Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Powys, Wales; King
• FSID: LD3L-WWN

Notes:

Elisedd, King of Powys
(c.695-773)
(Latin: Elisetus; English: Ellis)
Elisedd is best known for his memorial stone: Eliseg's Pillar standing in Llantysilio-yn-Ial in Northern Powys. It was once topped by an enormous cross, and was erected by his great grandson, King Cyngen, some one hundred years after Elisedd's ascendancy in the early 8th century. Its inscription praises his victories against the Saxons and includes an exceptional record of the Powysian pedigree, stretching back through his father King Gwylog ap Beli's line to Vortigern and Magnus Maximus. Elisedd lived at nearby Castell Dinas-Bran, which is also associated with the Celtic ancestor god, Bran, and King Arthur's Quest for the Holy Grail.

EBK: King Elisedd of Powys. (2017). Earlybritishkingdoms.com. Retrieved 30 May 2017, from http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/elisepw.html

BIO: from British Kings and Queens (Mike Ashsley) p 155
Elisedd (or Eliseg) Powys, 725-?
Elisedd was remembered by his great grandson, Cyngen ap Cadell, a century later, for having rebuilt Powys and recovered lands from the English. He erected a stone column, now known as "Eliseg's Pillar" which commemorated his descent, tracing it all the way back to Vortigern. The genealogy provides us with some dating problems, but we must assume that Elisedd lived sometime in the early/mid eighth century. This coincides with the reign of the Mercian king Athelbald, a turbulent period where the Mercians generally had the upper hand but where some victories went to the underdogs. We can image the Elisedd succeeded in regaining lands along the Welsh/Mercian border from this powerful king, which made his victories all the more significant. It is possible the Elisedd ruled (or was active as a battle leader) earlier, because there are Welsh border incidents recorded during the reign of the Merican king Cenred, around the year 708. The fact that the Pillar was erected at Llangollen, well inside the later Welsh border, shows that these territorial gains were not permanent.

** from Wikipedia listing for Elisedd ap Gwylog
Elisedd ap Gwylog (died c. 755), also known as Elise, was king of Powys in eastern Wales.

Little has been preserved in the historical records about Elisedd, who was a descendant of Brochwel Ysgithrog. He appears to have reclaimed the territory of Powys after it had been overrun by the English. His great-grandson, Cyngen ap Cadell erected a column in his memory which stands not far from the later abbey of Valle Crucis. This is known as the Pillar of Eliseg, but the form Eliseg which appears on the column is thought to be a mistake by the carver of the inscription.

The Latin inscription on the pillar is now very hard to read, but was apparently clearer in the time of Edward Lhuyd who transcribed it. The translation of the part of the inscription referring to Elisedd is as follows:

+ Concenn son of Catell, Catell son of Brochmail, Brochmail son of Eliseg, Eliseg son of Guoillauc.
+ And that Concenn, great-grandson of Eliseg, erected this stone for his great-grandfather Eliseg.
+ The same Eliseg, who joined together the inheritance of Powys . . . out of the power of the Angles with his sword and with fire.
+ Whosoever repeats the writing, let him give a blessing on the soul of Eliseg.

Some old poems refer to Elisedd and assert he had a "special crown, a chain of twisted gold links, and armlets and anklets of gold which were the badges of sovereignty of Powys".[1] These artifacts have disappeared from history but perhaps resurfaced briefly during the coronation of Owain Glyndŵr in 1400.

Elisedd was succeeded by his son Brochfael.

References
^ Pre Welsh History

John Edward Lloyd (1911) A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (Longmans, Green & Co.)

** from Wikipedia listing for Pillar of Eliseg
The Pillar of Eliseg also known as Elise's Pillar or Croes Elisedd in Welsh, stands near Valle Crucis Abbey, Denbighshire, Wales, at grid reference SJ204442. It was erected by Cyngen ap Cadell (died 855), king of Powys in honour of his great-grandfather Elisedd ap Gwylog. The form Eliseg found on the pillar is thought to be a mistake by the carver of the inscription.

