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers.

In the Frankish realm the unity of the kingdom was essentially connected with the person of the king. So Carloman, to secure this unity, raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). Then in 747 Carloman either resolved to or was pressured into entering a monastery. This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum.

At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Pepin put down the renewed revolt led by his half-brother and succeeded in completely restoring the boundaries of the kingdom.

Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel, the dux et princeps Francorum was the commander of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to his administrative duties as mayor of the palace.[3]

Coronation in 751 of Pepin the Short by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz
First Carolingian King
As mayor of the palace, Pepin was formally subject to the decisions of Childeric III who had only the title of King but no power. Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of a king, he now addressed to Pope Zachary a suggestive question:

In regard to the kings of the Franks who no longer possess the royal power: is this state of things proper?
Hard pressed by the Lombards, Pope Zachary welcomed this move by the Franks to end an intolerable condition and lay the constitutional foundations for the exercise of the royal power. The Pope replied that such a state of things is not proper. In these circumstances, the de facto power was considered more important than the de jure authority.

After this decision the throne was declared vacant. Childeric III was deposed and confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.

Pepin was then elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish nobles, with a large portion of his army on hand. The earliest account of his election and anointing is the Clausula de Pippino written around 767. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in 753.

Pepin was assisted by his friend Vergilius of Salzburg, an Irish monk who probably used a copy of the "Collectio canonum Hibernensis" (an Irish collection of canon law) to advise him to receive royal unction to assist his recognition as king.[4] Anointed a first time in 751 in Soissons, Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him a second time in a lavish ceremony at the Basilica of St Denis in 754, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans) and is the first recorded crowning of a civil ruler by a Pope.[5] As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne), who was 12, and Carloman, who was 3.

Expansion of the Frankish realm

Muslim troops leaving Narbonne in 759, after 40 years of occupation

Pepin's expedition to Septimania and Aquitaine (760)
Pepin's first major act as king was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had expanded into the ducatus Romanus. After a meeting with Pope Stephen II at Ponthion, Pepin forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church.[6] He confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin, whereby the Papal States were established and the temporal reign of the papacy officially began.[6] At about 752, he turned his attention to Septimania. The new king headed south in a military expedition down the Rhone valley and received the submission of eastern Septimania (i.e. Nîmes, Maguelone, Beziers and Agde) after securing count Ansemund's allegiance. The Frankish king went on to invest Narbonne, the main Umayyad stronghold in Septimania, but could not capture it from the Iberian Muslims until seven years later in 759,[7] when they were driven out to Hispania.

Aquitaine still remained under Waiofar's Gascon-Aquitanian rule, however, and beyond Frankish reach. Duke Waiofar appears to have confiscated Church lands, maybe distributing them among his troops. In 760, after conquering the Roussillon from the Muslims and denouncing Waiofar's actions, Pepin moved his troops over to Toulouse and Albi, ravaged with fire and sword most of Aquitaine, and, in retaliation, counts loyal to Waiofar ravaged Burgundy.[8] Pepin, in turn, besieged the Aquitanian-held towns and strongholds of Bourbon, Clermont, Chantelle, Bourges and Thouars, defended by Waiofar's Gascon troops, who were overcome, captured and deported into northern France with their children and wives.[9]

In 763, Pepin advanced further into the heart of Waiofar's domains and captured major strongholds (Poitiers, Limoges, Angoulême, etc.), after which Waiofar counterattacked and war became bitter. Pepin opted to spread terror, burning villas, destroying vineyards and depopulating monasteries. By 765, the brutal tactics seemed to pay off for the Franks, who destroyed resistance in central Aquitaine and devastated the whole region. The city of Toulouse was conquered by Pepin in 767 as was Waiofar's capital of Bordeaux.[10]

As a result, Aquitanian nobles and Gascons from beyond the Garonne too saw no option but to accept a pro-Frankish peace treaty (Fronsac, c. 768). Waiofar escaped but was assassinated by his own frustrated followers in 768.

Legacy

Allegoric depiction of Pepin
Pepin died during a campaign, in 768 at the age of 54. He was interred in the Basilica of Saint Denis in modern-day Metropolitan Paris. His wife Bertrada was also interred there in 783. Charlemagne rebuilt the Basilica in honor of his parents and placed markers at the entrance.

The Frankish realm was divided according to the Salic law between his two sons: Charlemagne and Carloman I.

Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only contained the Iberian Muslims as his father had, but drove them out of what is now France and, as important, he managed to subdue the Aquitanians and the Gascons after three generations of on-off clashes, so opening the gate to central and southern Gaul and Muslim Iberia. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the institutional infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe.

His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Kingdom of France. He made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. Known as a great conqueror, he was undefeated during his lifetime.

Family
Pepin married Leutberga from the Danube region. They had five children. She was repudiated some time after the birth of Charlemagne and her children were sent to convents.

In 741, Pepin married Bertrada, daughter of Caribert of Laon. They are known to have had eight children, at least three of whom survived to adulthood:

Charles (2 April 742 – 28 January 814), (Charlemagne)
Carloman (751 – 4 December 771)
Gisela (757–810)
Pepin, died in infancy.
Chrothais, died young, buried in Metz.
Adelais, died young, buried in Metz.

Family/Spouse: de Laon, Queen Bertrada II. Bertrada was born on 1 Apr 720 in Laon, Aisne, Picardie, France; was christened on 2 Apr 720 in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France; died on 12 Jul 783 in Choisy, Oise, Picardie, France; was buried on 16 Jul 783 in Basilica of St Denis, Paris, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LHKK-QWT

Notes:

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKSMaiordomi.htm#AldaMTheodericAutun

Family/Spouse: von Autun, Theoderic I. Theoderic was born in 715 in Autun, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France; died in 793. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GW44-BD4

Notes:

Gotfrid of Champagne was the son of Drogo of Champagne and his wife Anstrude of Neustria and Burgundy. He was born in Champagne about 700. He was the younger brother of Arnulf, Duke of Champagne and Hugh Archbishop of Rouen, and older brother of Pippin. He was also the grandson of Pepin of Herstal.

In 723 it is recorded that at the command of Gotfrid's paternal uncle Charles Martel "two sons of Drogo were bound, Arnold [Arnulf] and another who died", either Gotfrid or Pippin. (Recorded in the Annales Nazariani, the Annales Petaviani, Annales Laureshamenses and Annales Alamannici.) As most records give Gotfrid's year of death as 735, it appears that it was Pippin and not Gotfrid who died at the hands of their uncle.

Family/Spouse: de Bourges, Pomponia. Pomponia (daughter of de Bourges, Optatus Aridius I and de Cahors, N.N.) was born in 700 in Europe; died in DECEASED. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9M9K-2FB

Notes:

Adalhelm of Autun
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Adalhelm of Autun was a Frankish nobleman of the 8th and 9th centuries from the Wilhelmid family, son of Thierry IV and the Carolingian Alda.

He was called as a witness in the charters of the foundation of the abbey of Gellone by his brother William, 15 December 804. Two other brothers signed these charters: Theodoen and a Thierry who is not mentioned in any charters.

That is the only ascertainable information about Adalhelm himself. On the basis of onomastics, two children have been assigned to him:

Waldrada, wife of Adrian, Count of Orléans, count palatine of the Agilolfing family, brother of Hildegard, wife of Charlemagne.
Bernard I , count of Poitiers in 815 and in 825.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Carolingians
• FSID: LZ62-TSV
• Appointments / Titles: Between 768 and 814; King of the Franks
• Military: 1 Jul 772; The Saxons resisted and the war lasted about 30 years conquered pagan Saxony
• Appointments / Titles: 774; King of the Lombards
• Military: Oct 782, Verdun, Meuse, Lorraine, France; the campaign against the Saxons to his east lead to the Massacre of Verden
• Appointments / Titles: Between 800 and 814; Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

Notes:

Charlemagne, also Charles I, Charles the Great, Carolus Magus, Charles le Grand and Karl de Grosse
Originally he was named Charles, after his Frankish grandfather Charles Martel, it was not until much later that historians began calling him Charles the Great or Charles le Magne which evolved into Charlemagne.
Charlemagne was the oldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage, on 2 April 742, most likely at Aachen. Charlemagne was technically an illegitimate child, since he was born out of wedlock; Pepin and Bertrada were bound by a private contract or Friedelehe at the time of his birth, but did not marry until 744.
He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom. He continued his father's policy towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain.

Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of the Romans from 800. During the Early Middle Ages, he united the majority of western and central Europe. He was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later canonized by Antipope Paschal III.

In his role as a zealous defender of Christianity, Charlemagne gave money and land to the Christian church and protected the popes. As a way to acknowledge Charlemagne’s power and reinforce his relationship with the church, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans on December 25, 800, at St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.

As emperor, Charlemagne proved to be a talented diplomat and able administrator of the vast area he controlled. He promoted education and encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of renewed emphasis on scholarship and culture. He instituted economic and religious reforms, and was a driving force behind the Carolingian miniscule, a standardized form of writing that later became a basis for modern European printed alphabets. Charlemagne ruled from a number of cities and palaces, but spent significant time in Aachen. His palace there included a school, for which he recruited the best teachers in the land.

In addition to learning, Charlemagne was interested in athletic pursuits. Known to be highly energetic, he enjoyed hunting, horseback riding and swimming. Aachen held particular appeal for him due to its therapeutic warm springs.

Charlemagne had eighteen children with eight of his ten known wives or concubines. Nonetheless, he had only four legitimate grandsons, the four sons of his fourth son, Louis. In addition, he had a grandson (Bernard of Italy, the only son of his third son, Pepin of Italy), who was illegitimate but included in the line of inheritance. Among his descendants are several royal dynasties, including the Habsburg, Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties. By consequence, most if not all established European noble families ever since can genealogically trace some of their background to Charlemagne.

In 813, Charlemagne called Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine, his only surviving legitimate son, to his court. There Charlemagne crowned his son as co-emperor and sent him back to Aquitaine. He then spent the autumn hunting before returning to Aachen on 1 November. In January, he fell ill with pleurisy and on 28 January 814 Charlemagne died, in the seventy-second year of his age and the forty-seventh of his reign.He was buried that same day, in Aachen Cathedral.
--------------------------------------------------------
I have included the 'Royal Ancestry" information below in cooperation with other members here, but would like to point out it is not the ONLY or even the best source of information on Charlemagne. Most of the information found in it originally came from "Vita Karoli Magni" written by Eginhard, who was Charlemagne's own court biographer and actually knew, and lived among, Charlemagne's family.
---------------------------------------------------------
“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“CHARLEMAGNE, King of the Franks, 768-814, King of the Langobards, 773-814, Emperor of the Romans, 800-814, son of Pépin (nicknamed "le Bref”), King of the Franks, by Bertrade, daughter of Charibert, Count of Laon. On the death of his father in 768, he became King of the Franks jointly with his brother, Carloman, and was crowned 9 October 768 at Noyon. He married (1st c.769-770, daughter of Desiderius, king of the Lombards. They had no issue. He married (2nd) before 30 April 771 HILDEGARDE, daughter of Gerold I, Count in Vinzgau, by Imma (or Emma), daughter of Count Nebi (or Hnabi). They had four sons, Charles, Pépin [King of Italy], Louis (I) [King of Aquitaine, Emperor], and Lothair, and five daughters, Adelaide (or Adelheid), Rotrude, Berthe, Gisele, and Hildegarde. On the death of his brother, Carloman, in 771, he reunited his father's possessions. He conquered the kingdom of the Lombards in 773. He used the title "rex Francorum et Langobardorum" from 5 June 774, adding "atque patricius Romanorum" from 16 July 774. His wife, Hildegarde, died at Thionville (Moselle) 30 April 783, and was buried in the church of the abbey of Saint Arnoul at Metz. He married (3rd) at Worms in October 783 FASTRADA, daughter of Radulf, Count in Franconia. They had two daughters, Theodrade [Abbess of Argenteuil] and Hiltrude. His wife, Fastrada, died at Frankfurt 10 August 794, and was buried in the basilica of Saint-Alban in Mainz. He married (4th) c.794-796 LIUTGARDE, an Alamannian. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had four illegitimate sons, Pépin, Dreux [Bishop of Metz], Hugues, and Thierry (or Theodoric), and three illegitimate daughters, Chrothais, Rothlldis (or Rouhaut) [Abbess at Faremoutiers], and Adaltrude. His wife, Liutgarde, died at Tours 4 June 800, and was buried in the church of Saint-Martin in Tours. He was crowned Emperor of the Romans at St. Peter's, Rome 25 December 800. CHARLEMAGNE, Emperor of the Romans, died at Aachen 28 January 814, and was buried at Aix-la-Chapelle.
Guerard Cartulaire de l’Abbeye de Saint-Berlin (Coll. des Cartulaires de France 3) (1840): 55-56 (Chartulatium Sithiense, Pars Prima, Folquini Lib. I.). Henaux Charlemagne d'après les Traditions liégeoises (1878). Eginhard Life of Charlemagne (1880). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 814. Karolus imperator 5 Kal. Feb. [28 Jan.] feliciter diem ultimum clausit, anno etatis suae circiter 71."). Cutts Charlemagne (1882). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Necrologia Germaniæ 1) (1888): 273 (Necrologium Augiæ Divitis: kat Ianuarius [28 January] - Karolus imperator."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 111 (seal of Charlemagne dated A.D. 774- Oval: impression from an oval intaglio engraved stone. A bust, draped, turned to the right in profile. Legend: + XPE PROTEGE CAROLVM REGE FRANC.), 111 (seal of Charlemagne dated A.D. 812 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust of Jupiter Serapis, with the modius on his head, in profile to the left. No legend.). Hodgkin Life of Charlemagne (1902). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 52 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 814: "Inclitus imperator Karolus migravit ad Christum feliciter, amen, v kalendas feburarii [28 January]."). Russell Charlemagne, First of the Moderns (1930). Scholz & Rogers Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals & Nithard's Histories (1970): 61 (Royal Frankish Annals sub A.D. 783: "The worthy Lady Queen Hildegard died on April 30, which fell that year on the eve of the Ascension of the Lord."). Banfield Charlemagne (1986). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): I, II.1-II.18. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993). Collins Charlemagne (1998). Becher Charlemagne (2003). Bhote Charlemagne: The Life & Times of an Early Medieval Emperor (2005). Story Charlemagne: Empire & Society (2005). Wilson Charlemagne: A Biography (2005). Einhard and Notker the Stammerer Two Lives of Charlemagne (2008). McKitterick Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity (2008).
Children of Charlemagne, by Hildegarde:
i. PÉPIN (or PIPPIN), King of Italy [see next].
ii. LOUIS, King of Aquitaine, Emperor, married (1st) ERMENGARDE OF HASPENGAU; (2nd) JUDITH OF ALTORF [see Line B, Gen. 2 below].”

Charlemagne married von Vinzgau, Hildegard in 771. Hildegard (daughter of of Kraichgau, Gérold I and of Alemannia, Imma) was born on 2 Apr 757 in Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; was christened on 2 Apr 757 in Kingdom of the Franks; died on 30 Apr 783 in Thionville, Moselle, Lorraine, France; was buried on 1 May 783 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: L19Q-3DY
• Appointments / Titles: Between 790 and 811; 2nd Duke of Toulouse
• Life Event: 29 Jun 806, Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France; Lived as a hermit in the Gellone monastery which he founded

Notes:

When Wilhelm von Gellon Herzog von Aquitanien was born about 0750, in Royaume, Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium, his father, Theoderic I Graf von Autun, was 35 and his mother, Aldana, was 32. He married Kunigunde in 0779. They were the parents of at least 3 sons and 1 daughter. In 806, at the age of 56, his occupation is listed as lebte als einsiedler in dem von ihm gegründeten kloster gellone in Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. He died in May 0815, in Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France, at the age of 65, and was buried in Aniane, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.