The Latin inscription not only mentions several individuals described in the Historia Britonum, but also complements the information presented in that text. A generally accepted translation of this inscription, one of the longest surviving inscriptions from pre-Viking Wales, is as follows:

† Concenn son of Cattell, Cattell son of Brochmail, Brochmail son of Eliseg, Eliseg son of Guoillauc.
† And that Concenn, great-grandson of Eliseg, erected this stone for his great-grandfather Eliseg.
† The same Eliseg, who joined together the inheritance of Powys . . . throughout nine (years?) out of the power of the Angles with his sword and with fire.
† Whosoever shall read this hand-inscribed stone, let him give a blessing on the soul of Eliseg.
† This is that Concenn who captured with his hand eleven hundred acres [4.5 km²] which used to belong to his kingdom of Powys . . . and which . . . . . . the mountain

[the column is broken here. One line, possibly more, lost]

. . . the monarchy . . . Maximus . . . of Britain . . . Concenn, Pascent, Maun, Annan.
† Britu son of Vortigern, whom Germanus blessed, and whom Sevira bore to him, daughter of Maximus the king, who killed the king of the Romans.
† Conmarch painted this writing at the request of king Concenn.
† The blessing of the Lord be upon Concenn and upon his entire household, and upon the entire region of Powys until the Day of Judgement.

The Pillar was thrown down by the Roundheads during the English Civil War and a grave under it opened. Edward Lhuyd examined the Pillar and copied the inscription in 1696. The lower half disappeared but the upper half was re-erected in 1779. The original inscription is now illegible.

External links
Rhys, John (1908), All around the Wrekin, "Y Cymmrodor: The magazine of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion", Y Cymmrodor (London: Honorable Society of Cymmrodorion) XXI: 1–62 – the pillar and the etymology of "Eliseg" are discussed in this article, which includes Edward Lhuyd's translation.
Project Eliseg - 2010 Archaeological Excavation of the Pillar and Surrounding area
On the castlewales website
"Ancient British Pillar, Valle Crucis Abbey, South Wales", Table-book

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LD3L-7RM

Notes:

BIO: from British Kings and Queens (Mike Ashley) p 155
Broachfael ap Elisedd Powys, fl 760s
The son of Elisedd, little is known of his reign, except hat it would have paralled that of Mercia's greatest king, Offa. Whatever lands Elisedd had gained in the first half of the century, Brochfael probably lost in the second half. Offa undertook many raids into Wales during his reign, some as far west as Dyfed, and Powys was little more than a doorstep to his mighty army. Although the dates of Brochfael's reign are not known, it is possible he reigned for a considerable period. It was during his reign that Offa's Dyke was constructed, a remarkable feat of engineering which must have taken many men many years. It is a sign of Offa's power that it could be achieved at all, and it is probable that it was the men of Powys and of Glywysing who were pressed into service to complete the work. It served as much as a line of demarkation as a defence, and as such shows that Offfa effectively agreed a border between the Welsh and the English would help sustain peace. Brochfael would therefore have benefitted from the Dyke in the short term, though in the long term it spelled the end for Powys. Brochfael was succeeded by his son Cadell.

Gender:Male
Birth:circa 715
Ysgithrog,Brenin,Powys, Wales
Death:773 (54-62)
Wales
Immediate Family:
Son of Elisedd Ap ap Gwylog
Husband of N.N. Pabo
Father of Cadell, King of Powys and Cyngen ap Brochwel
Brother of St. Enghenedl ab Elisedd and Cyngen ab Elisedd
Added by:Jon Brees Thogmartin FTDNA Mcclendon on January 2, 2008
Managed by:Ofir Friedman and 44 others
Curated by:Erin Spiceland

MyHeritage Family Trees
Ellingson Web Site, managed by John Ellingson
Birth: Circa 715 - Place
Death: 773 - Place
Parents: Names of both parents
Siblings: Enghenedd Verch Elisedd and name of one more sister
Wife: Name of wife
Children: Cadell Ap Brochwel and name of one more son

Family/Spouse: verch Pabo, Queen Arddyn Benasgel. Arddyn was born in 710 in Powys, Wales; died in 746 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Ceredigion
• Appointments / Titles: King of Powys
• FSID: LD3L-7ZN

Notes:

BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#TewdrMawrA
CADELL ap Brochwell (-[804/08]). The Gwentian Chronicle names "Cadell of Derrnllwg, son of Brochwel Ysgithrog" when recording his daughter´s marriage[591]. King of Powys. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records the death in 808 of "Cadell king of Powys"[592]. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Arthen king of the Ceredigiawn, Rhydderch king of Dyved, and Cadell king of Teyrnllwg now called Powys" died in 804[593]. m ---. The name of Cadell´s wife is not known. Cadell & his wife had two children...

** from British Kings and Queens (Mike Ashley) p 155
Cadell ap Brochfael Powys, ? - 808.
Ruler of Powys during the oppressive reign of the Mercian Cenwulf. Cadell died before Cenwulf's main drive into Wales, and he may have benefitted from the comparative peace that followed the construction of Offa's Dyke. However, in the last year of Offa's reign, the Mercian penetrated into Rhuddlan, and this was a signal of the fragile relationship that would exist between Welch and Mercians for the next thirty years.

Cadell ap Brochfael (English: Cadell, son of Brochfael; died c. 808), also known as Cadell Powys, was an 8th- and 9th-century king of Powys.

He was the son of Brochfael ap Elisedd, whom he succeeded to the throne c. 773.

The Annals of Wales mention his death, and Phillimore's reconstruction dates the entry to AD 808. His name also was inscribed (as "Cattell") in the Pillar of Eliseg.

Children:
1.) Nest ferch Cadell, b. Abt 770, of Powys gwlad, Wales, d. 842 (Age ~ 72 years)

2.) Cyngen ap Cadell, Brenin of Teyrnllwg, b. Abt 770, of Powys gwlad, Wales (Age ~ 85 years)

Family/Spouse: N.N., N.N.. N.N. was born in 750 in Wales; died in 771 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LDQ1-T9Y

Notes:

Nest ferch Cadell was the daughter of Cadell ap Brochfael, an 8th-century King of Powys, the wife of Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd.

On the death of her brother Cyngen ap Cadell in 855, authority over the Kingdom of Powys was claimed by Rhodri the Great, who had previously inherited the Kingdom of Gwynedd on the death of his father in 844. Rhodri thus united the Kingdoms of Powys and Gwynedd. Traditionally, Nest was claimed to be Rhodri's mother, hence his claim to Powys would have been matrilineal.

However, it is unclear why the inheritance of Powys would have passed through Nest to her son, and not to one of the sons of Cyngen: Elisedd ap Cyngen, Ieuaf ap Cyngen, Aeddan ap Cyngen, and Gruffudd ap Cyngen. The texts of Welsh laws which survive to us were written down no earlier than the 12th century, but they provide no evidence that women were capable of transmitting legal title of kingship or lordship.

Equally, although Rhodri's pedigree in a manuscript in Jesus College Oxford[1] states Nest as his mother, another pedigree in a fourteenth-century manuscript[2] in the National Library of Wales records his mother as Essyllt ferch Cynan. There are no strong grounds to accept either manuscript as reliable, but it is reasonable to believe that the royal house of Gwynedd promoted the view that the Kingdom of Powys had passed to Rhodri the Great through his mother in order to legitimise their control over it.[3] Either way, this possible genealogical manipulation became part of the accepted story of the unification of the two kingdoms.

Most now take Nest ferch Cadell to be the Nest who was married to Gwerstan son of Gwaithfoed, whose Grandson Bleddyn founded Powys' ruling House of Mathrafal. Rhodri's mother is instead taken to be Essylt daughter of Cynan Dindaethwy, last King of the House of Cunedda; it follows that Essylt was not Merfyn's mother, but his wife. Consequently those taking this view conclude that Nest's alleged marriage to Merfyn (or Rhodri) was merely a rumour spread and recorded by supporters of Gwynedd to demean the Kings of Powys, and to claim lordship over them. The House of Gwynedd's Kingship is recorded being passed jure uxoris through Essylt to her husband Merfyn, and thence distaff (ie. by the female line) to their son Rhodri on Merfyn's death, the same going for Rhodri's wife Angharad, the daughter of Meurig King of Seisyllwg when her brother Gwgon drowned without an heir, allowing Rhodri to rule Seisyllwg jure uxoris, and his son Cadell to inherit it matrilinearly.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest_ferch_Cadell