The abbey of Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert in the Gellone valley (30 kilometers northwest of Montpellier) owes its name to Guilhem, a French knight of the medieval period. Born sometime in the late 8th century, Guilhem was the grandson of Charles Martel, the Duke of Aquitane, and one of the Emperor Charlemagne's chosen knights. He fought bravely against the Saracens (Muslims) of Spain and became famous as the hero of medieval ballads due to his knightly prowess and chivalrous character. A devout Christian who ended his days (died 812 AD) in the monastery at Gellone, he endowed the abbey with a relic of the True Cross, given to him by Charlemagne. Because of this relic, the monastery soon prospered and became an important place of pilgrimage in southern France.
With the development of the great medieval pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela (the shrine of Saint James in northwestern Spain) in the 10th century, Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert became a recognized stage on one of the four major routes leading to Compostela. By the middle of the 11th century this influx of pilgrims to the Gellone valley enabled the monks to rebuild their monastery on a larger scale, using the architectural techniques of the early Romanesque style. The present abbey church dates from that period.
The life of the monastery continued, influenced from time to time by national events and the wider crosscurrents of history until its slow decline in the 18th century and its suppression during the French Revolution in 1790. In the 19th century the abbey was vandalized and fragments of its buildings are found scattered all over the region, even as far away as the Cloisters museum, north of New York City. Reconstructed in the 20th century, today the abbey is the parish church of the small, picturesque village of Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert. No archaeological evidence has come to light indicating the sanctity of the site in pre-Christian times.
Biographical information about Guilhem
William a grandson of Charles Martel. He was born in France around the middle of the 8th century. His mother Aldana was a daughter of Charles Martel, so he was a cousin of Charlemagne. As a close kinsman of Charlemagne he spent his youth in the imperial court. William was made Count of Toulouse in 790, and Charlemagne placed his young son (Louis the Pious, who was to inherit Aquitaine), in his wardship. He was the second count of Toulouse and held the title from 790 until 811.
The following detailed information on Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert can be found on the Languedoc website.
Guilhem dedicated the next thirteen years to sustaining the southern frontiers of the Frankish empire. He was renowned as one of the most valiant warriors of his time. He married twice; his second wife, the Lady of Orange was apparently the widow of a Saracen Lord that he killed and whose estates he seized. Guilhem's exploits became famous and he evolved into the hero of medieval ballads of knightly prowess and chivalry. He is the hero of the Chanson de Guillaume, an early chanson de geste, and of several later sequels.
In 804 Guilhem retired to the Abbey of Aniane. (For many centuries it was regarded as entirely laudable for men to abandon their wives and families to become monks). In 806 he headed a group of monks who set off to found the Abbey of Gellone (now Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert). Before his death, Charlemagne had given the young Guilhem a reliquary, which was believed to contained pieces of the True Cross. (Hundreds of such bogus relics were in circulation even before the Crusades). Guilhem left this one to his Abbey, where it remains to this day. The jewelled reliquary is carried through the village in procession once a year on the 3rd May - St Guilhem's feast day. Replicas made of biscuit are available in the Abbey Church. The faithful claim that they provide protection against lightening.
Guilhem is known by several different names, some of them reflecting his appearance, some his conquests, some his later religious life, and some merely confusion with other semi legendary Guilhems. He was Guilhem the short nosed - French Guillaume au Court Nez, or the Marquis au court nez - a disfigurement incurred during his battle with that pesky Moorish giant who lived in the castle at Gellone. He was also Guillaum de Narbonne; Guillaume Fierabrace, Guillaume d'Orange, and Guilhem de Gellone and Saint Guilhem.
According to the book Holy Blood Holy Grail Guilhem was the son of "Theodoric, king of the Jews of Septimania" crowned in 768. Through him the bloodline of Jesus became the bloodline of Frankish royalty. This fantasy was later incorporated into the plot of the best-selling novel The Da Vinci Code.
The town of Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert
The town Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert lies in the Gellon valley just North of Gignac, east of the new A75 motorway, about 30 kilometres Northwest of Montpellier. It is really more of a village with a population of around 250.
The village has retained its medieval personality with old houses in amber stone, an ancient tower, and a shady square with a fountain and traditional plain trees. It sprawls organically along the Verdus stream, surrounded by cliffs, verdant with thyme, oak and pine trees. The prison tower is a vestige of the medieval village and still dominates it. It is a simple square crenelated tower, pierced by a simple window.
Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert is counted among the Plus Beaux Villages (most beautiful villages) of France, classed, since 1999 a National Site. It is home to numerous artists, many of whom may be found in their studios around the square.
Overlooking the village, on the side of the cliff, is a castle of Visigoth origin. It was only ever a modest fortress but has attracted colourful stories involving Visigoths, Saracens and troubadours. According to legend this castle was once the abode of a Saracen giant, called Don Juan, who was defeated in improbable circumstances by the eponymous Guilhem in single combat.
The Abbey of Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert
The Abbey is located in the town of Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert in the Gellone Valley not far from Montpellier, in the Hérault département. It is a Benedictine foundation dedicated to Saint-Sauveur. It was founded in 804 by Guilhem of Orange, Duke of Aquitaine and second Count of Toulouse, a member of Charlemagne's court, later known as Saint Guilhem.
As the medieval pilgrimage route to the shrine of Saint James of Compostella in Spain developed in the 10th century, the monastery of Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert became a staging point on one of the four main routes through Europe leading to it. Like all such staging points it benefited financially from its more than usually gullible pilgrim visitors. By the middle of the 11th century the monks were rich enough to rebuild their monastery on a larger scale in the latest Romanesque style. The present abbey church dates from this period.
By the twelfth century, the abbey had been renamed in honour of its founder. And as the site in the Gellone Valley had been selected because it was a virtual desert, we now know it at the Abbey of Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert. By 1206, a new cloister had been built at Saint-Guilhem incorporating columns and pilasters which are now located in an American museum. Many of them recall classical Roman columns, but they depart from classical models in their variety of design.
During the 14th to 16th centuries, progressively declined. Under the 'commende' system the abbot was nominated by the king, who selected from among the members of the high clergy (rather than being elected by the monks of the community). The system inevitably led to abuse and for centuries successive Abbots from aristocratic families accumulated titles and neglected their monastic duties.
Like other French religious buildings, Saint-Guilhem suffered in the Wars of Religion during and after the Reformation. In 1569 the Abbey was pillaged by Protestants and sculptures were damaged. Furniture and fittings were sold off to pay for repairs, and for a garrison to protect the Abbey. By 1670 the monastery was in a state of advanced decay. The monks called upon the congregation of Saint-Maur to undertake repair work to save the buildings from ruin and re-establish the monastic life.
The abbey declined in the 18th century. In 1783, it was attached to the bishopric of Lodeve, losing its independence. Monks from Saint-Maur occupied the monastery until the French Revolution, by which time the community had been reduced to six monks. It was suppressed in 1790 during the French Revolution, and the buildings sold ominously to a stonemason. The abbey church escaped vandalism as it became a parish church, but the rest was vandalised. Various businesses were established in the cloister, including a spinning business and a tannery. Private houses were established in the buildings around the cloister and the cloister itself which was used as a stone quarry.
Fragments of the abbey may be found all over the region, and even much further away. You can see some of those columns of the cloister dating from before 1206 in the Cloisters museum, north of New York (part of New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art). It is difficult to know who best deserves the title of Most Cretinous Philistine - the people who sold them, those who bought them, or those who now decline to return them. The cumulative damage of these various acts of vandalism was so severe that it is now impossible to determine the number and sequence of its columns - or even the dimensions of the cloister.
In 1840, the abbey was taken in hand by the Monuments Historiques. Restoration since 1960 has tried to restore the original aspect of the building. A new cloister has been built. Since the end of the 1970s, a community of monks from Carmel Saint Joseph has made the abbey their home.
The abbey is one of several World Heritage sites in the Languedoc. In 1987, the Abbey of Gellone was classed as a French Historical Monument. On the 5 December, 1998, it was classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO as part of the "Paths of Saint James" - the pilgrimage routes of St-Jacques de Compostela.

Wilhelm married de Gellone, Kunigunde in 779. Kunigunde was born in 755 in Kingdom of the Franks; died in 795 in Somme, Picardie, France; was buried in 795 in Kingdom of the Franks. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Bourges, Cher, Centre, France; Count
• FSID: GH4Z-R1P

Family/Spouse: de Champagne, Countess Altrude. Altrude (daughter of de Bourges, Optatus II, daughter of de Champagne, Godfried and de Bourges, Pomponia) was born in 730 in Champagne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France; died in 788 in Bourges, Cher, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: Pomponia
• FSID: GDN5-QW9
• Birth: 705, France
• Birth: 730, Champagne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France

Altrude married du Mans, Gozlin in 749 in France. Gozlin was born in 710 in Europe; died in 770 in Sillé, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: de Bourges, Count Humbert. Humbert (son of de Champagne, Godfried and de Bourges, Pomponia) was born in 725 in Bourges, Cher, Centre, France; died in 778 in Bourges, Cher, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GSKM-N8S

Notes:

Adalhelm of Autun
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Adalhelm of Autun was a Frankish nobleman of the 8th and 9th centuries from the Wilhelmid family, son of Thierry IV and the Carolingian Alda.

He was called as a witness in the charters of the foundation of the abbey of Gellone by his brother William, 15 December 804. Two other brothers signed these charters: Theodoen and a Thierry who is not mentioned in any charters.

That is the only ascertainable information about Adalhelm himself. On the basis of onomastics, two children have been assigned to him:

Waldrada, wife of Adrian, Count of Orléans, count palatine of the Agilolfing family, brother of Hildegard, wife of Charlemagne.
Bernard I , count of Poitiers in 815 and in 825.

Family/Spouse: d'Orléans, Adrien. Adrien (son of of Kraichgau, Gérold I and of Alemannia, Imma) was born in 755; died on 10 Nov 821. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: L8PY-4HG
• Life Event: Between 781 and 810; King of Lombardy & Italy
• Appointments / Titles: 15 Apr 781; King of Italy
• Appointments / Titles: 25 Dec 800; Crowned King of the Franks at Rome

Notes:

Pippin König von Italien
Children ( Mistress or wife? )

1. BERNARD ([797]-Milan 17 Aug 818, bur Milan, San Ambrosio). Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Bernhardus filius Pippini ex concubina"[627]. He was confirmed 11 Sep 813 at Aix-la-Chapelle as BERNARD I King of Italy.

Einhard, who names these daughters, makes no mention of whether they were legitimate or not. If they were illegitimate, it is not known whether they were full sisters of Bernard.

2. ADELAIS ([798]-after 810). "Adailhaidem, Atulam, Guntradam, Berthaidem ac Theoderadam" a

3.ADULA ([800/810]-after 810).

4. GUNTRADA ([800/810]-after 810).

5. BERTAIDE ([800/810]-after 810).

6.THEODRADA ([800/810]-after 810). "

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ITALY,%20Kings%20to%20962.htm#PepinIItalyB

Pépin d'Italie1, né en 777, mort à Milan le 8 juillet 810, est un des fils de Charlemagne, roi d'Italie de 781 à 810.

Il est le troisième fils de Charlemagne et le second d'Hildegarde de Vintzgau. Il est baptisé par le pape Adrien Ier avec le prénom de Carloman.

En 781, Charlemagne, roi des Lombards (rex Langobardorum) depuis 774, décide de faire de Carloman un « roi d'Italie » et de Louis, né en 778, un « roi d'Aquitaine ». Tous deux sont couronnés par le pape à Rome le 15 avril 781. C'est à cette occasion que Charlemagne décide de donner à Carloman le nom de Pépin ; dans la nomenclature, il est appelé Pépin Ier d'Italie, Charlemagne conservant le titre de roi des Lombards.

En raison de son jeune âge, Carloman est placé sous la tutelle d'Adalhard, abbé de Corbie, cousin de Charlemagne ; par la suite, ses tuteurs seront Waldo de Reichenau et Rotchild2.

En 787, bien qu'âgé de 10 ans, Pépin participe à une campagne militaire contre le duc Tassilon de Bavière. Charlemagne mêne lui-même une petite armée sur Augsbourg et débouche en Alémanie. Une autre vient du nord, composée d’Austrasiens, Saxons et Thuringiens. Pépin monte par la vallée de l'Adige à la tête d’une troisième armée. Menacé par des forces supérieures, Tassilon se rend sans combattre.

En 793, Pépin d'Italie mène une campagne contre le duc de Bénévent Grimoald, petit-fils du dernier roi lombard, Didier, qui refuse de se soumettre à son autorité.

---------------------------------------------------------------

Translated:

Pepin of Italy

Pepin of Italy1, born in 777, died in Milan on July 8, 810, was one of the sons of Charlemagne, king of Italy from 781 to 810.

He was the third son of Charlemagne and the second of Hildegard of Vintzgau. He was baptized by Pope Adrian I with the name Carloman.

In 781, Charlemagne, king of the Lombards (rex Langobardorum) since 774, decided to make Carloman a "king of Italy" and Louis, born in 778, a "king of Aquitaine. Both were crowned by the pope in Rome on April 15, 781, at which time Charlemagne decided to give Carloman the name of Pepin; in the nomenclature, he was called Pepin I of Italy, with Charlemagne retaining the title of king of the Lombards.

Because of his young age, Carloman was placed under the guardianship of Adalhard, abbot of Corbie, cousin of Charlemagne; later, his guardians would be Waldo of Reichenau and Rotchild2.

In 787, although he was ten years old, Pepin took part in a military campaign against Duke Tassilon of Bavaria. Charlemagne himself led a small army to Augsburg and into Alemania. Another army came from the north, composed of Austrasians, Saxons and Thuringians. Pepin went up through the Adige valley at the head of a third army. Threatened by superior forces, Tassilon surrendered without fighting.

In 793, Pepin of Italy led a campaign against the duke of Benevento Grimoald, grandson of the last Lombard king, Didier, who refused to submit to his authority.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9pin_d%27Italie

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Italy
• House: Carloginian
• Nickname: The Pious
• FSID: LZT6-KB5
• Appointments / Titles: Between 781 and 814; King of Aquitaine
• Appointments / Titles: Between 814 and 840; Emperor of the West
• Appointments / Titles: Between 814 and 840; King of the Franks
• Residence: 19 Jun 840, Ingelheim am Rhein, Mainz-Bingen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany; Rheinhausen Hesse (house by the river); (present Rheinhessen)

Notes:

Louis the Pious (16 April 778–20 June 840), also called the Fair and the Debonaire, was the King of the Franks and co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aquitaine from 781. As the only surviving son of Charlemagne and Hildegard, he became the sole ruler of the Franks after his father's death in 814, a position which he held until his death, save for the period 833–834, during which he was deposed.

Louis married firstly Ermengarde of Hesbaye in c. 794. Children:
1 Lothair (795–855), king of Middle Francia
2 Pepin (797–838), king of Aquitaine
3 Adelaide (b. c. 799)
4 Rotrude (b. 800)
5 Hildegard (or Matilda) (b. c. 802)
6 Louis the German (c. 806–876), king of East Francia

Louis married secondly Judith of Bavaria. Children:
1 Gisela, married Eberhard of Friuli
2 Charles the Bald, king of West Francia

By an unknown concubine (probably Theodelinde of Sens) [citation needed], he had two illegitimate children:
1 Arnulf of Sens
2 Alpais

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_the_Pious
Louis the Pious (778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair, and the Debonair, was the King of the Franks and co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aquitaine from 781. As the only surviving adult son of Charlemagne

Louis married of Bavaria, Judith in Feb 819. Judith (daughter of of Bavaria, Duke Welf I and of Sachsen, Heilwig) was born on 19 Feb 797 in Altdorf, Landshut, Bayern, Germany; died on 19 Apr 843 in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France; was buried on 19 Apr 843 in Basilica of Saint Martin, Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: de Hesbaye, Empress Ermengarde. Ermengarde was born on 28 May 778 in Belgium; was christened on 5 Oct 816 in Kingdom of the Franks; died on 3 Oct 818 in Angers, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried on 4 Oct 818 in Erstein Abbey, Erstein, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Count of Vivarais
• FSID: 949D-L4R

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GCPN-2LT

Notes:

Adeltrude was the wife of Gauzlin Du Maine, also Gauzlin I,
Together they had the following children:
Rorgon I Count of Maine b.770
Gauzbert, Count of Maine b.775

Aldetrude married du Maine, Gauzlin in 769 in France. Gauzlin (son of du Mans, Gozlin and de Champagne, Countess Altrude) was born in 745 in Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 16 Jun 839 in Dijon, Côte-d'Or, Bourgogne, France; was buried after 16 Jun 839 in Cathedrale Saint-Julien du Mans, Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: G8NQ-19S

Gauzlin married de Bourges, Aldetrude in 769 in France. Aldetrude (daughter of de Bourges, Count Humbert and de Champagne, Countess Altrude) was born in 750 in Frencq, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; was christened in 770 in Frencq, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died in 825 in France; was buried in 825 in Cathedrale Saint-Maurice, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Worms, Worms, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany; Countess
• FSID: LDHS-8VY

Notes:

Waldrada of Worms
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Waldrada (or Waldraith; born 801, date of death unknown). She was first married to Robert III of Worms, in 819 in Wormsgau, Germany. This marriage brought in 830 a son, Robert IV the Strong. The marriage ended when Robert III died in 834. She was the second wife of Conrad II, Duke of Transjurane Burgundy. They had two known children, Adelaide of Auxerre and Rudolph I of Burgundy.

Her father was Adrian, Count of Orléans (758-824), and mother was also named Waldrada, daughter of William of Gellone (William of Orange) 755-812.

*********************************************

Wiltrud von Orléans (also Waldrada, Wialdrudt, Wialdruth; around 801) was the daughter of Count Hadrian von Orléans from the Geroldon family and his wife Waldrat. Two of her grandchildren, Odo and Robert, became kings of the West Franconian Empire.

In 808 she married Rutpert III, Count in Oberrheingau and in Wormsgau from the house of the Rupertines. She herself inherited rich property in Orléans, which served her son Robert the Brave in 840 after his move from the domain of Ludwig the German to that of Charles the Bald as the basis of his rise in the West Franconian Empire.

She was the mother of:
1 Robert IV 'le Fort' Comte de Paris.
2 Rudolph I Roi de Haute-Bourgogne.

Family/Spouse: de Bourgogne, Conrad II. Conrad (son of de Bourgogne, Conrad I and de Tours, Adélaïde) was born in 845 in Bourgogne, France; died in 876 in Bourgogne, France; was buried in 834 in Brissarthe, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Carolingian
• FSID: K81B-Y4V
• Appointments / Titles: Between 810 and 818; King of Italy

Notes:

King of the Lombards of the Carolingian Dynasty (King of Italy) 810 to 818. Bernard was the illegitimate son of King Pepin of Italy, also known as Carloman. Bernard married a Cunigunde and had one son, Pepin, the Count of Vermandois. When his father died in 810, his grandfather, Charlemagne, allowed Bernard to inherit his father's kingdom despite the fact Bernard was illegitimate, as was his father. Bernard then became a trusted agent of both his grandfather and his uncle, Louis the Pious, King of Aquitaine and King of the Franks. Empress Ermengarde, the wife of Louis, wanted Bernard to be displaced in favor of her own sons, causing her husband to draw up the Ordinatio Imperii, a detail the future of the Frankish Empire where Bernard's position in Italy was confirmed but he would be a vassal to Lothair, Louis's eldest son. Bernard gathered many allies including Louis's own brothers in a plot to rebel against Lothair and Louis, who discovered the plot, taking Bernard by surprise in Chalon. He was then taken to Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen, Germany) and condemned to death. Louis commuted the sentence to blinding, such a traumatic event that Bernard died two days later. Louis's half brothers Drago, Hugh and Theoderic were confined to monasteries, the remaining co-conspirators were treated severely, losing all properties, rights or their lives. Bernard's kingdom of Italy was absorbed into the Frankish Kingdom and given to Lothair. In the following years, Louis would confess to Bernard's murder in a public display of penance. It is believed that Bernard was beloved by his people and Louis's sentence upon Bernard created an upheaval in Italy. His penance was "a well-judged gesture to restore harmony and re-establish his authority."
Find A Grave

Bernhard married de Gellone, Cunegonde in 818. Cunegonde (daughter of de Gellone, Heribert) was born in 800 in Kingdom of the Franks; died on 15 Jun 835 in Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy; was buried after 15 Jun 835 in Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GHFR-GK6

Notes:

Granddaughter of Charlemagne: (dutch) Liudolf was married to Oda (ca. 806 - 17 May 913), daughter of the princeps of Billung (Billungers) and Aeda, daughter of Pepin of Italy and thus granddaughter of Charlemagne. Oda founded the monastery of Calbe an der Milde in 885 and lived to be more than 100 years old. Liudolf and Oda had twelve children. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liudolf_van_Saxony

Family/Spouse: Billung. Billung was born in UNKNOWN; died in DECEASED. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: G8V9-R5Y
• Name: Gisela Of The Roman Empire
• Birth: 819

Notes:

Gisela (Gisèle) was the daughter of Louis the Pious and his second wife, Judith of Bavaria, born about 820. She was named after her great-aunt Gisela, the sister of Charlemagne, who chose a religious life from girlhood. Like her ancestress Gisela was renowned for her piety and virtue and eventually became an Abbess.