Family/Spouse: ap Gwriad, King Merfyn Frych. Merfyn (son of ap Elidyr, King Gwriad Manaw and verch Cynan, Esyllt) was born in 790 in Gwynedd, Wales; died in 843 in Wales; was buried in 843 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LDQ1-TMR
• Military: 843; The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Rhodri the Great opposed [Berthwrd king of Mercia]…with the assistance of Meuryg son of Hywel king of Glamorgan" in 843, adding that Meuryg was killed in the battle and was succeeded by "Ithel son of Hywel" who was killed by "the men of Brecknockshire" on his way to assist Rhodri.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 844 and 878; King of Gwynedd (succeeded his father, Merfyn Frych)
• Appointments / Titles: 844; Prince of Wales
• Military: 856; Won a notable victory against the Danish and killed their leader Gorm.
• Appointments / Titles: 856; King of Powys (succeeded his maternal uncle Cyngen ap Cadell)
• Appointments / Titles: 871; King of Seisyllwg
• Military: 872; Vvictories by Rhodri: the first at a place given as Bannoleu, where he defeated the Vikings
• Appointments / Titles: 877; King of the Britons

Notes:

877 AD; The Annals of Ulster record that "Rhodri, son of Merfyn, King of the Britons, came in flight from the dark foreigners to Ireland."

According to legend, the first Dinefwr Castle was build by Rhodri Mawr

"Roderick the Great" "Mawr the Great"

Rhodri ap Merfyn (c. 820–878), later known as Rhodri the Great (Welsh: Rhodri Mawr), succeeded his father, Merfyn Frych, as King of Gwynedd in 844. Rhodri annexed Powys c. 856 and Seisyllwg c. 871. He is called "King of the Britons" by the Annals of Ulster. In some later histories, he is referred to as "King of Wales", although the title is anachronistic and his realm did not include southern Wales.

Lineage and inheritance

Rhodri was the son of Merfyn Frych, who had claimed Gwynedd upon the extinction of Cunedda's male line. Rhodri then inherited the realm after his father's death around 844. Merfyn hailed from "Manaw" which may either refer to the Isle of Man or Manau, the ancestral homeland of all Gwynedd's kings since Cunedda.

According to later genealogies, his mother or grandmother was Nest ferch Cadell of the ruling dynasty in Powys. Although surviving texts of Welsh law expressly forbid inheritance along the maternal line, Nest and Rhodri's supposed inheritance was later used to justify Gwynedd's annexation of Powys after the c. 855 death of Cyngen ap Cadell in preference to Cyngen's other heirs.

Similarly, Rhodri's marriage to Angharad ferch Meurig was used to explain his supposed inheritance of her brother Gwgon's kingdom of Ceredigion after that king's death in 872[a] via a principle of jure uxoris that does not survive in our sources for Welsh law.

Reign
Now the master of much of modern Wales, Rhodri faced pressure both from the English and, increasingly, from Vikings, called the "black gentiles"[b] in the Welsh sources. The Danish are recorded ravaging Anglesey in 854. In 856, Rhodri won a notable victory and killed their leader Gorm.

The Chronicle of the Princes records two victories by Rhodri in 872: the first at a place given variously as Bangolau,[1] Bann Guolou,[2] or Bannoleu,[3] where he defeated the Vikings on Anglesey "in a hard battle"[1] and the second at Manegid[1] or Enegyd[4] where the Vikings "were destroyed".

The Chronicle of the Princes records his death occurring at the Battle of Sunday on Anglesey in 873;[1] the Annals of Wales record the two events in different years[2][3] and Phillimore's reconstruction of its dates places Rhodri's death in 877.[2] According to the Chronicle, Rhodri and his brother Gwriad were killed during a Saxon invasion (which probably would have been under Ceolwulf of Mercia, given that the Wessex forces under Alfred the Great were fighting Vikings in East Anglia at the time). The Annals record no great details of the death, but where the B text calls Gwriad Rhodri's brother,[3] the A text has him as Rhodri's son instead.[2] It is likely he was killed in battle given that all the sources call his son Anarawd's victory over the Mercians at the Battle of the Conwy a few years later "God's vengeance for Rhodri".