About 835 Gisela married Eberhard, Duke of Friuli, later canonized as Saint Eberhard. Gisela was Louis the Pious' reward to Count Eberhard for his loyal service. Eberhard and Gisela were likeminded and well suited to each other.
Together they had 9 children:
-Eberhard (c. 837 – 840)
-Ingeltrude (837 or 840 – 870), possibly married Henry, Margrave of the Franks
-Unruoch III (c. 840 – 874)
-Bèrenger (c. 845 – 924), King of Italy
-Adélard (d. 874)
-Rudolf (d. 892)
-Heilwise (b. 860)
-Gisèle (d. 863)
-Judith of Friuli (died ca. 881), first married Arnulf I of Bavaria, second married Conrad II of Auxerre

As dowry Gisela was given many rich domains including the Royal Fisc of Cysoing; located at the center of the country of Pèvele, Cysoing was one of the most beautiful fiscs in the region and became one of her and Eberhard's regular residences. They founded a monastery there, which was not completed until after their deaths.

The nunnery San Salvatore was given to her after Ermengarde, wife of Lothair I. For a time she served as both abbess and rectrix.

She dedicated herself to the education of her and Eberhard's many children.

Gisela's husband Eberhard died 16 December, 867. She survived him, her date of death is not known.

“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“GISELA, born 819-822. She married about 836 EBERHARD (or EVRARD), Margrave of Friuli, before 836? - 864/865, son of Hunroch (or Unroch), Count of Teinois, by Angiltrud, daughter, perhaps, of Begue, Count of Paris. They had five sons, Eberhard, Hunroch (or Unroch) [Margrave of Friuli], Berengario (or Bérenger) (I) [Duke of Friuli, King of Italy, Emperor], Adalard, and Raoul (or Rodolfe) [Abbot of Saint-Vaast and Saint-Bertin], and four daughters, Engeltrude, Heilwig (or Hélvide) (wife of Hucbald, Count of Ostrevant, and Roger I, Count of Laon), Gisela (nun in Brescia), and Judith (wife of Heinrich, Margrave in Frisia). He received the marquessate of Friuli from Lothair I, and held it with his wife in addition to his possessions in Italy and in Germany, his large holdings bordering the river Meuse, Hesbaye, Condroz, Texandrie and the pagus Moilla, and also other lands in the vicinity of Arras and Tournai, in Ostrevant, Cysoing and elsewhere. His wealth and political influence made him one of the most important men of his time. He was said to be highly cultured, and his testament enumerated many religious works. He maintained friendships with Hraban Maur, archbishop of Mayence, Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, and with other men of letters. He founded Cysoing Abbey in the diocese of Noyon, and he transported to the abbey the relics of St. Calixtus, which he obtained from the pope. He made his testament about 863-864, and died [?16 Dec.] 865-866, and was buried at Cysoing. In 869 his widow, Gisela, gave Somain in Ostrevant to her son, Adalard. In 870 she and her son, Raoul, confirmed and augmented donations to Cysoing towards her burial and that of her daughter, Engeltrude. Gisela was living 1 July 874, when she made another grant to Cysoing.
Études d'Histoire de Moyen Age dediées el Gabrielle Monod (1896): 155-162. Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 14, IV 24-32 and also p. 86, notes concerning Nov. 28 and 30). Decker-Hauff (1955): 293. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 188A (sub Italy). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.14, IV.32-38c. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).”

Gisèle married of Friuli, Saint Eberardo in 836 in France. Eberardo (son of Count Unruoch and de Paris, Engeltrude) was born in 815 in Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy; died on 16 Dec 866 in Cysoing, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; was buried on 24 Dec 866 in Cysoing, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Carolingian
• Nickname: The Bald
• FSID: 2QBY-PCY
• Military: Between 840 and 843; Carolingian Civil War
• Life Event: 14 Feb 842; Alliance between Charles the Bald and Louis the German against their brother Lothair I
• Life Event: 843; Restricted the powers of the king and guaranteed rights of the nobility and clergy.
• Life Event: 860; King of the West Franks
• Life Event: 876; King of Italy and the Roman Empire

Notes:

King of the Franks, Emperor of the Roman Empire
Oaths of Strasbourg: 14 Feb 842 AD; Alliance between Charles the Bald and Louis the German against their brother Lothair I
Charles ΙΙ, also known as Charles the Bald was the youngest son of Louis the Pious and his second wife Judith. He was also a grandson of Charlemagne. Charles was born June 13, 823 in Frankfurt am Main, and was named Charles after his famous and powerful grandfather. His older brothers are Lothair I, Pepin of Aquitaine, and Louis the German.
Charles married Ermentrude of Orléans, daughter of Odo I, Count of Orléansin, in 842 and they had 10 children: Judith of Flanders, Louis the Stammerer, Charles the Child, Lothair the Lame, Carloman, Rotrude and Ermentrud (both who became nuns), Hildegarde, Gisela, and Godehilde.
Ermentrude died October 6 869 and in 870 Charles married Richilde of the Ardennes, daughter of Bivin of Gorze, Count of the Ardennes. Together they had 5 more children: Rothilde, Drogo, Pippin, a son who died an infant in 875, and Charles. Unfortunately out of these 5 only Rothilde survived to adulthood.

Charles the Bald was not bald, he is pictured with a full head of hair. 'The Bald' rather refers to his lack of lands when he was young.

Charles father Louis the Pious was King of Aquitaine, Emperor of Rome and King of the Franks. Although Charles was his youngest son, Louis named him his heir in 837. Charles would spend most of his life in a power struggle with his older brothers over the lands conquered by their grandfather. Charles older brother Pepin died in 838 and Charles was made King of Aquitaine. His father Louis the Pious died in 840 and war erupted between his sons. Oldest son Lothair consolidated control of Middle Francia and became Emperor of Rome. Charles allied with his brother Louis against their older brother. Louis became King of East Francia (King of Germany) and Charles King of West Francia (King of France)
After the death of his brother Lothair and then his brothers son Emperor Louis II, Charles traveled to Rome and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John VIII on December 25, 875.

Charles died on 6 October 877 in Brides-les-Bains while crossing the pass of Mont Cenis. He was buried initially at the abbey of Nantua, Burgundy but a few years later, his remains were transferred to the Abbey of Saint-Denis where he had long wished to be buried.

Charles and Ermentrude had the following children:
-Judith (c.843–after 866), married first King Ethelwulf of Wessex, second his son King Ethelbald, and third Baldwin I, Margrave of Flanders
-Louis the Stammerer (846–879)
-Charles the Child (847–866)
-Lothair the Lame (848–866), monk in 861, became Abbot of Saint-Germain
-Carloman (849–876)
-Rotrude (852–912), a nun, Abbess of Saint-Radegunde
-Ermentrud (854–877), a nun, Abbess of Hasnon
-Hildegarde (born 856, died young)
-Gisela (857–874)
-Godehilde (864–907)

The children of Charles and Richilde are:
-Rothilde (871–929), married Hugues, Count of Bourges and 2nd Roger, Count of Maine.
-Drogo (872–873)
-Pippin (873–874)
-a son (born and died 875)
-Charles (876–877)
------------------------------
“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“CHARLES II the Bald, King of Neustria, 838-840, King of the West Franks, 840-877, King of (western) Lorraine, 870-877, King of Italy, 875-877, Emperor, 875-877, son by his father's 2nd marriage, born at Frankfurt-am-Main 13 June 823. He married (1st) at Quierzy, Aisne 13 Dec. 842 ERMENTRUDE OF ORLÉANS, daughter of Eudes, Count of Orléans, by his wife, Engeltrude. She was born 27 Sept., about 830. They had six sons, Louis (II) [King of Neustria, King of Aquitaine, King of France], Charles [King of Aquitaine], Karlmann (or Carloman) [Abbot of St.-Germain of Auxerre], Lothair [Abbot of St.-Germain of Auxerre], Dreux, and Pépin, and four daughters, Judith, Hildegarde, Ermentrude [Abbess of Hasnon], and Gisela (or Gisele). His wife, Ermentrude, died 6 October 869. He married (2nd) 12 October 869, confirmed at Aix-la-Chapelle 22 Jan. 870 RICHILDE OF GORZE, daughter of Bivin, Count and Abbot of Gorze, by daughter of Boson l'Ancien, count in Italy. They had three children, including one son, Charles, and one daughter, Rothilde (wife of Rodgar [or Roger], Count of Maine). CHARLES II the Bald, Emperor, King of the West Franks, died at Brides-les-Bains (Savoie, Fr.) 6 October 877, and was buried at Nantua monastery, later at St. Denis. His widow, Richilde, living 910, and died before 3 Feb. 911.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini inc. 877. Karolus, frater eius, Nonas Octob. feliciter obit.”) Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of King Charles II dated A.D. 843 - Oval: bust of a youthful personage, in profile to the right, head crowned with laurel. Legend: + KAROLVS GRATIA DI REX.). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54-55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 877: "Karolus imperator obiit, id est Calvus, et filius ejus Hludowicus regnum recepit."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 15. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (sub Die Karolinger); 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.15, IV.39-IV.52. Online resource: http.//www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/mittelalter/koenige/frankenreich/karl_2_der_kahle_koenig_von_frankreich_877.html.”

Charles married d'Orléans, Queen Ermentrude on 13 Dec 842 in France. Ermentrude (daughter of d'Orléans, Count Eudes and de Fézensac, Engeltrude) was born on 27 Sep 823 in Orléans, Loiret, Centre, France; died on 6 Oct 869 in France; was buried after 6 Oct 869 in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Carolingian
• Nickname: Lothar
• FSID: KH28-TN6
• Religion: Roman Catholic
• Appointments / Titles: Aug 814; King of Bavaria
• Appointments / Titles: Between 817 and 855, Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; Emperor of the Romans
• Appointments / Titles: Between 817 and 855, Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; King of Italy
• Appointments / Titles: Between 818 and 855, Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; King of Lombardia
• Appointments / Titles: Between 840 and 855; Emperor of the West

Notes:

Lothair I, born in 795, was Emperor of the Roman Empire (co-ruling with his father, Louise the Pious, until 840). He was also the governor of Bavaria and King of Italy and Middle Francia. He was the eldest son of Louis and his wife Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingerman the duke of Hesbaye.

On several occasions, Lothair led his full-brothers, Pepin I of Aquitaine and Louis the German, in revolt against their father to protest against attempts to make their half-brother Charles the Bald a co-heir to the Frankish domains. Upon their father's death, Charles and Louis joined forces against Lothair in a three-year civil war that lasted from 840 to 843. The struggles between the brothers led directly to the breakup of the Frankish Empire that had been assembled by their grandfather Charlemagne, and it laid the foundation for the development of modern France and Germany.

Little is known of Lothair's early life, which probably was passed at the court of his grandfather Charlemagne. In 814, the elderly emperor died, and left his sole surviving legitimate son Louis the Pious as successor to his vast empire. The next year, Lothair would be sent to govern Bavaria for his father, the new emperor. In 817, Louis the Pious drew up his "Ordinatio Imperii." In it he designated Lothair as his principal heir and ordered that Lothair would be the overlord of Louis' younger sons Pippin of Aquitaine (who was 20) and Louis the German (who was 13), as well as his nephew Bernard of Italy, Lothair's cousin. Lothair also would inherit their lands if they died childless. Lothair, at age 22, then was crowned joint emperor by his father at Aachen. At the same time, Aquitaine and Bavaria were granted to his brothers Pippin and Louis, respectively, as subsidiary kingdoms. Following the death of Bernard, Lothair also received the Kingdom of Italy.

In 821, Lothair married Ermengarde (who died in 851), daughter of Hugh the Count of Tours. In 822, he assumed the government of Italy, and at Easter, April 5, 823, he was crowned emperor again by Pope Paschal I, this time at Rome. In November 824, Lothair promulgated a statute, the "Constitutio Romana," concerning the relations of pope and emperor, which reserved the supreme power to the secular potentate, and he afterwards issued various ordinances for the good government of Italy.

On Lothair's return to his father's court, his stepmother Judith won his consent to her plan for securing a kingdom for her son Charles, a scheme that was carried out in 829, when the young prince was given Alemannia as king. However, Lothair soon changed his attitude and spent the succeeding decade in constant strife over the division of the Empire with his father. He was alternately master of the Empire, then banished and confined to Italy, at one time taking up arms in alliance with his brothers, and at another time fighting against them, while the bounds of his appointed kingdom were in turn extended and reduced.

The first rebellion began in 830. All three brothers fought their father, whom they deposed. In 831, their father was reinstated and he deprived Lothair of his imperial title and gave Italy to Charles. The second rebellion was instigated by Angilbert II, Archbishop of Milan, in 833, and again Louis was deposed in 834. Through the loyalty of the Lombards and later reconciliations, Lothair retained Italy and the imperial position through all remaining divisions of the Empire by his father.

When Louis the Pious was dying in 840, he sent the imperial insignia to Lothair, who, disregarding the various partitions, claimed the whole of the Empire. He was 45 years old when his father died. Negotiations with his brother Louis the German and his half-brother Charles, both of whom resisted this claim, were followed by an alliance of the younger brothers against him. A decisive battle was fought at Fontenay-en-Puisaye on June 25, 841, when, in spite of his and his allied nephew Pepin II of Aquitaine's personal gallantry, Lothair was defeated and fled to Aachen.

With fresh troops, Lothair began a war of plunder, but the forces of his brothers were too strong, and taking with him such treasure as he could collect, he abandoned his capital to them. He met with the leaders of the "Stellinga" in Speyer and promised them his support in return for theirs, but Louis, and then the native Saxon nobility, put down the "Stellinga" in the next years.

Peace negotiations began, and in June 842 the brothers met on an island in the Saône. They agreed to an arrangement that developed, after much difficulty and delay, into the Treaty of Verdun, signed in August 843. By this, Lothair received the imperial title as well as northern Italy and a long stretch of territory from the North Sea to the Mediterranean, essentially along the valleys of the Rhine and the Rhône; this territory included the regions Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, and Provence. He soon ceded Italy to his eldest son, Louis, and remained in his new kingdom, engaging in alternate quarrels and reconciliations with his brothers and in futile efforts to defend his lands from the attacks of the Northmen (as Vikings were known in Frankish writings) and the Saracens (as those loyal to the various Fatimids, Umayyads and Abbasides are known in Frankish writings). In 845, the count of Arles, Fulcrad, led a rebellion in Provence. The emperor put it down and the count joined him in an expedition against the Saracens in Italy in 846.

In 855, Lothair became seriously ill, and despairing of recovery, he renounced the throne, divided his lands among his three sons, and on September 23 entered the monastery of Prüm, where he died six days later. He was buried at Prüm, where his remains were found in 1860. It was at Prüm that Lothair was most commemorated. The same year, Lothair's kingdom was divided among his three sons in a deal called the Treaty of Prüm: the eldest, Louis II, received Italy and the title of emperor; the second, Lothair II, received Lotharingia; the youngest, Charles, received Provence.

Lothair married Ermengarde of Tours in 821, who died in 851. their children were: Louis II, crowned King of Italy in 844 by Pope Sergius II and crowned Emperor in 850, who married Engelberga; Hiltrude, who married Berengar of Spoleto; Bertha, who married an unknown man and was later Abbess of Avenay; Gisela, Abbess of San Salvatore at Brescia; Lothair II, who succeeded his father and married Teutberga, daughter of Boso the Elder, Count of Arles; Rotrude, who married Lambert III of Nantes; and Charles, who was Invested with Provence, Lyon and Transjuranian Burgundy.

Lothair had one known illegitimate child, Carloman.

-- Wikiwand: Lothair I

Lotharius married de Tours, Empress Ermengarde in Oct 821 in Thionville, Moselle, Lorraine, France. Ermengarde (daughter of de Tours, Hugues and de Morvois, Ava) was born in 804 in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France; was christened on 5 Oct 816 in France; died on 20 Mar 851 in Erstein, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France; was buried on 20 Mar 851 in Erstein, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Paris, Île-de-France, France; Countess
• Life Event: Abbey of Saint-Pierre-les-Dames, Rheims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; Abbess Adaltrude of St. Peters- Rheims
• FSID: KFFM-MCB

Alphaide married de Paris, Bego I in 793 in Palatinate (Historical), Germany. Bego (son of de Paris, Gerard I and de Paris, Rothrude) was born in 757; died on 28 Oct 816 in Paris, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LDW5-PC5

Notes:

Around 818, Bernard of Italy married a certain Cunégonde. The parentage of the latter is not known, but her name has been linked to Cunégonde, the wife of Guillaume de Gellone, and mother of a Heribert, a first name which then appears in the descendants of Bernard. Chronologically, Bernard's wife would rather be the daughter of Héribert and granddaughter of Guillaume de Gellone and Cunégonde.

Cunegonde married of Italy, Bernhard in 818. Bernhard (son of of Italy, Pippin) was born in 797 in Bohain, Aisne, Picardie, France; died on 17 Apr 818 in Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy; was buried on 21 Apr 818 in Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Rogonid
• FSID: LDSS-H8K
• Appointments / Titles: Between 819 and 840, Rennes, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; Comte de Rennes
• Appointments / Titles: Between 832 and 840, Maine (Historical), France; Count

Notes:

Rorgon I or Rorico(n) I (also Rorgo or Rorich; died 16 June 839 or 840) was the first Count of Maine and progenitor of the Rorgonid dynasty, which is named for him. He was Count of Rennes from 819 and of Maine from 832 until his death.

He was a son of count Gauzlin I of Maine[1] and Adeltrude, both of whom are named as his parents in a charter of 839 by Rorgo I to the Abbey of Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil.[2] Between 819 and 832 Rorgon became count of Maine and at some point, possibly at the bidding of his wife Bilechilde who may have owned the property, undertook to restore the Abbey of Glanfeuil. An Abbot Ingelbert of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés allegedly assisted Rorgon and sent monks including Rorgon's brother Gausbert.[a][3] Gausbert (Gauzbert) was the name of an Abbot at St. Maur.[4]
Count Rorgon had been a retainer at the court of Charlemagne, with whose daughter Rotrude he had a sexual relationship.[5] The couple had at least one illegitimate child, Louis, Abbot of Saint-Denis, Saint-Riquier, and Saint-Wandrille,[5] who was also chancellor to his cousin Charles the Bald from 841.[4]

Rorgon became the second Count of Maine in 832 when his predecessor Banzleibs was made Margrave of the Saxons. He remained Count of Maine until his death in 840, at which time he was succeeded by his brother Gauzbert. His own son, Rorgon II, succeeded Gauzbert in 853 and upon his death in 865 his other son Gauzfrid became Count.
Marriage and issue[edit]

Rorgon married a lady named Bilechilde,[4] and had three sons and two daughters:
• Rorgon II of Maine[4]
• Gauzfrid of Neustria[4]
• Gauzlin, Bishop of Paris[4]
• Bilechilde, who married Bernard II, Count of Poitiers[4]
• Adaltrude, who married Ramulf, Count of Poitiers[4]
Rorgon and Rotrude had one illegitimate son—Louis, Abbot of Saint-Denis, Saint-Riquier, Saint-Wandrille, and Chancellor to King Charles the Bald.

Rorgon married de Poitiers, Bilichilde I in 820 in Maine (Historical), France. Bilichilde (daughter of de Poitiers, Adalelme and de Cahors, Ayga) was born in 783 in Maine (Historical), France; died on 1 Mar 839 in Maine (Historical), France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Welf
• FSID: LYX6-GC4
• Appointments / Titles: Between 888 and 912; King of Haute-Bourgogne

Notes:

Rudolph I (859-October 25, 912) was King of Upper Burgundy from his election in 888 until his death.

Rudolph belonged to the elder Welf family and was the son of Conrad, Count of Auxerre and Waldrada of Worms. From his father he inherited the lay abbacy of St Maurice en Valais, making him the most powerful magnate in Upper Burgundy - present-day western Switzerland and the Franche-Comté.
After the deposition and death of Charles the Fat, the nobles and leading clergy of Upper Burgundy met at St Maurice and elected Rudolph as king. Apparently on the basis of this election, Rudolph claimed the whole of Lotharingia, taking much of modern Lorraine and Alsace - but his claim was contested by Arnulf of Carinthia, the new king of East Francia or Germany, who rapidly forced Rudolph to abandon Lotharingia in return for recognition as king of Burgundy. However, hostilities between Rudolph and Arnulf seem to have continued intermittently until 894.

Rudolph's relationships with his other neighbours were friendlier. His sister Adelaide married Richard the Justiciar, duke of Burgundy (the present day Burgundy, part of west Francia). His daughter another Adelaide married Louis the Blind of Provence (Lower Burgundy), and his daughter Willa married Boso of Tuscany.

Rudolph was succeeded as king of Burgundy by his son, Rudolph II. Rudolf I's widow, queen Guilla, married in 912 Hugh of Arles.

This Rudolph is frequently confused with his nephew Rudolph of France, who was the second duke of Burgundy and ninth king of France.

Rudolph married de Provence, Guilla in 888 in France. Guilla (daughter of de Provence, Boson and de Italy, Queen of Burgundy Ermengarde) was born in 873 in Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France; died on 14 Feb 929 in Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duchess of Burgundy
• FSID: 9C44-MQP

Family/Spouse: de Bourgogne, Duke Richard. Richard (son of of Gorze, Bivin and d'Arles, Dame Richilde) was born in 858 in Champagne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France; died on 1 Sep 921 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France; was buried on 1 Sep 921 in Saint-Étienne Cathedral, Sens, Yonne, Bourgogne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duke of Brittany
• FSID: LCZN-T6T
• Life Event: 22 Aug 851, Battle of Jengland, Fougeray, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; Frankish army of Charles the Bald.

Notes:

After the death of his father Nominoe, he led a successful military campaign against the Franks, culminating in his victory at the Battle of Jengland. He is subsequently referred to as "King of Brittany."

-- Wikiwand: Erispoe

geni.com
Pepin Seigneur de Senlis, de Peronne & de Saint-Quentin, II
French: Pépin comte de Péronne, Comte, seigneur de Peronne et Saint Quentin
Also Known As: "Pépin II", "seigneur de Péronne", "Lord of Senlis", "Péronne", "and Saint Quentin", "Pepin Quentin count of Senlis and lord of Valois", "Pepin II Quentin of Peronne de Valois Count of Vermandois", "Count Berenger of Bretagne Count of Bayeux", "Count of Vermandois; Lo..."
Birthdate: circa 817
Birthplace: Vermandois, Picardy, France
Death: circa 848 (22-39)
Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
Place of Burial: Milan, Lombardy, Italy
Immediate Family:
Son of Bernard, King of Lombardy and Cunigundis
Husband of N.N. du Vexin

Father of
Pepin Bérenger de Senlis, comte de Bayeux;
Héribert I de Vermandois, comte de Vermandois, Senlis, Péronne;
Bernard I, count of Senlis; daughter of Pépin and
Cunegundes de Vermandois

Occupation: Count in the Region of Paris, Seigneur de Senlis, Seigneur de Péronne, Seigneur de Saint-Quentin, Lay Abbot 840, Compte de Peronnes et Senlis duc de Vermandois, roi d Italie, count of Vermandois, lord of Senlis, Péronne, and Saint Quentin, Count

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Sachsen, Germany; Duchess
• FSID: LC58-LGY

Notes:

"About 830 Liudolf married Oda, daughter of Billung and Aeda."

--> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liudolf,_Duke_of_Saxony#Life

"About 830 Liudolf married Oda, daughter of Billung and Aeda."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liudolf,_Duke_of_Saxony#Life

Granddaughter of Charlemagne: (dutch) Liudolf was married to Oda (ca. 806 - 17 May 913), daughter of the princeps of Billung (Billungers) and Aeda, daughter of Pepin of Italy and thus granddaughter of Charlemagne. Oda founded the monastery of Calbe an der Milde in 885 and lived to be more than 100 years old. Liudolf and Oda had twelve children. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liudolf_van_Saxony

.

Oda married von Sachsen, Liudolf in 834 in Sachsen, Germany. Liudolf was born in 810 in Herzfeld, Bitburg-Prum, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany; died on 11 Mar 866 in Goslar, Goslar, Niedersachsen, Germany; was buried after 11 Mar 866 in Brunshausen Abbey, Bad Gandersheim, Northeim, Niedersachsen, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: L8MS-M3H

Notes:

This is Ingeltrude (Engeltrude). Her sister is Judith.

DO NOT CONFUSE THEM. DO NOT MERGE THEM.

Family/Spouse: von Babenberg, Margrave Heinrich. Heinrich (son of von Babenberg, Count Poppo and Grapfeld, Kunigunda Cunegonde) was born in 825 in Babenberg, Holzkirchen, Miesbach, Bayern, Germany; died on 28 Aug 886 in Paris, Île-de-France, France; was buried after 28 Aug 886 in Abbey of Saint-Médard de Soissons, Soissons, Aisne, Picardie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Carolingian
• FSID: LD98-69W
• Life Event: 1 Oct 856, Verberie, Oise, Picardie, France; Judith was crowned queen and anointed by Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims; in Wessex it was not customary for kings\' wives to be queens, but Charles insisted that his daughter be crowned queen. Although empresses had been anointed before, this is the first definitely known anointing of a Carolingian queen.
• Life Event: 13 Jan 858, Kingdom of Wessex (England); Judith was widowed at age 14 when Æthelwulf died on 13 January 858. They had been married a year and 3 months and had no children.
• Life Event: Jul 860, Kingdom of Wessex (England); Judith was still childless when Æthelbald died in 860 after a reign of two-and-a-half years
• Life Event: Dec 860, Senlis, Somme, Picardie, France; Following Æthelbald's death, Judith sold her properties in Wessex and returned to France. Her father, Charles the Bald, sent her to the Monastery at Senlis. She was to remain \"under his protection and guardianship, with all the honour due a queen, until such time as she might marry...suitably and legally.\"
• Life Event: Dec 861, Harelbeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium; Around Christmas 861, Judith eloped with Baldwin, later Count of Flanders, to Harelbeke (Belgium) with her brother Louis the Stammerer\'s consent.
• Life Event: 13 Dec 862, Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France; Judith's father Charles the Bald wanted Judith and Baldwin excommunicated. Pope Nicholas I convinced him to accept the union of Judith and Baldwin as legally binding and welcome the young couple into his circle. They were officially married at Auxerre on 13 December 862.

Notes:

Judith of Flanders (or Judith of France) was the oldest child of Charles the Bald, King of the West Franks and Holy Roman Emperor, and his first wife Ermentrude of Orléans. She was born about 843, most likely in Orléans.
On 1 October 856, at Verberie in northern France, Judith married Æthelwulf, King of Wessex. Æthelwulf was about sixty-one years old and Judith was age 12 to 14. The marriage was a diplomatic alliance and as part of the arrangement Charles insisted his daughter be crowned Queen. Judith was crowned queen and anointed by Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims. Although empresses had been anointed before, this is the first definitely known anointing of a Carolingian queen.
The marriage itself was unusual in that Carolingian princesses rarely married, were usually sent to nunneries, and it was almost unknown for them to marry foreigners. The marriage provoked a rebellion by Æthelwulf's eldest surviving son, Æthelbald, probably because he feared displacement by a higher-born half-brother. Æthelwulf, died on 13 January 858, married a little over a year, Judith was still no more than 14 or 15, the marriage produced no children. Æthelbald, succeed his father as King of Wessex and immediately married Judith, his step-mother, probably to enhance his status because she was the daughter of the West Frankish king.
Æthelbald died in July 860, they had been married two-and-a-half years. Judith was no more than 17 years old, she had been twice married, twice widowed, twice been the Queen of Wessex ad she was still childless. Done with Wessex, Judith sold her properties and went home to France. Her father Charles the Bald promptly put her in the Monastery at Senlis, "under his protection, with all the honour due to a queen, until such time as she might marry suitably and legally."
Around Christmas 861, Judith escaped and eloped with Baldwin (Count of Flanders) to the Flemish city of Harelbeke. Judith's brother Louis had given his consent but her father Charles the Bald was furious and tried to have the couple excommunicated. Thy fled to Rome and appealed to the Pope.
Pope Nicholas I convinced Judith's father to accept the union and welcome the young couple into his circle. They were officially married at Auxerre on 13 December 862.

Baldwin was given the County of Flanders to protect from Viking attacks. He not only succeeded in quelling the threat, but expanded both his army and his territory quickly, and became a faithful supporter of King Charles. Baldwin became known as "Iron Arm" and the March of Baldwin came to be known as the County of Flanders and would become one of the most powerful principalities of France.

Judith finally had children. She and Baldwin are known to have had:
Charles (c. 864/865 – died young), named after Judith's father, Charles the Bald

Baldwin II (c. 865/867 – c. 10 September 918). Succeeded his father as Margrave (Count) of Flanders. Married Ælfthryth, daughter of Alfred the Great

Raoul or Ralph (Rodulf) (c. 867/870 – murdered 17 June 896). Became Count of Cambrai around 888; he and his brother joined King Zwentibold of Lotharingia in 895, attacked Vermandois and captured Arras, Saint-Quentin and Peronne, and ended up captured and killed by Herbert I of Vermandois

Guinidilda, who married Wilfred I the Hairy, Count of Barcelona

Judith's exact date of death is not known, however, it is believed about 870, certainly before Baldwin who died in 879, they are both believed to be buried in the Abbey of St-Bertin, near Saint-Omer.

Judith married of Flanders, Baldwin I on 13 Dec 862 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France. Baldwin (son of of Flanders, Odoacer and of Flanders, N.N.) was born in 837 in Laon, Aisne, Picardie, France; died on 2 Jan 879 in Arras, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; was buried in 879 in Abbey of Saint Bertin, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Judith married of Wessex, Æthelbald in 858 in Kingdom of Wessex (England). Æthelbald was born in 834 in Wantage, Berkshire, England; died on 20 Dec 860 in Sherborne, Dorset, England; was buried after 20 Dec 860 in Sherborne, Dorset, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: The Stammerer
• FSID: 94NX-NK2

Notes:

LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).”
- this comes from “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013)
----------------

"Louis II, known as Louis the Stammerer, was the King of Aquitaine and later the King of West Francia. He was the eldest son of emperor Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans. Louis the Stammerer was physically weak and outlived his father by only two years."

"He succeeded his younger brother Charles the Child as the ruler of Aquitaine in 866 and his father in West Francia in 877, but he was *never* crowned Holy Roman Emperor."

"Louis was crowned king on 8 October 877 by Hincmar, archbishop of Reims, at Compiegne and was crowned a second time in August 878 by Pope John VIII at Troyes while the pope was attending a council there. The pope may have even offered him the imperial crown, but it was declined. Louis had relatively little impact on politics. He was described "a simple and sweet man, a lover of peace, justice, and religion". In 878, he gave the counties of Barcelona, Girona, and Besalú to Wilfred the Hairy. His final act was to march against the invading Vikings, but he fell ill and died on 9 April or 10 April 879, not long after beginning this final campaign. On his death, his realms were divided between his two sons, Carloman II and Louis III of France."

Louis married de Paris, Adélaïde in 862. Adélaïde was born in 850 in Paris, Île-de-France, France; died on 10 Nov 901 in Laon, Aisne, Picardie, France; was buried after 19 Nov 901 in Compiègne, Oise, Picardie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LTY4-Y72
• Appointments / Titles: Between 839 and 840; König von Italien
• Appointments / Titles: 844; König der Langobarden
• Appointments / Titles: 844; König der Langobarden
• Appointments / Titles: 850; Römischer Mitkaiser
• Appointments / Titles: 850; Römischer Mitkaiser

Ludwig married d'Alsazia, Engelberga on 5 Oct 851. Engelberga was born in 830; died on 2 Apr 900 in San Salvatore, Brescia, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy; was buried after 2 Apr 900 in Parma, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Brescia, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy; Abbess to Saint Salvador of Brescia
• Appointments / Titles: Duchess of Moselle
• Appointments / Titles: Gräfin von Lothringen und Maasgau
• Appointments / Titles: Princess of Italy
• Appointments / Titles: Princess of Russia
• FSID: L87F-PT1

Notes:

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irmengarde_de_Germanie

Family/Spouse: de Maasgau, Giselbert II. Giselbert was born in 825 in Hainaut, Belgium; died on 6 Sep 885 in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; was buried after 6 Sep 885. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Italy
• FSID: LHJC-WKM
• Appointments / Titles: Between 855 and 869; King of Lotharingia (Lorraine)

Lothaire married de Lorraine, Waldrada on 25 Dec 862. Waldrada was born in 835; died on 9 Apr 869. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GQM2-6VR

Notes:

https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKISH%20NOBILITY.htm#SusannaMWulfhard

Suzanne married de Flavigny, Wulfhard in 825. Wulfhard (son of von Argengau, Udalrich II) was born in 803 in Paris, Île-de-France, France; died in 856 in Flavigny, Côte-d'Or, Bourgogne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess
• FSID: G8H3-23Z

Notes:

geneanet
Bilchilde du MAINEPrint Family Tree

Parents
Roricon II du MAINE, comte de Rennes (819) comte du Maine (832-839) 808-839
Bichilde N 810-840

Spouses and children
Married to Bernard de POITIERS with
M Bernard de GOTHIE

Siblings
M Roricon du MAINE †866
F Adeltrude du MAINE 832/-865
M Gauzfrid Ou Roricon III du MAINE, comte du Maine 833-878..885
M Gauzlin du MAINE 834-886

Half-siblings
On the side of Roricon II du MAINE, comte de Rennes (819) comte du Maine (832-839) 808-839
with Rotrude N 775-810
F Adeltrude du MAINE
M Louis du MAINE, chancelier de France ca 800-867

Family/Spouse: de Poitiers, Ranulf I. Ranulf (son of d'Auvergne, Gerald I and d'Auvergne, Hildgard) was born in 820 in Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France; died on 2 Jul 866 in Brissarthe, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in 866 in Saint-Jean de Montierneuf, Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: de Poitiers, Bernhard II. Bernhard (son of de Septimanie, Bernard I and de Gascogne, Dhouda Sanchez) was born in 822 in Autun, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France; died in 872 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Welf
• FSID: L8TY-B3W
• Appointments / Titles: 912; King of Hochburgund (Burgundy)
• Appointments / Titles: Between 922 and 926, Italy; King
• Appointments / Titles: 933; King of Niederburgund
• Appointments / Titles: Between 933 and 937; König von Burgund

Notes:

Rudolph II (c. 880-11 July 937), a member of the Elder House of Welf, was King of Burgundy from 912 until his death. He initially succeeded in Upper Burgundy and also ruled as King of Italy from 922 to 926. In 933 Rudolph acquired the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy (Provence) from King Hugh of Italy in exchange for the waiver of his claims to the Italian crown, thereby establishing the united Burgundian Kingdom of Arles.

He was the son of the Upper Burgundian king Rudolph I, and it is presumed that his mother was his father's known wife Guilla, probably a daughter of King Boso of Provence. Following his ascent to the throne in 912, Rudolph II entered into a border conflict with the neighbouring Dukes of Swabia and campaigned the Thurgau and Zurich estates. Duke Burchard II of Swabia finally defeated him in the 919 Battle of Winterthur; both rulers made peace and Rudolph married Burchard's daughter Bertha in 922.

At the same time, Rudolph was asked by several Italian nobles led by Margrave Adalbert I of Ivrea to intervene in Italy on their behalf against Emperor Berengar. Having entered Italy, he was crowned King of the Lombards at Pavia. In 923, he defeated Berengar at Piacenza; Berengar was murdered the following year, possibly at the instigation of Rudolph. The king then ruled Upper Burgundy and Italy together, residing alternately in both kingdoms.

However, in 926 the Italian nobility turned against him and requested that Hugh of Arles, the effective ruler of Provence (or Lower Burgundy), rule them instead. Rudolph's father-in-law Duke Burchard II of Swabia came for his support, however, he was attacked and killed near Novara by the henchmen of Archbishop Lambert of Milan. The king returned to Upper Burgundy to protect himself, assuring Hugh's coronation as King of Italy in the process. At the Diet of Worms, Rudolph rendered the royal symbol of the Holy Lance to the East Frankish king Henry the Fowler in exchange for the Swabian Basel estates.

The two Burgundian kingdoms unified from 933; Rudolph ruled until his death in 937 and was succeeded by his son Conrad. After his death in 937, his daughter Adelaide was married to Hugh's son Lothair, while Hugh married Rudolph's widow Bertha. Adelaide later became the second wife of Otto the Great, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962, and the mother of Emperor Otto II.