Succession
Rhodri died leaving at least four sons to share his land among themselves. The traditional account is that his eldest, Anarawd, became king of Gwynedd and the head of the subsequent House of Aberffraw which produced Gruffudd ap Cynan and Llywelyn the Great. Another, Cadell, was given Ceredigion and killed his brother Merfyn to claim Powys as well. Cadell's family was later known as the House of Dinefwr, after its base of operations was moved by Hywel the Good to Dyfed following another (supposed) inheritance via his marriage to Elen ferch Llywarch. Hywel's wide domain, later known as Deheubarth, briefly eclipsed Gwynedd under his immediate heirs before fracturing.

A fourth son, possibly too young to have been considered for the first division of Rhodri's lands, took part in Anarawd's 881 revenge against Mercia and, wounded there, became known to history as Tudwal the Lame, a condition disqualifying him from rule under Cyfraith Hywel, Welsh customary law.

Children
Anarawd ap Rhodri (died 913)[5]

Cadell ap Rhodri (854–907)[5]

Gwriad ap Rhodri: He had a son named Gwgawn who was killed in 955.[5]

Tudwal ap Rhodri (born 860)

Rhodri married verch Meurig, Queen Angharad in 840 in Gwynedd, Wales. Angharad (daughter of ap Dyfnwallon, Lord Meurig and N.N., Lady N.N.) was born in 825 in Wales; died in 900 in Wales; was buried in 900 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LDQ1-R1D
• Appointments / Titles: Between 878 and 900, Powys, Wales; King of Powys

Notes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merfyn_ap_Rhodri

Merfyn ap Rhodri
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a Welsh name. It means Merfyn son of Rhodri.
Merfyn ap Rhodri (died c. 900) was a late 9th-century Aberffraw prince of Gwynedd. He is sometimes credited with ruling Powys after the death of his father Rhodri the Great in AD 878. In the accounts where he is credited as a king, he is reported to have lost his realm to an invasion by his brother Cadell, King of Ceredigion. Merfyn's death may be connected to the incursion into Anglesey by the Viking Ingimundr in the first decade of the 10th century.

The drowning of his son Haearnddur, or "Haardur", was reported by both the Chronicle of the Princes[1] and the Annals of Wales.[2] The first places it in the year 953; Phillimore's reconstruction of the latter's dating[3] would place it in 956.

Merfyn married verch Rheiny, Rhain in 878 in Carnarvon, Caernarvonshire, Wales. Rhain was born in 863 in Caernarfon, Caernarvonshire, Wales; died in 920 in Heinsberg, Heinsberg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Powys
• Appointments / Titles: Prince of Wales
• House: House of Aberffraw
• FSID: LDQ1-RBN

Llywelyn married verch Llywarch, Malit in 916 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Malit (daughter of ap Hyfaidd, Llywarch and Bleddri, Lady Rheingar Fenela) was born in 885 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in DECEASED in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Powys, Wales; Queen of Powys
• FSID: L71C-CSZ

Angharad married ap Hywel, King Owain in 932 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Owain (son of ap Cadell, Hywel and verch Llywarch, Princess Elen) was born in 913 in Dynefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; was christened in 913 in Llandyfeisant Parish (Historic), Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in 987 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; was buried in 987 in Dynefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Dinefwr
• FSID: LHW9-VZ4
• Alternate Birth: 951, Dynefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales
• Appointments / Titles: Between 986 and 999, Wales; King of Gwynedd
• Appointments / Titles: Between 988 and 999, Wales; King of Deheubarth

Notes:

Kings of Deheubarth
A Pre-Conquest Listing
www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/kingdoms
Hywel Dda (the Good) 909-950
Rhodri ap Hywel 950-953 (joint)
Edwin ap Hywel 950-954 (joint)
Owain ap Hywel 950-987 (joint)
Maredudd ab Owain 987-999
Cynan ap Hywel 999-1005
Edwin ab Einion 1005-1018
Cadell ab Einion 1005-1018
Llywelyn ap Seisyll 1018-1023