Rudolph II - a member of the Elder House of Welf
912-937 King of Burgundy
922-926 King of Italy
933 Rudolph acquired the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy (Provence) from King Hugh of Italy in exchange for the waiver of his claims to the Italian crown, thereby establishing the united Kingdom of Burgundy.

Following his ascent to the throne in 912, Rudolph II entered into a border conflict with the neighbouring dukes of Swabia and campaigned the Thurgau and Zurich estates. Duke Burchard II of Swabia finally defeated him in the 919 Battle of Winterthur; both rulers made peace and Rudolph married Burchard's daughter Bertha in 922.

At the same time, Rudolph was asked by several Italian nobles led by Margrave Adalbert I of Ivrea to intervene in Italy on their behalf against Emperor Berengar.

Having entered Italy, he was crowned king at Pavia. In 923, he defeated Berengar at the Battle of Firenzuola; Berengar was murdered the following year, possibly at the instigation of Rudolph. The king then ruled Upper Burgundy and Italy together, residing alternately in both kingdoms.

However, in 926 the Italian nobility turned against him and requested that Hugh of Arles, the effective ruler of Provence (or Lower Burgundy), rule them instead.

Rudolph's father-in-law Duke Burchard II of Swabia came for his support; however, he was attacked and killed near Novara by the henchmen of Archbishop Lambert of Milan. The king returned to Upper Burgundy to protect himself, assuring Hugh's coronation as King of Italy in the process.

At the Diet of Worms, Rudolph rendered the royal symbol of the Holy Lance to the East Frankish king Henry the Fowler in exchange for the Swabian Basel estates.

The two Burgundian kingdoms unified from 933; Rudolph ruled until his death in 937 and was succeeded by his son Conrad.

Rudolph married von Schwaben, Bertha in 922 in Bourgogne, France. Bertha (daughter of von Schwaben, Burchard II and von Sülichgau, Regelinda) was born in 907 in Schwaben, Kelheim, Bayern, Germany; died on 16 Jan 1016 in Bourgogne, France; was buried after 16 Jan 1016 in Payerne Priory, Payerne, Vaud, Switzerland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LHLK-1N5

Family/Spouse: of Henegouwen, Count Raginar II. Raginar (son of of Henegouwen, Duke Renier I and de Hainaut, Countess Alberada) was born in 880 in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; was christened in 880 in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; died in 932 in Andernach, Mayen-Koblenz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany; was buried in 932 in Andernach, Mayen-Koblenz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Vermandois (Historical), Picardie, France; Count of Vermandois
• FSID: KT4G-S84

Notes:

The name of Herbert's wife is UNKNOWN!
THERE IS NO BERTHA DE MORVOIS!

READ THE FOLLOWING:
-- https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/nfravalver.htm#_Toc521223333 --
-- https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/nfravalver.htm#_Toc521223334 --
"THE NAME OF THE WIFE of Comte Héribert is NOT KNOWN. However, a 'Comtesse Liedgardis', different from the daughter of Comte Héribert II, is named who could have been his wife."

-- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_von_Morvois --

"Seit den Untersuchungen von René Louis (1946), Daniel Misonne (1967) und Alain Dierkens (1985) wird die Chronik der Abtei Waulsort jedoch als Fantasiegebilde angesehen, insbesondere, was die genannte Genealogie angeht. Davon betroffen ist dann nicht nur die Ehe Berthas mit Heribert von Vermandois, sondern die Existenz Berthas überhaupt."

Google transaltion:

"However, since the studies by René Louis (1946), Daniel Misonne (1967) and Alain Dierkens (1985), the chronicle of Waulsort Abbey has been seen as A FIGMENT OF IMAGINATION, especially with regard to the genealogical table as constructed. This affects not only Bertha's marriage to Heribert von Vermandois, BUT BERTHA'S EXISTENCE IN GENERAL."

-----

“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“HERIBERT I, Count of Vermandois, with Saint-Quentin and Peronne, and lay abbot of Saint-Quentin, c.896-900/906, Count of Soissons and lay-abbot of Saint-Crepin, before 898-900/906, born about 850. HE MARRIED AN UNIDENTIFIED WIFE. They had one son, Heribert II [Count of Meaux, Soissons, and Vermandois] and one daughter, ___ (wife of Udo, Count of the Wetterau). In 896 he killed Raoul, brother of count Baudoin II. HERIBERT I, Count of Vermandois, was murdered 11 June, between 900 and 6 Nov. 907.
Barthelemy Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Bucilly (1881): 109. Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs D’Amboise (1913): 247-250 (Genealogiæ Comitum Andegavensium). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) V.3. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(1) (1984): 49 (sub Vermandois). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): V.3, VI.3-VI.5. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993). Schwager Graf Heribert ll (1994). Tanner Fams., Friends., & Allies (2004): 308 (Vermandois ped.).”

-----

Research by Friedrich R Wollmershhauser given to Sheldon Wimmer - HERIBERT I. VERMANDOIS, g.ca. 850,  06.11.907. From the Karolinger House, his father Pippin was a grandson of King Bernhard of Italy. Heribert, which is detectable in the sources from 877, was 886/898 Count of Soissons And Lay abbot From Monastery of St. Crispinus In Soissons, 888/889 Count of Meaux And MadrieAnd during this time was together with the Archbishop Fulco Of Reims, one of the leaders of the aristocratic opposition against the new king Odo of Paris, the 888 – 898 the first Robertiner On the French Throne was. On 28 January 893, the anniversary of Charlemagne of the Great Death, crowned Heribert and Fulco Charles the Einfumby, the son Louis the Stammler To the Counter-King, a measure that only succeeded after Odo's death in 898, partly because Odo gradually The party supporters of Charles moved to his side, including finally Heribert, to whom he was the important county in 896 Vermandois Handed. Heribert, after acquiring the Vermandois, expanded his power into the Champagne Without being held accountable by the king. On June 28, 896, he killed the Count during clashes over Vermandois. Rodulfus From the House of Flanders Killed. Like Fulco von Reims, Heribert was commissioned by the Count on 6 November. Baldwin II. Of Flanders, an older brother of Rodulfus, murdered. HERIBERT'S WIFE IS UNKNOWN.

.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Brunonen
• FSID: LBMF-CD4

Notes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liutgard_of_Saxony_(died_885)

Family/Spouse: von Schwaben, Burchard I. Burchard was born in 860 in Swabia (Historical), Germany; died on 5 Nov 911 in Swabia (Historical), Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duke of Saxony
• House: Ottonian
• Nickname: The Illustrious One
• FSID: G98N-1MN
• Life Event: Between 902 and 912, Hersfeld Abbey Bad Hersfeld, Hersfeld-Rotenburg, Hessen, Germany; Abbott

Notes:

Otto I, Duke of Saxony
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
Otto I
Duke of Saxony
Otto I, Duke of Saxony.jpg
Otto I Dux, depiction in the Chronica Sancti Pantaleonis, Cologne (c. 1237
Born c. 830/40
Died 30 November 912
Wallhausen, Saxony
Buried Gandersheim Abbey
Noble family Ottonian dynasty
Spouse(s) Hathui of Babenberg
Issue
Henry the Fowler
Father Liudolf, Duke of Saxony
Mother Oda of Billung
Otto (c. 830/40 – 30 November 912), called the Illustrious (German: Otto der Erlauchte) by later authors, a member of the Ottonian dynasty, was Duke of Saxony from 880 to his death.

Contents
1 Family
2 Reign
3 Notes
4 Sources
Family
Otto was a younger son of the Saxon count Liudolf (d. 866), the progenitor of the dynasty, and his wife Oda (d. 913), daughter of the Saxon princeps Billung. Among his siblings were his elder brother Bruno, heir to their father's estates, and Liutgard, who in 876 became Queen of East Francia as consort of the Carolingian king Louis the Younger. The marriage expressed Liudolf's dominant position in the Saxon lands.

Around 873 Otto himself married Hathui (d. 903), probably daughter of the Frankish princeps militiae Henry of Franconia, a member of the noble House of Babenberg (Popponids). By her he had two sons, Thankmar and Liudolf, who predeceased him, but his third son Henry the Fowler succeeded him as duke of Saxony and was later elected king. Otto's daughter Oda married the Carolingian King Zwentibold of Lotharingia, son of Emperor Arnulf. His family is called the Liudolfinger after his father, upon the accession of his grandson Emperor Otto the Great it then was also called the Ottonian dynasty.

Reign
By a charter of King Louis the Younger to Gandersheim Abbey dated 26 January 877, the pago Suththuringa (region of South Thuringia) is described as in comitatu Ottonis (in Otto's county). He succeeded his brother Bruno after the latter's death in the Battle of Lüneburg Heath (Ebsdorf) on 2 February 880, fighting against the Viking invaders.[1]

Ruling over vast Saxon and Thuringian estates, Otto was mentioned as dux in later sources, while in a contemporary charter of 28 January 897, Otto is described as marchio and the pago Eichesfelden (Eichsfeld) is now found to be within his county (march). He was also the lay abbot of Hersfeld Abbey in 908 and fifty years later was described as magni ducis Oddonis (great duke Otto) by the chronicler Widukind of Corvey when describing the marriage of his sister Liutgard to King Louis.

Despite his dynastic relations, Otto only had loose connections to the Carolingian court and rarely left Saxony. He remained a regional East Frankish prince and his overlords, Louis the Younger and Emperor Arnulf, with both of whom he was on good terms, rarely interfered in Saxon autonomy. In his lands, Otto was prince in practice and he also established himself as a tributary ruler over the neighbouring Slavic tribes in the east, such as the Daleminzi.

According to Widukind of Corvey, the "Saxon and Franconian people" offered Otto the kingship of East Francia after the death of the last Carolingian monarch Louis the Child in 911. He did, however, not accept it on account of his advanced age, instead suggesting Duke Conrad of Franconia. The truthfulness of this report is considered doubtful.[2]

The next year, Otto died at the Pfalz of Wallhausen. He was buried in the church of Gandersheim Abbey.

Buried:
Gandersheim Abbey

Otto married von Babenberg, Hedwiga in 870 in Sachsen, Germany. Hedwiga (daughter of von Babenberg, Margrave Heinrich and of Fruili, Ingeltrude) was born on 10 Oct 853 in Babenberg Castle, Holzkirchen, Miesbach, Bayern, Germany; died on 24 Dec 903 in Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; was buried after 24 Dec 903 in Stiftskirche Gandersheim, Bad Gandersheim, Northeim, Niedersachsen, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: L8TG-1DR

Notes:

Hedwiga (also known as Hathui; c.?850/55-24 December 903), a member of the Elder House of Babenberg (Popponids), was Duchess of Saxony from about 880 until her death, by her marriage with the Liudolfing duke Otto the Illustrious. She is the mother of King

Hedwiga married of Saxony, Otto I in 870 in Sachsen, Germany. Otto (son of von Sachsen, Liudolf and Billung, Oda) was born in 830 in Sachsen, Germany; died on 30 Nov 912 in Wallhausen, Sangerhausen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; was buried after 30 Nov 912 in Bad Gandersheim, Northeim, Niedersachsen, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Artois, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; Count of Artois
• Appointments / Titles: Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; Count of Boulogne
• Appointments / Titles: Count of Ternois
• Appointments / Titles: Margrave of Flanders
• House: House of Flanders
• FSID: LDHS-DWJ

Notes:

"Baldwin II was the second margrave of Flanders, ruling from 879 to 918. He was nicknamed the Bald (Calvus) after his maternal grandfather, King Charles the Bald."

"Baldwin II was born around 865 to Baldwin I of Flanders and Judith of Flanders, the great-granddaughter of Charlemagne."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_II,_Margrave_of_Flanders
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baudouin_II_de_Flandre

[NB: Information sourced from Wikipedia is subject to change by third-parties. Follow the URL(s) noted above to review the latest content.]

.

Baldwin married of Flanders, Princess Ælfthryth in 890. Ælfthryth (daughter of of Wessex, King Alfred and of Mercia, Queen Eathswith) was born in 877 in Kingdom of Wessex (England); died on 7 Jun 929 in Gent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; was buried on 7 Jun 929 in St Peter's Abbey, Gent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: The Simple
• Nickname: The Simple
• FSID: LCDM-9D5

Notes:

Charles III, also called Charles the Simple and Charles the Straightforward, was the son of Louis the Stammerer and his second wife Adelaide of Paris. Charles was born on 17 September 879, 5 months after the death of his father Louis in Compiegne on 10 April 879.
In 875 Charles mother Adelaide had displaced Louis first wife of 13 years. Charles the Bald had not approved of the first marriage, had it annulled by the Pope, and arranged the marriage of Adelaide and Louis. After Louis' death his first wife, in and attempt to protect the inheritance of her own children, accused Charles mother Adelaide of adultery, bringing Charles parentage into question. After a long and difficult process Charles was finally confirmed as the only legitimate heir of Louis, and heir to the throne. Charles was but and infant, however, and unable to ascend any throne. His older half brothers took joint control of the throne and kept it until their death. Ranulf II, the Duke of Aquitaine, became the guardian of young Charles, and may have tried to claim the throne for him, but in the end used the royal title himself.

In 893, 14 year old Charles was crowned King of West Francia at the Reims Cathedral by Aquitainian nobles who opposed the rule of Odo. He was not able to truly claim the throne until Odo's death and when he finally succeeded to his father's throne in 898 his mother assisted in crowning him.

Charles reign of 24 years was filled with battles to keep his throne.

Charles married twice. His first marriage was in May 907 to Frederuna, daughter of Dietrich, Count in the Hamaland. They had six daughters:
-Ermentrude
-Frederuna
-Adelaide
-Gisela, wife of Rollo
-Rotrude
-Hildegarde

Next in 919 Charles married Eadgifu of Wessex, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of the Anglo-Saxons. Together they had one son:
Louis IV of France (10 September 920–10 September 954), who eventually succeeded to the throne of West Francia in 936

Charles also had several other offspring:
-Arnulf
-Drogo
-Rorice († 976), Bishop of Laon
-Alpais, who married Erlebold, count of Lommegau

In 922 Charles III was deposed and, after being defeated at the Battle of Soissons in 923, he was taken prisoner by Count Herbert II of Vermandois. Imprissoned first at Château-Thierry, then in Péronne, Charles the Simple died there on 7 October 929 and was immediately buried in the local Monastery of Saint-Fursy. His son Louis was now the legitimate Carolingian heir. When Charles was captured in 923 Eadgifu took baby Louis to England to the protection of her half-brother, King Æthelstan of England. In 936 the nobility of France requested Louis return to France and succeed to the throne. 15 year old Louis did so with the support of Hugh the Great. Thus although deposed, Charles son Louis still ascended to his throne
-----------------
“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).”

Charles married of Wessex, Eadgifu in 919. Eadgifu (daughter of of Wessex, King Edward and of Wiltshire, Ælfflæd) was born in 910 in Fordingbridge, Hampshire, England; died in 954 in Soissons, Aisne, Picardie, France; was buried in 955 in Cathedral of St. Maurice, Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LHTH-XJT

Notes:

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermentrude_(fille_de_Louis_le_B%C3%A8gue)

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Regent of Bavaria during minority of son Henry the Wrangler
• House: Liutpolding
• FSID: GMJ7-4VN

Notes:

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ITALY,%20Kings%20to%20962.htm#Ermengardisdied896

Ermengarde is the second daughter of the Western Emperor Louis II the Younger and Engelberge.

Ermengarde (852 / 855-896 in Vienna 1 ) is the second daughter of the Western Emperor Louis II the Younger and Engelberge .

Summary
1 Biography
1.1 Boson's wife
1.2 Regent of the Kingdom of Provence
2 Offspring
3 Notes and references
4 See as well
4.1 Sources and bibliography
4.2 external links
Biography
Boson's wife
In 876 , she married, Duke Boson V of Provence - with Ermengarde, a branch of the Carolingians was founded in the Bosonides - and gave him two daughters and a son, Louis , future emperor of the West .

In May 878 , Pope John VIII, threatened by the Saracens and Italian nobles, took refuge in Arles with her and her husband, Duke Boson.

After the coup d'état of Boson in October 879 , she participated in the defense of Provence against the attempts of the Carolingian kings to reconquer . At the end of 880 , she successfully defended the city of Vienne , in the Rhône valley , capital of the kingdom of Burgondia that her husband Boson had tried to restore, and besieged by the troops of the alliance of the Carolingian kings Charles III the Fat , Louis III of France and Carloman II of France .

In August 881 , during the second siege of Vienna , the troops of Charles III the Fat , newly elected West Germanic Emperor , succeeded in taking the city which was pillaged and burned down. Richard the Justice , brother of Boson, then takes under his protection his sister-in-law and his niece and takes them to Autun , while her husband Boson takes refuge in Provence.

His genealogy on the FMG website [ archive ]
René Poupardin , The Kingdom of Provence under the Carolingians , p. 162-163.
See also
Sources and bibliography
René Poupardin , The Kingdom of Provence under the Carolingians , Lafitte Reprints, 1974.
External links
Notices in general dictionaries or encyclopedias :Dizionario biografico degli italiani [ archive ]Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana [ archive ]
(en) Charles Cawley, “ Italy, emperors & kings - Chapter 4. Kins of Italy 774-887 (Carolingians) ” [ archive ] , at fmg.ac/MedLands (Foundation for Medieval Genealogy) (consulted inapril 2020) , including the dedicated leaflet [ archive ]

Ermengarde married de Provence, Boson in 876. Boson (son of of Gorze, Bivin and d'Arles, Dame Richilde) was born in 841 in Metz, Haute-Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 11 Jan 887 in Vienne, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; was buried after 11 Jan 887 in Vienne, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Count of Hainaut
• Appointments / Titles: Count of Henegouwen
• Appointments / Titles: Count of Maasgau
• Appointments / Titles: Duke of Lorraine
• Appointments / Titles: Duke of Lothringen
• House: House of Reginar
• FSID: L8YG-8PB

Notes:

Reginar Longneck
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Reginar Longneck
Duke of Lorraine
Count of Hainaut
Died 915
Noble family House of Reginar
Spouse(s) Hersinda
Alberada

Issue
Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine
Reginar II, Count of Hainaut
Frederick, Archbishop of Mainz[citation needed]

Reginar Longneck or Reginar I (c. 850 – 915), Latin: Rainerus or Ragenerus Longicollus, was a leading nobleman in the kingdom of Lotharingia, variously described in contemporary sources with the titles of count, margrave, missus dominicus and duke. He stands at the head of a Lotharingian dynasty known to modern scholarship as the Reginarids, because of their frequent use of the name "Reginar".

Background
Reginar was probably the son of Gilbert, count of the Maasgau, and a daughter of Lothair I whose name is not known (Hiltrude, Bertha, Irmgard, and Gisela are candidate names). In an 877 charter in the Capitulary of Quierzy, he possibly already appears as "Rainerus", alongside his probable father as one of the regents of the kingdom during Charles the Bald's absence on campaign in Italy.[1]

Career
Reginar was lay abbot of important abbeys stretching from the Maas to the Moselle through the Ardennes, Saint-Servais in Maastricht, Echternach, Stavelot-Malmedy, and Saint-Maximin in Trier. All these abbeys lay on or near the boundary negotiated between the Eastern and Western Frankish kingdoms in the Treaty of Meerssen in 870, during a period when the Western Kingdom controlled much of Lotharingia. In Echternach, he was referred to as "Rainerus iunior" because the lay abbot before him, a probable relative, had the same name.

Reginar's secular titles and activities are mainly only known from much later sources which are considered to be of uncertain reliability. Dudo of Saint-Quentin, in describing the great deeds of the early Normans, calls Reginar I (who, along with a prince of the Frisians named Radbod, was an opponent of Rollo, the founder of Normandy) a duke of both Hainaut and Hesbaye.[2] Centuries later William of Jumièges, and then later still, Alberic de Trois Fontaines followed Dudo using the same titles when describing the same events. He was variously referred to as duke, count, marquis, missus dominicus, but historians doubt that these titles were connected to a particular territory. That he called himself a duke is known from a charter at Stavelot 21 July 905, but this was during a period when Gebhard was duke of Lotharingia.[3]

Reginar was originally a supporter of Zwentibold in 895, but he broke with the king in 898. He and some other magnates who had been key to Zwentibold's election three years earlier then took the opportunity provided by the death of Odo of France to invite Charles the Simple to become king in Lotharingia. His lands were confiscated, but he refused to give them up and entrenched himself at Durfost, downstream from Maastricht. Representatives of Charles, Zwentibold, and the Emperor Arnulf met at Sankt Goar and determined that the succession should go to Louis the Child. Zwentibold was killed by Reginar in battle in August 900.

Louis appointed Gebhard as his duke in Lotharingia. In 908, Reginar recuperated Hainaut after the death of Sigard. Then, after the death of Gebhard in 910, in battle with the Magyars, Reginar led the magnates in opposing Conrad I of Germany and electing Charles the Simple their king. He never appears as the duke of Lorraine, but he was probably the military commander of the region under Charles. He was succeeded by his son Gilbert; however, the Reginarids did not succeed in establishing their supremacy in Lotharingia like the Liudolfings or Liutpoldings did in the duchies of Saxony and Bavaria.

Family
By his wife Alberada, who predeceased him and was probably a second wife, Reginar left the following children:

Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine
Reginar II, Count of Hainaut
a daughter, who married Berengar, Count of Namur

Family/Spouse: de Hainaut, Countess Alberada. Alberada (daughter of de Hainaut, Comte Alban II and de Namur, Hildeberge) was born in 854 in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; died in 916 in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; was buried in 916 in Champagne-Ardenne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Arles
• Appointments / Titles: Margravine of Tuscany
• House: Carolingian
• FSID: LYZB-L4Y

Notes:

Bertha, daughter of Lothair II
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bertha (863-8 – March 925 in Lucca) was countess of Arles by marriage to Theobald of Arles, and margravine of Tuscany by marriage to Adalbert II of Tuscany. She served as regent of Lucca and Tuscany from 915 until 916 during the minority of her son Guy of Tuscany. She was described as beautiful, spirited, and courageous, and her influence over her spouse was, coupled with ambition, attributed to have involved her husbands in many wars.

She was the second illegitimate daughter of Lothair II, King of Lotharingia, by his concubine Waldrada.[1]

Life
Between 879 and 880, Bertha married her first husband, Theobald of Arles. A Bosonid, his father was Hucbert. Hucbert's brother-in-law was Lothair II.

Bertha is also known for her curious correspondence to Caliph al-Muktafi in 906, in which she described herself rather grandly as "Queen of the Franks." Bertha's letter is of interest in that she appears to have little knowledge of Baghdad politics or culture, and it is for this reason that details of her correspondence were recorded by one of the Muslim chroniclers. Bertha was seeking a marriage alliance between herself and the Emir of Sicily, unaware that al-Mukfati had little influence over the Aghlabid colony in Sicily. Moreover, the letter was written in a language unfamiliar to the Caliph's translators, and the accompanying gifts (among them a multicoloured woollen coat) which no doubt indicated largesse on Bertha's part, were unlikely to have impressed al-Muktafi beyond their novelty value.[2]

After the death of Adalbert II in 915, her son Guy became count and duke of Lucca and margrave of Tuscany. Bertha, as his mother, was his regent. She stepped down from regency in 916.

Bertha died on 8 March 925 in Lucca.

Issue
Bertha and Theobald of Arles had four children with :

Hugh (882 – 10 April 947);[3]
Boso (885–936)
Theutberga of Arles (890–948), married Warner, viscount of Sens[4]
An unknown daughter (d. after 924)
Bertha and Adalbert II of Tuscany had three children:

Guy (d. 3 February 929);[5]
Lambert (d. after 938);
Ermengarde (d. 932).

Bertha married d'Arles, Théobald in 880 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. Théobald (son of d'Arles, Hucbert and d'Arles, Andaberta) was born on 5 Jan 850 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; died in Jun 895 in Orbé, Deux-Sèvres, Poitou-Charentes, France; was buried in Jun 895 in Cathedral of Lucca, Lucca, Lucca, Toscana, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; 5th Count
• Appointments / Titles: 5th Count of Angoulême - "Comte d'Angoulême"
• Appointments / Titles: Périgueux, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France; Count of Périgueux
• FSID: GM68-KDF

Notes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulgrin_I_of_Angoul%C3%AAme
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgrin_Ier_d%27Angoul%C3%AAme
http://racineshistoire.free.fr/LGN/PDF/Angouleme.pdf

Wulgrin married de Toulouse, Roselinde Guilhelmide in 865 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Roselinde (daughter of de Poitiers, Bernhard II and du Maine, Blichilde) was born in 842 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrénées, France; died on 5 Mar 886 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GDWG-4RQ

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9HP6-RVT
• Appointments / Titles: Between 866 and 890; Count of Poitiers
• Appointments / Titles: 887; Duke of Aquitaine

Notes:

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramnulf_II_de_Poitiers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranulf_II_of_Aquitaine

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LDSQ-N44
• Appointments / Titles: Between 864 and 869, Auvergne, France; Count of Aquitaine and the Auvergne, Marquis of Gothie, Count of Autun, Count of Rodez

Notes:

geni.com
Bernard "Plantapilosa", Count of Toulouse
Occitan: Bernat «Plantapeluda», comte d'Auvèrnhe, Catalan: Bernat «Plantapilosa», comte d'Alvèrnia, French: Bernard «Plantevelue», comte d'Auvergne, Spanish: Bernardo «Plantapilosa», condado de Tolosa, Latin: Bernardus, Count of Toulouse
Birthdate: March 22, 841
Birthplace: Uzès, Gard, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
Death: between circa June 20, 885 and circa August 16, 886 (40-49)
Immediate Family:

Son of Bernard I, duc de Septimanie and Duoda De Gascogne

Husband of Ava d'Auvergne and Ermengarde

Father of
Hector d'Auvergne;
Adelinde d'Auvergne;
Raculf, Vicomte de Mâcon;
Guillaume I the Pious, Count of Auvergne & Duke of Aquitaine;
Warin; and
Ava « less

Brother of William of Septimania; Roselinde Guilhemide and Sancia de Septimanie, Comtessa d'Agen

Family/Spouse: d'Auvergne, Ermengarde. Ermengarde was born in 845 in France; died in 881 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: d'Auvergne, Ava. Ava was born in 840 in France; died in DECEASED. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GS6B-63C
• Appointments / Titles: 866; Countess de Périgord

Notes:

"Wulgrin married Regelindis (Roselinde), a daughter of Bernard of Septimania."
-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulgrin_I_of_Angoulême --

"He marries Regelinde, sister of Guillaume de Toulouse, daughter of Bernard de Septimanie and his wife Dhuoda, who brings him the county of Agen as a dowry. The last example of a royal will imposing an administrator on a region, he transmits his titles and property pertaining thereto to his children."
-- https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgrin_Ier_d%27Angoul%C3%AAme --

Roselinde married de Taillefer, Wulgrin I in 865 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. Wulgrin (son of de Flavigny, Wulfhard and de Paris, Suzanne) was born in 828 in Avanton, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France; died on 3 May 886 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Welf
• FSID: LDSH-S6J
• Religion: Roman Catholic
• Appointments / Titles: Between 937 and 993; King of Bourgogne

Notes:

Conrad I, called the Peaceful (French: Conrad le Pacifique; German: Konrad der Friedfertige), a member of the Elder House of Welf, was King of Burgundy from 937 until his death.

Son of King Rudolph II, and his consort Bertha, a daughter of Duke Burchard II of Swabia.

Also known as Conrad III, since he was the third Conrad in his family: his great-grandfather was Duke Conrad II, whose father was Count Conrad I.

According to chronicler Ekkehard IV, in a story that is probably apocryphal, when Conrad learned that both the Magyars and the Saracens of Fraxinetum were marching against him, he sent envoys to both armies warning them of the other. The envoys offered Burgundian aid to each invader against the other and then informed them of the other's whereabouts. When the Magyars and Saracens met, the Burgundians held back and only attacked when the opposing forces were spent. In this way, both invading armies were destroyed and the captives sold into slavery.

He married -

Adelaide of Bellay.
Gisela - married to Henry II, Duke of Bavaria

Matilda
Bertha (964 – 16 January 1016), married Odo I, Count of Blois/ Robert II of France
Matilda (969), possibly married Robert, Count of Geneva
Rudolph III
Gerberga (born 965), married Herman II, Duke of Swabia[5]

By his concubine, Aldiud, he had a son:
Burchard, Archbishop of Lyons[6]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Burgundy

Conrad married de France, Mathilde in 955 in Germany. Mathilde (daughter of of the West Franks, King Louis IV and von Sachsen, Queen of France Gerberga) was born in 943 in Laon, Aisne, Picardie, France; died on 26 Nov 982 in Vermandois (Historical), Picardie, France; was buried after 26 Nov 982 in Wien, Wien, Wien, Austria. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Count of Henegouwen
• Appointments / Titles: Count of Lorraine
• House: Reginar
• FSID: LDSS-26H
• Appointments / Titles: Between 940 and 958; Count of Hainaut

Notes:

Reginar III, Count of Hainaut
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Reignar III
Count of Hainaut
Born Brabant
Died before 973
Bohemia
Noble family Reginar
Spouse(s) Adela
Issue
Reginar IV, Count of Mons
Lambert I of Leuven
Father Reginar II, Count of Hainaut
Mother Adelaide of Burgundy
Reginar III (c. 920 – 973) was a Count of Hainaut from approximately 940 until his exile in 958.

He was the son of Reginar II, Count of Hainaut.

He took part in the rebellion of his uncle Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine. When Gilbert was killed in 939, Reginar had to pledge fealty to King Otto the Great.[citation needed]

He then allied himself with King Louis IV of France, but King Otto sent duke Hermann of Swabia to quell the rebels in 944.[1]

Otto appointed Conrad the Red as duke of Lotharingia, who tried to diminish the power of Reginar. However, when Conrad rose against Otto, Reginar supported him. In an anarchic situation, Reginar appropriated the dowry of Gerberga of Saxony, Otto's sister and mother of the French king, and also church property.

In 957, Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne, who had also been appointed duke of Lotharingia, restored order and defeated Reginar.

As Reginar refused to submit, he was exiled to Bohemia, where he died before 973.

References

Family/Spouse: van Leuven, Countess Adele. Adele was born in 929 in Dabo, Moselle, Lorraine, France; was christened in 929 in Ringelheim, Salzgitter, Niedersachsen, Germany; died on 9 Sep 966 in Hainaut, Belgium; was buried on 9 Sep 966 in Hainaut, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Carolingian
• FSID: LBBB-4XS

Notes:

Herbert II of Vermandois was the son of Herbert I of Vermandois, born circa 880. He succeeded his father as Count of Vermandois, Count of Meaux, and Count of Soissons, in 907. Herbert II was the first to exercise power over the territory that became the province of Champagne.

Herbert married Adele (Adela), daughter of King Robert I of France, and together they had the following children:
- Luitgarde (–978), m. William I, Duke of Normandy and Theobald I of Blois
- Adela (910–960), m. Count Arnulf I of Flanders
- Eudes (915–946)
- Hugh (920–962), Archbishop of Reims
- Adalbert I (c. 915–987), m. Gerberge of Lorraine
- Robert (925 - 975), Count of Meaux and Châlons
- Herbert III of Omois (Herbert the Old) (–980) m. Eadgifu of Wessex, widow of King Charles III King
- Guy I (d. 986), Count of Soissons

Herbert was of the House of Carolingian, a descendant of Charlemagne, as was his wife Adele, giving their children the Carolingian heritage on both sides.

Herbert participated in the overthrow of King Charles III of France. In 923 he captured and imprisoned King Charles, who died still a captive in 929. Charles wife, Queen Eadgifu, and their young son Louis were forced to flee to the safety of her family in England. By 936 that son had returned to France and was crowned King Louis IV. Ironically Eadgifu, the widow of King Charles later married Herbert's son Herbert III of Omois.

In 925 Herbert acquired the archbishopric of Rheims for his second son Hugh, with the help of King Rudolph. Six year old Hugh was confirmed in this position by Pope John X in 926 and sent to Auxerre to study.
In 926 Herbert demanded the Countship of Laon for his oldest son Eudes, after Count Roger I of Laon had died. King Rudolph denied him and Herbert seized Laon in defiance, setting in motion a feud that resulted in the loss of all of his properties and titles, as well as those of his sons. With the assistance of King Henry the Fowler, Herbert submitted to King Rudolph in 934 and all his properties, except for Rheims and Laon, were restored to him.

Herbert II died on 23 February 943 at Saint-Quentin, Aisne (the capital of the county of Vermandois). His estates and territories were divided among his sons:
Adalbert I succeeded him as Count of Vermandois
Guy I as Count of Soissons
Robert as Count of Meaux
Herbert the Old as Count of Omois

Herbert of Omois died without children his titles going to his nephews, on Robert's death, Adalbert's son Herbert III inherited all. Herbert III's only son Stephen died childless in 1019–20 thus ending the male line of Herbert II.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_II_de_Vermandois
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_II,_Count_of_Vermandois

“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“HERIBERT II, Count of Meaux, Soissons, and Vermandois and lay-abbot of Saint-Crépin and Saint-Médard of Soissons, 900/907-943, born about 880. He married ___ OF FRANCE, daughter of Robert I, King of France, by his wife, Aelis. They had five sons, Eudes [Count of Vienne and Amiens], Heribert [Count of Omois and Troyes], Robert [Count of Troyes and Meaux], Albert (I) [Count of Vermandois], and Hugues [Archbishop of Reims], and two daughters, Adèle and Ligard (or Luitgard, Ledgarde) (wife of Guillaume I, Duke of Normandy, and Thibaut I, Count of Blois and Chartres). HERIBERT II, Count of Vermandois, etc., died 23 Feb. 943, and was buried at Saint-Quentin.
Martin & Jacob Histoire de Soissons 1 (1837): 370-371. Étienne-Gallois La Champagne et les derniers Carlovingiens (1853): 139-145. Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913): 247-250 (Genealogiæ Comitum Andegavensium). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) VI 3, VII 5. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(1) (1984): 49 (sub Vermandois). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): VI.3, VII.1-VII.7. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993). Schwager Graf Heribert II (1994). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 308 (Vermandois ped).
Children of Heribert II de Vermandois, by ___ of France:
i. ROBERT, Count of Troyes and Meaux [see next].
ii. ADELE DE VERMANDOIS, married ARNULF (or ARNOUL) I the Great or the Old, Count/Marquis of

Family/Spouse: de France, Adela. Adela (daughter of de France, Robert I and du Maine, Aélis) was born in 898 in France; died in DECEASED in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Count of Raetia
• House: Hunfridings
• FSID: L811-5PV
• Religion: Waldkirch, Emmendingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Founded the convent of St Margarethen in Waldkirch
• Appointments / Titles: Between 917 and 926, Swabia (Historical), Germany; Duke of Swabia

Notes:

Burchard II (883-29 April 926) was the Hunfriding Duke of Swabia (from 917) and Count of Raetia. He was the son of Burchard I of Swabia and Liutgard of Saxony.

Burchard took part in the early wars over Swabia. His family being from Franconia, he founded the monastery of St Margarethen in Waldkirch to extend his family's influence into the Rhineland. On his father's arrest and execution for high treason in 911, he and his wife, Regelinda, daughter of Count Eberhard I of Zürich, went to Italy: either banished by Count Erchanger or voluntarily exiling themselves to their relatives over the Alps. Around 913, Burchard returned from exile and took control over his father's property. In 915, he joined Erchanger and Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria, in battle against the Magyars. Then Burchard and Erchanger turned on King Conrad I and, at the Battle of Wahlwies in the Hegau, defeated him. Erchanger was proclaimed duke.

After Erchanger was killed on 21 January 917, Burchard seized all his lands and was recognised universally as duke. In 919, King Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy seized the county of Zürich and invaded the region of Konstanz, then the centre and practical capital of the Swabian duchy. At Winterthur, however, Rudolph was defeated by Burchard, who thus consolidated the duchy and forced on the king his own territorial claims. In that same year, he recognised the newly elected king of Germany, Henry the Fowler, duke of Saxony. Henry in turn gave Burchard rights of taxation and investiture of bishops and abbots in his duchy.