-------------
Maredudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda (d 999), king of Deheubarth, He succeeded his aged father as sole ruler of Deheubarth in 986, and in the same year repeated the achievement of his grandfather by reuniting Gwynedd and Deheubarth for the period of his reign. In spite of domestice disharmony, he impressed contemporaries by his bold and aggressive leadership against Saxon and Dane. His greatest claim to fame rests, perhaps, on his relationship to Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, whose mother, Angharad, was Maredudd's daughter. [Dictionary of Welsh Biography p615]
__________________________________
Maredudd ab Owain (d 999?) Welsh prince, was the son of Owain ap Hywel Dda. According to the sole authority, the contemporary 'Annales Cambriae,' he lived in the second period of Danish invasion, a time of great disorder in Wales as elsewhere, and first appears as the slayer of Cadwallon ab Idwal, king of Gwynedd, and the conqueror of his realm, which, however, he lost in the ensuing year. In 988, on the death of his father Owain, he succeeded in his dominions, viz. Glower, Kidwelly, Ceredigion, and Dyfed, the latter probably including Ystrad Tywi. His reign, which lasted until 999, was mainly spent in expeditions against his neighbours (Maesyfed was attacked in 991, Morgannwg in 993, Gwynedd in 994) and in repelling the incursions of the Danes. On one occasion he is said to have redeemed his subjects from the Danes at a penny a head.
Maredudd's only son, so far as in known, died before him. But so great was the prestige he acquired in his brief reign that his daughter, Angharad, was regarded, contrary to ordinary Welsh custom, as capable of transmitting some royal right to her descendants. Her first husband, Llywelyn ap Seisyll, ruled Gwynedd from about 1010 to 1023, their son, the well-known Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, from 1039 to 1063. By her second marriage with Cynfyn ap Gwerstan she had two other son, Rhiwallon and Gleddyn, of whom the latter, with no claim on the father's side, ruled Gwynedd and Powys from 1069 to 1075 and founded the mediaeval line of princes of Powys. [Dictionary of National Biography XII:1015]
______________________________
Ruled Deheubarth 986-999. From www.castlewales. com/debarth.html.
Maredudd brought the northern and western kingdoms once more into a transitory unity. But his death opened a period of prolonged turmoil in which internal conflicts were complicated and intensified by Anglo-Saxon and Norse intervention. The established dynasties were challenged by men who asserted themselves within the kingdoms and exercised ephemeral supremacies. Of these the most successful was Gruffydd ap Llywelyn.
After Maredudd's death the combined kingdoms of Gwynedd and Deheubarth were ruled from Gwynedd by Cynan Ap Hywel from 999-1005.
_____________________________
Maredudd became King of Deheubarth in 986 and directly proceeded to conquer Gwynedd. In 990 he raided and plundered Maes Hyfaidd (Radnorshire) which was then in the possession of the Mercians. In the same year the Saxons devastated his territory and in 993 it was wasted by the plague. Both the Danes and the Saxons caused him much trouble during his entire reign. His nephews also tried to regain Gwynedd, but he was successful over all his enemies. It is said that he obtained Powys through his mother which made him King of all Wales. In the Bruts he is acclaimed as the "most famous King of the Britons" (Lloyd). He died in 998 or 999 leaving an only daughter and sole heiress, Angharad. She married Llewelyn ap Sesyll, who assumed the reins of government. They had one son, Gruffydd. LLewelyn died in 1023 and the kingdom was held by others until 1039 when the son, Gruffydd, succeded to the throne. Angharad took unto herself a second husband, Cynfyn. [The Weaver Genealogy]
________________________________
Maredudd was a skilled military leader. He successfully controlled a Viking invasion of Anglesey and allowed some Viking settlement there - enabling him to use Viking forces for a raid on Morgannwg to his southeast in 992. He pushed the Saxons back across the generally recognized border between Welsh and Saxon lands.
He was, however, nagged by the designs of his nephews Tweder, Edwin and Cadell, sons of his brother Owain, who wanted some of the southern territories for themselved. Tewdwr was killed in one of these skirmished in 994.
While Maredudd ruled for thirteen years, after his death the kingdoms more or less fell apart with several competing claimants. Cynan ap Hywel, his 3rd cousin once removed, apparently ruled the combined kingdoms until his own death in 1003. They Llywelyn ap Seisyll took control of Gwynedd, and later, through marriage with Maredudd's daughter Angharad, controlled Deheubarth

Maredudd ab Owain (died c. 999) was a 10th-century king in Wales of the High Middle Ages. A member of the House of Dinefwr, his patrimony was the kingdom of Deheubarth comprising the southern realms of Dyfed, Ceredigion, and Brycheiniog. Upon the death of his father King Owain around AD 988, he also inherited the kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys, which he had conquered for his father. He was counted among the Kings of the Britons by the Chronicle of the Princes.