In 922, Burchard married his daughter Bertha to Rudolph and affirmed the peace of three years prior. Burchard then accompanied Rudolph into Italy when he was elected king by opponents of the Emperor Berengar. In 924, the emperor died and Hugh of Arles was elected by his partisans to oppose Rudolph. Burchard attacked Novara, defended by the troops of Lambert, Archbishop of Milan. There he was killed, probably on April 29. His widow, Regelinda (d. 958), remarried to Burchard's successor, Herman I. She had given him five children:

1.) Gisela (c. 905-26 October 923 or 925), abbess of Waldkirch

2.) Hicha (c. 905-950), whose son was Conrad, Duke of Lorraine

3.) Burchard III (c. 915-1 November 973), later duke of Swabia

4.) Bertha (c. 907 -2 January 961), married Rudolph II, King of Burgundy

5.) Adalric (d. 973), monk in Einsiedeln Abbey

Burchard married von Sülichgau, Regelinda in 904. Regelinda was born in 888 in Sülichgau (Historical), Tubingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; died in 959 in Insel Ufenau, Zürich, Switzerland; was buried in 959 in Kilianskappelle auf der Reichenau, Konstanz, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duchess of Lotharingia
• FSID: LB2S-623

Notes:

-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oda_of_Saxony --

Oda of Saxony was a Saxon princess. SHE WAS THE DAUGHTER OF Otto I, Duke of Saxony (G98N-1MN) and Hedwiga of Babenberg (L8TG-1DR). She married King Zwentibold of Lotharingia and at his death in August 900 (when Oda was younger than 15), she contracted a SECOND MARRIAGE with Gerhard I of Metz (9CD1-KW4). From this union were born:

~ Wigfried, abbot of St. Ursula in Cologne, and then archbishop of Cologne from 924 to 953.
~ Oda (Uda) of Metz (d. aft. 18 May 963), married Gozlin, Count of Bidgau and Methingau (d. 942).[2]
~ A daughter of name unknown.
~ Godfrey, count of the Jülichgau.

-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oda_of_Saxony --

Oda married of Metz, Gerhard I after 13 Aug 900. Gerhard (son of of Metz, Adalhard) was born in 875; died on 22 Jun 910. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of East Francia, König des Ostfrankenreiches, King of Eastern Franconia, Duke of Saxony, Duc de Saxe, Herzog von Sachsen
• House: Ottonian
• Life Event: Henry the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Vogler or Heinrich der Finkler; Latin: Henricus Auceps) (aprox. 876 – 2 July 936) was the Duke of Saxony from 912[1] and the King of East Francia from 919 until his death in 936. As the first non-Frankish king of East Francia, he established the Ottonian dynasty of kings and emperors, and he is generally considered to be the founder of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet \"the Fowler\" because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king. He was born into the Liudolfing line of Saxon dukes. His father Otto I of Saxony died in 912 and was succeeded by Henry. The new duke launched a rebellion against the king of East Francia, Conrad I of Germany, over the rights to lands in the Duchy of Thuringia. They reconciled in 915 and on his deathbed in 918, Conrad recommended Henry as the next king, considering the duke the only one who could hold the kingdom together in the face of internal revolts and external Magyar raids. Henry was elected and crowned king in 919. He went on to defeat the rebellious dukes of Bavaria and Swabia, consolidating his rule. Through successful warfare and a dynastic marriage, Henry acquired Lotharingia as a vassal in 925. Unlike his Carolingian predecessors, Henry did not seek to create a centralized monarchy, ruling through federated autonomous stem duchies instead. Henry built an extensive system of fortifications and mobile heavy cavalry across Germany to neutralize the Magyar threat and in 933 routed them at the Battle of Riade, ending Magyar attacks for the next 21 years and giving rise to a sense of German nationhood. Henry greatly expanded German hegemony in Europe with his defeat of the Slavs in 929 at the Battle of Lenzen along the Elbe river, by compelling the submission of Duke Wenceslaus I of Bohemia through an invasion of the Duchy of Bohemia the same year and by conquering Danish realms in Schleswig in 934. Henry\'s hegemonic status north of the Alps was acknowledged by the kings Rudolph of West Francia and Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy, who both accepted a place of subordination as allies in 935. Henry planned an expedition to Rome to be crowned emperor by the pope, but the design was thwarted by his death. Henry prevented a collapse of royal power, as had happened in West Francia, and left a much stronger kingdom to his successor Otto I He was buried at Quedlinburg Abbey, established by his wife Matilda in his honour. Born in Memleben, in what is now Saxony-Anhalt, Henry was the son of Otto the Illustrious, Duke of Saxony, and his wife Hedwiga, who was probably the daughter of Henry of Franconia. In 906 he married Hatheburg of Merseburg, daughter of the Saxon count Erwin. She had previously been a nun. The marriage was annulled in 909 because her vows as a nun were deemed by the church to remain valid. She had already given birth to Henry\'s son Thankmar. The annulment placed a question mark over Thankmar\'s legitimacy. Later that year he married Matilda, daughter of Dietrich of Ringelheim, Count in Westphalia. Matilda bore him three sons, one called Otto, and two daughters, Hedwig and Gerberga, and founded many religious institutions, including the Quedlinburg Abbey where Henry is buried. She was later canonized. As the first Saxon king of East Francia, Henry was the founder of the Ottonian dynasty. He and his descendants ruled East Francia, and later the Holy Roman Empire, from 919 until 1024. Henry had two wives and at least six children: With Hatheburg: - Thankmar (908–938)[2] – rebelled against his half-brother Otto and was killed in battle in 938 With Matilda: - Hedwig (910–965) – wife of West Francia\'s powerful Robertian duke Hugh the Great, mother of Hugh Capet, King of West Francia - Otto I (912–973) – Duke of Saxony, King of East Francia and Holy Roman Emperor. In 929 Henry married Otto to Eadgyth, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of Wessex - Gerberga (913–984) – wife of (1) Duke Gilbert of Lotharingia and (2) King Louis IV of France - Henry I (919–955) – Duke of Bavaria - Bruno (925–965) – Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia and regent of West Francia. Henry became Duke of Saxony after his father\'s death in 912. An able ruler, he continued to strengthen the position of his duchy within the weakening kingdom of East Francia, and was frequently in conflict with his neighbors to the South in the Duchy of Franconia. On 23 December 918 Conrad I, king of East Francia and Franconian duke, died. Although Henry had rebelled against Conrad I between 912 and 915 over the lands in Thuringia, Conrad recommended Henry as his successor. Kingship now changed from the Franks to the Saxons, who had suffered greatly during the conquests of Charlemagne and were proud of their identity. Henry, as Saxon, was the first non-Frank on the throne. Conrad\'s choice was conveyed by his brother, duke Eberhard III of Franconia at the Imperial Diet of Fritzlar in 919. The assembled Franconian and Saxon nobles elected Henry to be king with other regional dukes not participating in the election. Archbishop Heriger of Mainz offered to anoint Henry according to the usual ceremony, but he refused – the only king of his time not to undergo that rite – allegedly because he wished to be king not by the church\'s but by the people\'s acclaim. Henry, who was elected to kingship by only the Saxons and Franconians at Fritzlar, had to subdue the other dukes. Duke Burchard II of Swabia soon swore fealty to the new king, but when he died, Henry appointed a noble from Franconia to be the new duke. Duke Arnulf of Bavaria, lord over a realm of impressive extent, with de facto powers of a king and at times even named so in documents, proved a much harder nut to crack. He would not submit until Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921. In Bavaria Duke Arnulf declared himself king in 919. Henry besieged Arnulf\'s residence at Ratisbon and forced the duke into submission. In 921 Arnulf renounced the crown and submitted to Henry while maintaining significant autonomy and the right to mint his own coins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler
• Life Event: King Henry, of Saxon heritage, was the first non-Frank to occupy the throne of Francia (Franconia)
• FSID: 9C72-WGJ
• Appointments / Titles: Between 30 Nov 912 and 2 Jul 936; Duke of Saxony
• Appointments / Titles: Between 919 and 936; King of the East of France (König des Ostfrankenreiches)
• Life Event: May 919; Archbishop Heriger of Mainz was to anoint Henry king as had become customary, however, Henry refused, the only king of his time not to undergo that rite, allegedly because he wished to be king not by the church\'s but by the people\'s acclaim.
• Life Event: Between 24 May 919 and 2 Jul 936; Designated as king by his predecessor Conrad the Younger, Henry became king in 919 and ruler nearly 17 years, until his death, at which time his son Otto succeeded him.

Notes:

Considered the first King of Germany (the first Saxon king of East Francia) Henry was the founder of the Ottonian dynasty. He and his descendants ruled East Francia, and later the Holy Roman Empire, from 919 until 1024.

Henry the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Vogler or Heinrich der Finkler; Latin: Henricus Auceps) (876 – 2 July 936) was the Duke of Saxony from 912 and the King of East Francia from 919 until his death in 936. As the first non-Frankish king of East Francia, he established the Ottonian dynasty of kings and emperors, and he is generally considered to be the founder of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler" because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.

He was born into the Liudolfing line of Saxon dukes. His father Otto I of Saxony died in 912 and was succeeded by Henry. The new duke launched a rebellion against the king of East Francia, Conrad I of Germany, over the rights to lands in the Duchy of Thuringia. They reconciled in 915 and on his deathbed in 918, Conrad recommended Henry as the next king, considering the duke the only one who could hold the kingdom together in the face of internal revolts and external Magyar raids.

Henry was elected and crowned king in 919. He went on to defeat the rebellious dukes of Bavaria and Swabia, consolidating his rule. Through successful warfare and a dynastic marriage, Henry acquired Lotharingia as a vassal in 925. Unlike his Carolingian predecessors, Henry did not seek to create a centralized monarchy, ruling through federated autonomous stem duchies instead. Henry built an extensive system of fortifications and mobile heavy cavalry across Germany to neutralize the Magyar threat and in 933 routed them at the Battle of Riade, ending Magyar attacks for the next 21 years and giving rise to a sense of German nationhood. Henry greatly expanded German hegemony in Europe with his defeat of the Slavs in 929 at the Battle of Lenzen along the Elbe river, by compelling the submission of Duke Wenceslaus I of Bohemia through an invasion of the Duchy of Bohemia the same year and by conquering Danish realms in Schleswig in 934. Henry's hegemonic status north of the Alps was acknowledged by the kings Rudolph of West Francia and Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy, who both accepted a place of subordination as allies in 935. Henry planned an expedition to Rome to be crowned emperor by the pope, but the design was thwarted by his death. Henry prevented a collapse of royal power, as had happened in West Francia, and left a much stronger kingdom to his successor Otto I. He was buried at Quedlinburg Abbey, established by his wife Matilda in his honour.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_I._(Ostfrankenreich)

Heinrich Himmler believed he was Henry the Fowler reincarnated; On 2 July 1936 Himmler commemorated the 1000th anniversary of Henry's death with a ceremony at his crypt and in 1937 had Henry's remains interred in a new sarcophagus.

Succeeded his father, Otto I of Saxony, in 912 to become Duke of Saxony and reigned until his death at which time his son Otto succeeded him.

Heinrich married von Ringelheim, Saint Mathilde in 909 in Wallhausen, Bad Kreuznach, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. Mathilde (daughter of of The East Franks, Thiadrich and Reinhild) was born in 892 in Enger, Herford, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; died on 14 Mar 968 in Quedlinburg, Quedlinburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; was buried on 15 Mar 968 in Stiftskirche Saint Servatius, Quedlinburg, Quedlinburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: First Count of Flanders
• FSID: LZ1T-YG5

Notes:

Arnulf I (c. 893/899 – 27 March 964), called the Great, was the first Count of Flanders.
Arnulf was the son of margrave Baldwin II of Flanders and Ælfthryth of Wessex, daughter of Alfred the Great. Through his mother he was a descendant of the Anglo-Saxon kings of England, and through his father, a descendant of Charlemagne. Presumably Arnulf was named either after Saint Arnulf of Metz, a progenitor of the Carolingian dynasty, or King Arnulf of Carinthia, whom his father supported.

At the death of their father in 918, Arnulf became Count of Flanders while his brother Adeloft or Adelolf succeeded to the County of Boulogne. However, in 933 Adeloft died, and Arnulf took the countship of Boulogne for himself, but later conveyed it to his nephew, Arnulf II. Arnulf titled himself count by the Grace of God.

Arnulf I greatly expanded Flemish rule to the south, taking all or part of Artois, Ponthieu, Amiens, and Ostrevent. He exploited the conflicts between Charles the Simple and Robert I of France, and later those between Louis IV and his barons.

In his southern expansion Arnulf inevitably had conflict with the Normans, who were trying to secure their northern frontier. This led to the 942 murder of the Duke of Normandy, William Longsword, at the hands of Arnulf's men. The Viking threat was receding during the later years of Arnulf's life, and he turned his attentions to the reform of the Flemish government. Count Arnulf died 27 March 964, allegedly murdered by Heluin in revenge for the murder of William Longsword. He was buried in the Church of Saint-Pierre de Gand in Ghent.

Family
The name of Arnulf's first wife is unknown but he had at least one daughter by her:

Name unknown; married Isaac of Cambrai. Their son Arnulf succeeded his father as Count of Cambrai.
In 934 he married Adele of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert II of Vermandois. Their children were:

Hildegarde, born c. 934, died 990; she married Dirk II, Count of Holland. It is uncertain whether she is his daughter by his first or second wife.
Liutgard, born in 935, died in 962; married Wichmann IV, Count of Hamaland.
Egbert, died 953.
Baldwin III of Flanders (c. 940 – 962), married Matilda of Saxony († 1008), daughter of Hermann Billung.
Elftrude; married Siegfried, Count of Guînes.
Succession
Arnulf made his eldest son and heir Baldwin III of Flanders co-ruler in 958, but Baldwin died untimely in 962, so Arnulf was succeeded by Baldwin's infant son, Arnulf II of Flanders.

This is for information about a persons life, not just links that tell about them. Links belong in "Sources"

This is from: Arnulf I, Count of Flanders in Wikipedia

Family/Spouse: de Vermandois, Adèle. Adèle (daughter of de Vermandois, Hérbert II and de France, Adela) was born in 910 in Vermandois (Historical), Picardie, France; died on 10 Oct 958 in Brugge, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium; was buried after 10 Oct 958 in Abbey of Saint Pierre-Du-Mont Blandin, Gent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Carolingian
• FSID: 9S9W-MPL
• Appointments / Titles: Between 936 and 954; King of West Francia

Notes:

Louis IV , called d'Outremer or Transmarinus (both meaning "from overseas"), reigned as king of West Francia from 936 to 954. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, he was the only son of king Charles the Simple and his second wife Eadgifu of Wessex, daughter of King Edward the Elder of Wessex.His reign is mostly known thanks to the Annals of Flodoard and the later Historiae of Richerus.

Louis was born in the heartlands of West Francia's Carolingian lands between Laon and Reims in 920 or 921. From his father's first marriage with Frederuna (d. 917) he had six half-sisters. He was the only male heir to the throne.

After the dethronement and capture of his faher, Charles the Simple, in 923, following his defeat at the Battle of Soissons, queen Eadgifu and her infant son took refuge in Wessex (for this he received the nickname of d'Outremer) at the court of her father King Edward, and after Edward's death, of her brother King Æthelstan. Young Louis was raised in the Anglo-Saxon court until his teens.

Louis became the heir to the western branch of the Carolingian dynasty after the death of his captive father in 929, and in 936, at the age of 15, was recalled from Wessex by the powerful Hugh the Great, Margrave of Neustria, to succeed the Robertian king Rudolph who had died.

Once he took the throne, Louis wanted to free himself from the tutelage of Hugh the Great, who, with his title of Duke of the Franks was the second most powerful man after the King.

In 945, following the death of William I Longsword, Duke of Normandy, Louis tried to conquer his lands, but was kidnapped by the men of Hugh the Great.

The Synod of Ingelheim in 948 allowed the excommunication of Hugh the Great and released Louis from his long tutelage. From 950 Louis gradually imposed his rule in the northeast of the kingdom, building many alliances (especially with the Counts of Vermandois) and under the protection of the Ottonian kingdom of East Francia.

Louis IV was crowned King by Artald, Archbishop of Rheims on Sunday, 19 June 936, probably at the Abbey of Notre-Dame and Saint-Jean in Laon, perhaps at the request of the King since it was a symbolic Carolingian town and he was probably born there.

In 939 Louis IV married Gerberga of Saxony, the widow of Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine. They were parents to eight children:
-Lothair of France (941–986)
-Matilda b. about 943; married Conrad of Burgundy
-Hildegarde b. about 944
-Carloman b. about 945
-Louis b. about 948
-Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine (953–993)
-Alberade b. before 953
-Henry b. about 953

Louis IV died on September 10, 954, after falling from a horse, some records report he died from tuberculosis.

Louis married von Sachsen, Queen of France Gerberga in 939 in France. Gerberga (daughter of of Sachsen, Heinrich I and von Ringelheim, Saint Mathilde) was born on 10 Jun 913 in Nordhausen, Vogtlandkreis, Sachsen, Germany; was christened on 4 Aug 914 in Markneukirchen, Vogtlandkreis, Sachsen, Germany; died on 5 May 984 in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; was buried on 22 May 984 in Reims Cathedral, Champagne-Ardenne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Lotharingia
• FSID: G8K2-QK3

Notes:

"Cunigunda WAS THE DAUGHTER OF ERMENTRUDE of France, [who was the daughter] of Louis the Stammerer. THE IDENTITY OF HER FATHER IS UNKNOWN."

"To gain greater affinity with the nobles of Lotharingia, King Charles III arranged the marriage of Cunigunda in 909 with the powerful Wigeric of Lotharingia."

"Their children were:
- Frederick I
- Adalberon I
- Gilbert
- Sigebert
- Liutgarde
- Gozlin
- Siegfried"

"Around 922, she married Ricwin, Count of Verdun."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunigunda_of_France

[NB: Information sourced from Wikipedia is subject to change by third-parties. Follow the URL(s) noted above to review the latest content.]

.

Cunigunda married de Lorraine, Wigerich in 909. Wigerich was born in 870; died in 919; was buried in 919 in Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: L8YB-MPN

Notes:

Willa of Provence was an early medieval Frankish queen in the Rhone valley. It is certain that she was the first consort of Rudolf I of Upper Burgundy; and later, from 912, consort of Hugh of Arles, border count of Provence, who in 926 became king of Northern Italy.

Willa van de Provence was een vroegmiddeleeuwse Frankische koningin in het Rhônedal. Het is zeker dat ze de eerste echtgenote was van Rudolf I van Opper-Bourgondië; en later, vanaf 912, gemalin van Hugo van Arles, grensgraaf van de Provence, die in 926 koning van Noord-Italië werd.

Everything else in her genealogy is more or less UNCERTAIN.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilla_of_Provence
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willa_de_Provence
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willa_di_Provenza

Guilla married von Hochburgund, Rudolph I in 888 in France. Rudolph (son of de Bourgogne, Conrad II and d'Orleans, Waldrada) was born in 859 in Auxerre, Yonne, Bourgogne, France; died on 25 Oct 912 in Bourgogne, France; was buried on 30 Oct 912 in Bourgogne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Guilla married d'Arles, Hugues in 912 in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. Hugues (son of d'Arles, Théobald and de Lorraine, Bertha) was born in 880 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; died on 10 Apr 947 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 2M5T-R9P

Notes:

Gotfrid of Champagne was the son of Drogo of Champagne and his wife Anstrude of Neustria and Burgundy. He was born in Champagne about 700. He was the younger brother of Arnulf, Duke of Champagne and Hugh Archbishop of Rouen, and older brother of Pippin. He was also the grandson of Pepin of Herstal.

In 723 it is recorded that at the command of Gotfrid's paternal uncle Charles Martel "two sons of Drogo were bound, Arnold [Arnulf] and another who died", either Gotfrid or Pippin. (Recorded in the Annales Nazariani, the Annales Petaviani, Annales Laureshamenses and Annales Alamannici.) As most records give Gotfrid's year of death as 735, it appears that it was Pippin and not Gotfrid who died at the hands of their uncle.

Family/Spouse: le Pieux, WIlliam. WIlliam (son of d'Auvergne, Bernard II and d'Auvergne, Ermengarde) was born in 860 in Uzès, Gard, Languedoc-Roussillon, France; died in DECEASED in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Bourgogne, France; King of Basse Bourgogne
• FSID: 99Y7-Y7P
• Life Event: 21 Jul 905; Blinded by King Berengar of Friuli

Family/Spouse: de Constantinople, Anne. Anne (daughter of Macedonicos, Emperor Leo VI and Karbonopsina, Zoe) was born in 880 in Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; died in 901 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Count of Henegouwen
• Appointments / Titles: Count of Lorraine
• Appointments / Titles: Count of Louvain
• House: Reginar
• FSID: 9W7P-G88
• Appointments / Titles: 915; Count of Hainaut

Notes:

Reginar II, Count of Hainaut
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Reignar II
Count of Hainaut
Born 890
Died 932 (aged 42)
Noble family Reginar
Issue
Reginar III, Count of Hainaut
Rudolph, Count of the Maasgau
Liéthard
Father Reginar, Duke of Lorraine
Mother Hersinda

Reginar (or Rainier) II (890–932) was Lotharingian magnate who was active from approximately 915 to 932. He was brother of Duke Gilbert of Lotharingia, who died at the Battle of Andernach in 939, and because his son and grandson claimed it, he probably already personally held the fort of Mons in Hainaut as the seat of a county.

History
He was the son of Reginar I Longneck, and this means his paternal grandmother was possibly a daughter of Charles the Bald and Ermentrude.

Flodoard's Annals, reports under the year 924 that Reginar the brother of Duke Gilbert of Lotharingia already had a son who was given as a hostage during conflicts between several of the Lotharingian magnates of the time.[1]

By 943 he was dead, because a charter made in favor of his widowed daughter was done partly in the name of atoning for his sins.[2]

Family
Reginar II had at least three children with Adelaide of Burgundy:

Reginar III, Count of Hainaut
Rudolf, possibly a Count in the Hesbaye
Possibly Liethard or Liechard, a son mentioned in one 966 charter as a son of a Count Reginar.
A daughter who married to Nibelung, Count of Betuwe.
Upon his death, Reginar was succeeded as Count of Hainaut by his son and namesake.

Family/Spouse: de Bourgogne, Princess Adélaïde. Adélaïde (daughter of de Bourgogne, Duke Richard and de Bourgogne, Adélaïde) was born in 896 in Autun, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France; died in 932 in Hainaut, Belgium; was buried in 932 in Seltz, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Carolingian
• FSID: K6WN-292
• Appointments / Titles: Between 911 and 931, Avignon, Vaucluse, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; Count of Avignon
• Appointments / Titles: Between 926 and 931, Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; Count
• Appointments / Titles: Between 931 and 936, Tuscania, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy; Margrave of Tuscany

Notes:

"Boso was a Burgundian nobleman who spent much of his career in Italy, where he became Margrave of Tuscany about 932.

"Boso was the second son of Count Theobald of Arles and Bertha, illegitimate daughter of King Lothair II. His family belonged to the highest ranks of the aristocracy of the Carolingian Empire and were related by marriage to the Carolingian dynasty and the Bosonids, the ruling family of Provence."

-------
“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):

“BOSO, Count of Avignon, 911-931, Count of Arles, 926-931, Margrave of Tuscany, 931-936, younger son by his mother's 1st marriage. He married WILLA, conjectured to be a daughter of Rudolf I, King of Burgundy. They had four daughters, Bertha (wife of Boso, Count in Upper Burgundy, and Raymond, Count of Rouergue, Margrave of Septimania, Duke of Aquitaine), Willa, Richilda, and Gisela. BOSO conspired against his brother, Hugo, in 936, and was captured and imprisoned by him.

Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 186 (sub Italy). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): VI.17, VII.35-VII.38. Bouchard Those of My Blood (2001): 84 (chart), 87. Jackman Ins Hereditarium Encountered II: Approaches to Reginlint (2008): 22-27.
Child of Count Boso, by Willa:
i. WILLA OF ARLES, married BERENGARIO (or BÉRENGER) II, Margrave of Ivrea, King of Italy [see Line D, Gen. 6].”

"Boso was a Burgundian nobleman who spent much of his career in Italy, where he became Margrave of Tuscany about 932.

Bosone married de Bourgogne, Willa in 912 in Bourgogne, France. Willa was born in 900 in Bourgogne, France; died in 936 in Bourgogne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugues_d%27Arles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy

Hugues married de Provence, Guilla in 912 in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. Guilla (daughter of de Provence, Boson and de Italy, Queen of Burgundy Ermengarde) was born in 873 in Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France; died on 14 Feb 929 in Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: Hildouin
• FSID: GWL6-T7K
• Appointments / Titles: Between 886 and 916, Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; 6th Count

Alduin married d'Angouleme, Countess N.N. in 894 in France. N.N. was born in 866 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; died in 895 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; Countess of Angouleme
• FSID: 99QR-DL6

Family/Spouse: de Marcillac, Ramnoul. Ramnoul (son of de Marcillac, Wilgrim) was born on 23 Aug 835 in France; died on 28 Apr 898 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LYV1-5QJ

Notes:

Vicount of Marcillac

Family/Spouse: d'Angoulême, Senegonde. Senegonde (daughter of de Taillefer, Wulgrin I and de Toulouse, Roselinde Guilhelmide) was born on 3 Feb 840 in Angoulême, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; died in 965 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: The Bastard
• FSID: 9SJP-9TN
• Appointments / Titles: Between 890 and 892, Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France; Count of Poitou and Duc d'Aquitaine
• Appointments / Titles: Between 890 and 892, Poitou-Charentes, France; Count of Poitou and Duc d'Aquitaine
• Appointments / Titles: Between 902 and 935, Poitou-Charentes, France; Count of Poitou
• Appointments / Titles: Between 928 and 932, Aquitaine, France; Duc d'Aquitaine, Count of Berry, Count of Auvegne and Velay

Notes:

Wikipedia -

Ebalus, or Ebles Manzer, or Manser (c. 870 – 935), was Count of Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine on two occasions: from 890 to 892; and then from 902 until his death in 935 (Poitou) and from 928 until 932 (Aquitaine).

Early life
Ebles was an illegitimate son of Ranulf II of Aquitaine. "Manzer", or "Mamzer", is a Hebrew word that means bastard, son of a forbidden relationship, although in the case of Ebles it may have been applied to bastardy in general.

Count of Poitou
Upon the death of his father (who was poisoned), Ebles assumed his father's mantle and acquired the role of Count of Poitou. But Ebles could not hold on to the title for long. Aymar, a descendant of one of Ramnulf II's predecessors, challenged Ebles' right to rule, as Ebles was merely a bastard son. In 892, Aymar, who was supported by Eudes of France, overthrew Ebles, and Ebles fled to the safety of his father's allies, Count Gerald of Aurillac and William the Pious, count of Auvergne and Duke of Aquitaine.[1] William the Pious had taken Ebles under his care and assured the boy's education after the death of Ebles' father.[2]

Poitiers
In 902, Ebles, with the assistance of William the Pious, a distant relative, conquered Poitiers while Aymar was away, and reestablished himself in his former position. Charles III, who knew Ebles as a childhood companion, then formally invested Ebles with the title, Count of Poitou. Ebles would hold this title until his death.[2]

The comital title was the only one to which he ever had legitimate investiture. Ebles allotted the abbey of Saint-Maixent to Savary, Viscount of Thouars, who had been his constant supporter. He restructured Poitou by creating new viscounties in Aulnay and Melle and dissolved the title and position of Viscount of Poitou upon the death of its holder, Maingaud, in 925.

In 904, he conquered the Limousin.

French commanders
In 911 he, with two other French commanders were aligned in opposition to Rollo, a Norwegian invader who had plundered the countryside. Ebles and the other two commanders intended to lead their armies in defense of the city of Chartres. Part of Rollo's army camped on a hill (Mount-Levis) north of the city, while the rest were stationed on the plains outside Chartres.[3]

Battle
On 20 July 911, the battle between the French and Danish armies commenced. "Rollo and his forces were shamefully routed, smitten, as the legend tells, with corporeal blindness. A panic assuredly fell upon the heroic commander, a species of mental infirmity discernible in his descendants: the contagious terror unnerved the host. Unpursued, they dispersed and fled without resistance." At the end of the day, 6,800 Danes lay dead on the field of battle.[4]

Ebles was somewhat slow in arriving at Chartres, so he was unable to "take his due share in the conflict." His victorious partners proudly boasted of their success, and mocked Ebles and his tardy army. To redeem his honor and quiet the ridicule, Ebles accepted a challenge to confront the remnant of the Danish army that remained camped on the Mont-Levis. But instead of driving the Danes away, Ebles' army was defeated soundly. "In the dark of the night, the Northmen, sounding their horns and making a terrible clamour, rushed down the mount and stormed" Ebles camp. Ebles fled and hid in a drum in a fuller's workshop. His cowardice and dishonor was derided in a popular French ballad of the Plantagenet age.[5]

Duke of Aquitaine
When Ebles' benefactor, William the Pious, died, William was succeeded as Duke of Aquitaine by William the Younger. In 927, William the Younger died, and he left his title to his brother Acfred; but Acfred did not live even a year. Acfred made Ebles his heir, and in 928 Ebles assumed the titles Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Berry, Count of Auvergne, and Velay.[6]

In 929, King Rudolph started trying to reduce the power of Ebles. He withdrew from him access to Berry, then in 932 he transferred the titles of Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Auvergne to the Count of Toulouse, Raymond Pons. Moreover, the territory of La Marche, which was under the control of the lord of Charroux, vassal of Ebles, was transformed into an independent county.

Marriage and issue
Ebles' first wife was Aremburga, whom he married before 10 October 892.[2] His second wife was Emilienne, whom he married in 911. Following Emilienne's death in 913/915, Ebles remarried to an Adele.[7] Some 19th-century English historians identified Adele with Ælfgifu, daughter of Edward the Elder, [8] known to have married "a prince near the Alps", but there is nothing to support this identification. She has also been called Adela, Alaine, or Aliana.

Ebalus had one child by Emilienne, and another one by Adele:[9]

William III of Aquitaine married Gerloc, daughter of Rollo of Normandy
Ebalus, Bishop of Limoges and Treasurer of St. Hilary of Poitiers.[10]

geni.com
Ebles Manzer de Poitiers, duc d'Aquitaine
Also Known As: "Ebalus", "Eble", "Ebles", "le Bâtard", "the Bastard", "Bekart", "Mamser", "Mancer", "Manzer", "Manser", "Ebles Manzer or Manser", "van Aquitanie"
Birthdate: February 27, 876
Birthplace: Poitou-Charentes, Poitiers, Vienne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
Death: May 27, 935 (59)
Poitou-Charentes, Poitiers, Vienne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
Place of Burial: France
Immediate Family:

Son of Ranulf II de Poitiers, Comte de Poitou, Duc d'Aquitaine and NN, Mistress of Rainulfe II

Husband of Émilienne of Poitou

Father of
Guillaume 'Tête d'étoupe' d'Aquitaine, III duc d'Aquitaine, I comte de Poitou

Half brother of Ranulf III, Count of Poitou
Occupation: Duc d'Aquitaine 890-892, 902-935 and 927-935, Comte de Poitou, du Limousin et d'Auvergne

Wikipedia -

Ebalus, or Ebles Manzer, or Manser (c. 870 – 935), was Count of Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine on two occasions: from 890 to 892; and then from 902 until his death in 935 (Poitou) and from 928 until 932 (Aquitaine).

Early life
Ebles was an illegitimate son of Ranulf II of Aquitaine. "Manzer", or "Mamzer", is a Hebrew word that means bastard, son of a forbidden relationship, although in the case of Ebles it may have been applied to bastardy in general.

Count of Poitou
Upon the death of his father (who was poisoned), Ebles assumed his father's mantle and acquired the role of Count of Poitou. But Ebles could not hold on to the title for long. Aymar, a descendant of one of Ramnulf II's predecessors, challenged Ebles' right to rule, as Ebles was merely a bastard son. In 892, Aymar, who was supported by Eudes of France, overthrew Ebles, and Ebles fled to the safety of his father's allies, Count Gerald of Aurillac and William the Pious, count of Auvergne and Duke of Aquitaine.[1] William the Pious had taken Ebles under his care and assured the boy's education after the death of Ebles' father.[2]

Poitiers
In 902, Ebles, with the assistance of William the Pious, a distant relative, conquered Poitiers while Aymar was away, and reestablished himself in his former position. Charles III, who knew Ebles as a childhood companion, then formally invested Ebles with the title, Count of Poitou. Ebles would hold this title until his death.[2]

The comital title was the only one to which he ever had legitimate investiture. Ebles allotted the abbey of Saint-Maixent to Savary, Viscount of Thouars, who had been his constant supporter. He restructured Poitou by creating new viscounties in Aulnay and Melle and dissolved the title and position of Viscount of Poitou upon the death of its holder, Maingaud, in 925.

In 904, he conquered the Limousin.

French commanders
In 911 he, with two other French commanders were aligned in opposition to Rollo, a Norwegian invader who had plundered the countryside. Ebles and the other two commanders intended to lead their armies in defense of the city of Chartres. Part of Rollo's army camped on a hill (Mount-Levis) north of the city, while the rest were stationed on the plains outside Chartres.[3]

Battle
On 20 July 911, the battle between the French and Danish armies commenced. "Rollo and his forces were shamefully routed, smitten, as the legend tells, with corporeal blindness. A panic assuredly fell upon the heroic commander, a species of mental infirmity discernible in his descendants: the contagious terror unnerved the host. Unpursued, they dispersed and fled without resistance." At the end of the day, 6,800 Danes lay dead on the field of battle.[4]

Ebles was somewhat slow in arriving at Chartres, so he was unable to "take his due share in the conflict." His victorious partners proudly boasted of their success, and mocked Ebles and his tardy army. To redeem his honor and quiet the ridicule, Ebles accepted a challenge to confront the remnant of the Danish army that remained camped on the Mont-Levis. But instead of driving the Danes away, Ebles' army was defeated soundly. "In the dark of the night, the Northmen, sounding their horns and making a terrible clamour, rushed down the mount and stormed" Ebles camp. Ebles fled and hid in a drum in a fuller's workshop. His cowardice and dishonor was derided in a popular French ballad of the Plantagenet age.[5]

Duke of Aquitaine
When Ebles' benefactor, William the Pious, died, William was succeeded as Duke of Aquitaine by William the Younger. In 927, William the Younger died, and he left his title to his brother Acfred; but Acfred did not live even a year. Acfred made Ebles his heir, and in 928 Ebles assumed the titles Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Berry, Count of Auvergne, and Velay.[6]

In 929, King Rudolph started trying to reduce the power of Ebles. He withdrew from him access to Berry, then in 932 he transferred the titles of Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Auvergne to the Count of Toulouse, Raymond Pons. Moreover, the territory of La Marche, which was under the control of the lord of Charroux, vassal of Ebles, was transformed into an independent county.

Marriage and issue
Ebles' first wife was Aremburga, whom he married before 10 October 892.[2] His second wife was Emilienne, whom he married in 911. Following Emilienne's death in 913/915, Ebles remarried to an Adele.[7] Some 19th-century English historians identified Adele with Ælfgifu, daughter of Edward the Elder, [8] known to have married "a prince near the Alps", but there is nothing to support this identification. She has also been called Adela, Alaine, or Aliana.

Ebalus had one child by Emilienne, and another one by Adele:[9]

William III of Aquitaine married Gerloc, daughter of Rollo of Normandy
Ebalus, Bishop of Limoges and Treasurer of St. Hilary of Poitiers.[10]

Ebles married du Poitou, Emilienne in 911 in France. Emilienne (daughter of le Pieux, WIlliam and de Provence, Engelberge) was born in 879 in Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France; died in 935 in Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France; was buried in 935 in Saint-Jean de Montierneuf, Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GSZX-P1N

Family/Spouse: de Provence, Engelberge. Engelberge (daughter of de Provence, Boson and de Italy, Queen of Burgundy Ermengarde) was born in 860 in Autun, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France; died in 919 in Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: G7LL-P3K

Notes:

geni.com

Hector d'Auvergne
Birthdate: circa 860
Birthplace: Auvergne, France
Death: 890 (25-34)
Y, Somme, Picardie, France
Immediate Family:
Son of Bernard Plantapilosa, Count of Toulouse and Ava d'Auvergne

Husband of
Aube Ermengarde d'Auvergne, Abbess of Sauxillanges

Father of
Aube d'Auvergne and
Geoffrey Viscount Gatinais d'Orleans d'Auvergne, I

Half brother of Adelinde d'Auvergne; Raculf, Vicomte de Mâcon; Guillaume I the Pious, Count of Auvergne & Duke of Aquitaine; Warin and Ava

Family/Spouse: d'Châlons, Aube Ermengarde. Aube (daughter of d'Châlons, Warin and d'Châlons, Alba) was born in 865 in Auvergne, France; died in 893 in Sauxillanges, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]