Maredudd was the younger son of King Owain of Deheubarth and the grandson of King Hywel the Good. Owain had inherited the kingdom through the early death of his brothers and Maredudd, too, came to the throne through the death of his elder brother Einion around 984. Around 986, Maredudd captured Gwynedd from its king Cadwallon ab Ieuaf. He may have controlled all Wales apart from Gwent and Morgannwg.

Maredudd married verch Hywel Dda, Lady Angharad in 958 in Flintshire, Wales. Angharad was born in 943 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in 1019 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Deheubarth
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Gwynedd
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Powys
• FSID: 9HVH-9GD

Notes:

Biography
Angharad verch Maredydd Queen of Powys was born in about 0982

Parents
Angharad's father was Maredydd ap Owain, son of Owain ap Hywel and Angharad verch Llewelyn.

994 First Marriage to Llywelyn ap Seisyll
In 994 Angharad married Llywelyn ap Seisyll.

The marriage of Angharad and Llywelyn is confirmed by the Chronicle of the Princes of Wales which records that "Bleddyn son of Cynvyn and Gruffudd son of Llywelyn were brothers by the same mother Angharad daughter of Meredudd king of the Britons".

Llywelyn was aged 14 at the time (so born in 980). The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Llywelyn son of Seisyllt lord of Maes Essyllt although but a youth not more than fourteen years of age" married "Yngharad, daughter of Meredydd on of Owain" in 994

1023 Anghard's Second Marriage to Cynfyn ap Gwerstan
As the widow of Llywelyn, Angharad married secondly in 1023 Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, King of Powys, son of Gwerstan.

Death
She died in Wales in 1077 (83-91)

Issue
Angharad had children by two marriages. Her second husband Cynfyn likely had children by a previous wife, and these children are sometimes mis-attributed to Angharad.

1.) Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, son of Angharad and her first husband Llewelyn. Gruffydd, king of Gwynedd & Powys was born about 1011 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales and died 5 August 1063. He was the child of Llywelyn ap Seisyllt and Angharad verch Maredudd. Gruffydd did not succeed his father, possibly because he was too young to do so when his father died in 1023. Gruffydd went on to become the first King of Wales, however he was killed by his own men in 1063. Gruffydd's own sons Maredudd and Idwal died in 1069, fighting at the Battle of Mechain. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn inflicted a series of defeats on the English, and made alliances with the enemies of King Edward the Confessor. Gruffydd fought a long campaign against rival kings to win overall control of Wales. By 1055, he had become master of Deheubarth and had expanded his rule to the lesser kingdoms of Morgannwg (Glamorgan) and Gwent. In 1063, Earl Harold Godwinsson (later Harold II) and his brother Tostig made a joint attack on Gwynedd. At the same time, Deheubarth rebelled against Gruffydd's rule. Gruffydd fled and was murdered by his own men. Gruffydd married Ealdgyth, a daughter of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia. Ealdgyth married second in circa 1064 to Harold Godwinson, the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. Ealdgyth and Gruffydd had a son: Maredudd ap Gruffydd who was excluded from the throne by his uncles Bleddyn ap Cynfyn and Rhywallon ap Cynfyn. Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, king of the Britons

2.) Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn ap Gwerystan, son of Angharad and Cynfyn, born c. 1024, was elevated to king of Powys after the death of Gruffudd ap Llewelyn Rhiwallon was killed in the Battle of Mechain, about 1068. This is the most concrete date associated with Rhiwallon. Warriors were generally young men, though the princes for whom they fought were often older and also expected to fight. Estimate that Rhiwallon was aged 45 at Mechain, and his birth year would be, say, 1025, or if the first born of his mother's second marriage, 1024. Florence of Worcester records that he was appointed King of Powys by King Edward "the Confessor" after the defeat of Gruffydd. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records in 1106 that "Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, were brothers, from Angharad daughter of king Maredudd". Florence of Worcester records that he was appointed King of Powys by King Edward "the Confessor" after the defeat of Gruffydd. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "the action of Mechain took place between Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, Maredudd and Ithel, sons of Gruffudd" in 1068, adding that "Ithel was killed in the battle and Maredudd died of cold in his flight, and Rhiwallon son of Cynvyn was slain". The name of Rhiwallon´s wife is not known.

3.) Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, born c. 1025, who was made king of Gwynedd after Gruffudd's death in 1063, and additionally king of Powys when Rhiwallon was killed in 1069 Bleddyn ap Cynfyn of Deheubarth was born in 1025 and died in 1075. Bleddyn ap Cynfyn born about 1025 Montgomeryshire, Bleddyn ap Cynfyn was the son of Princess Angharad ferch Maredudd (of the Dinefwr dynasty of Deheubarth) and her second husband Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records in 1106 that "Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, were brothers, from Angharad daughter of king Maredudd". He succeeded his uterine half-brother in 1063 as King of Gwynedd and Powys. He married secondly m. Haer ferch Gillin, and thirdly a daughter of Brochwel

4.) Gwerfyl, born c. 1026, who married Gwrgan ap Ithel Ddu of Glamorgan, and was mother to Iestyn ap Gwrgan. Without naming her, Boyer, following Bartrum, notes a daughter of Cynfyn who married Gwrgan ab Ithel ab Idwallon ap Morgan Mawr (who was King of Morgannwg).

Angharad married ap Seisyll, King Llewelyn in 994. Llewelyn (son of ap Brochwel, Seisyll and verch Eliseg, Trawst) was born in 980 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales; died on 23 Oct 1023 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Gwynedd, Deheubarth, and Powys
• FSID: M1W5-BFF
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1055 and 1063, Wales; High King of Wales

Notes:

Gruffydd ap Llewellyn, King of the Britons
Birth: circa 1007, Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales
Immediate Family: son of Llewellyn ap Seisyll and Angharad verch Maredudd, husband of Guerta o Deheubarth and Ealdgyth, father of Nest ferch Gruffydd; Idwal ap Gruffydd; Maredudd ap Gruffydd and Owain Gruffudd, brother of Rhiwallon ap Llewelyn, half brother of Gwenwyn verch Cynfyn; Bleddyn Ap Cynfyn, King of Powys; Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, Prince of Powys; Angharad verch Cynfyn and Llewelyn ap Cynfyn

Update May 18 2018:
1039-Takes Powys and Gwynedd, kills Iago ap Idwal.
1045-Deheubarth is seized from him by Gruffydd ap Rhydderch who reigns over it for the next ten years.
1055-Gruffydd ap Llywelyn kills Gruffydd ap Rhydderch and regains Deheubarth.
1057-He becomes the first and last prince to unite and rule over all of Wales.
5 Aug 1063-Killed by his own men after his defeat in battle to Harold Godwinson
Per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Llywelyn His head was sent to Harold, the one who had defeated him. Then Harold married Gruffydd's widow, Ealdgyth, but Harold died 3 years later.

While many different leaders in Wales claimed the title of 'King of Wales', the country was only truly united once: under the rule of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn from 1055 to 1063.

His 1st wife's name in not known, his 2nd wife was Ealdgyth, daughter of Earl Ælfgar of Mercia; the 2 women should not be confused OR MERGED!

Gruffydd married of Mercia, Lady Ealdgyth in 1054 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales. Ealdgyth (daughter of of Mercia, Ælfgar and Mallet, Ælfgifu) was born in 1040 in Kingdom of Mercia, England; died in 1066 in Chester, Cheshire, England; was buried in 1066 in Spalding, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Princess of Wales
• FSID: G8ZS-9TQ

Family/Spouse: FitzAlan, Fledaldus. Fledaldus (son of Seneschal, Allan and de Lumley, Margaret Filia Rex) was born in 1046 in Dol, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; died in 1106 in Dol, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]