Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Deheubarth
• Appointments / Titles: King of South Wales
• FSID: 93QB-5WJ
• Appointments / Titles: Between 942 and 950; King of Gwynedd, jointly with his brothers.
• Appointments / Titles: 986; King of Deheubarth

Owain married verch Rhodri Mawr, N.N. in 937 in Carmarthenshire, Wales. N.N. was born in 870 in Caernarfon, Caernarvonshire, Wales; died in DECEASED in Dynefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; was buried in Llandyfeisant Parish (Historic), Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Owain married verch Llywelyn, Queen Angharad in 932 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Angharad (daughter of ap Merfyn, Llywelyn and verch Llywarch, Malit) was born in 918 in Llandefeilog, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in 1002 in Dinefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; was buried in 1002 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Gwent
• FSID: LKJY-SR8

Ynyr married verch Rhys, Gwladus in 1059 in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales. Gwladus was born in 1050 in Talgarth, Breconshire, Wales; died in UNKNOWN in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Dinefwr
• FSID: LHW9-VZ4
• Alternate Birth: 951, Dynefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales
• Appointments / Titles: Between 986 and 999, Wales; King of Gwynedd
• Appointments / Titles: Between 988 and 999, Wales; King of Deheubarth

Notes:

Kings of Deheubarth
A Pre-Conquest Listing
www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/kingdoms
Hywel Dda (the Good) 909-950
Rhodri ap Hywel 950-953 (joint)
Edwin ap Hywel 950-954 (joint)
Owain ap Hywel 950-987 (joint)
Maredudd ab Owain 987-999
Cynan ap Hywel 999-1005
Edwin ab Einion 1005-1018
Cadell ab Einion 1005-1018
Llywelyn ap Seisyll 1018-1023

-------------
Maredudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda (d 999), king of Deheubarth, He succeeded his aged father as sole ruler of Deheubarth in 986, and in the same year repeated the achievement of his grandfather by reuniting Gwynedd and Deheubarth for the period of his reign. In spite of domestice disharmony, he impressed contemporaries by his bold and aggressive leadership against Saxon and Dane. His greatest claim to fame rests, perhaps, on his relationship to Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, whose mother, Angharad, was Maredudd's daughter. [Dictionary of Welsh Biography p615]
__________________________________
Maredudd ab Owain (d 999?) Welsh prince, was the son of Owain ap Hywel Dda. According to the sole authority, the contemporary 'Annales Cambriae,' he lived in the second period of Danish invasion, a time of great disorder in Wales as elsewhere, and first appears as the slayer of Cadwallon ab Idwal, king of Gwynedd, and the conqueror of his realm, which, however, he lost in the ensuing year. In 988, on the death of his father Owain, he succeeded in his dominions, viz. Glower, Kidwelly, Ceredigion, and Dyfed, the latter probably including Ystrad Tywi. His reign, which lasted until 999, was mainly spent in expeditions against his neighbours (Maesyfed was attacked in 991, Morgannwg in 993, Gwynedd in 994) and in repelling the incursions of the Danes. On one occasion he is said to have redeemed his subjects from the Danes at a penny a head.
Maredudd's only son, so far as in known, died before him. But so great was the prestige he acquired in his brief reign that his daughter, Angharad, was regarded, contrary to ordinary Welsh custom, as capable of transmitting some royal right to her descendants. Her first husband, Llywelyn ap Seisyll, ruled Gwynedd from about 1010 to 1023, their son, the well-known Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, from 1039 to 1063. By her second marriage with Cynfyn ap Gwerstan she had two other son, Rhiwallon and Gleddyn, of whom the latter, with no claim on the father's side, ruled Gwynedd and Powys from 1069 to 1075 and founded the mediaeval line of princes of Powys. [Dictionary of National Biography XII:1015]
______________________________
Ruled Deheubarth 986-999. From www.castlewales. com/debarth.html.
Maredudd brought the northern and western kingdoms once more into a transitory unity. But his death opened a period of prolonged turmoil in which internal conflicts were complicated and intensified by Anglo-Saxon and Norse intervention. The established dynasties were challenged by men who asserted themselves within the kingdoms and exercised ephemeral supremacies. Of these the most successful was Gruffydd ap Llywelyn.
After Maredudd's death the combined kingdoms of Gwynedd and Deheubarth were ruled from Gwynedd by Cynan Ap Hywel from 999-1005.
_____________________________
Maredudd became King of Deheubarth in 986 and directly proceeded to conquer Gwynedd. In 990 he raided and plundered Maes Hyfaidd (Radnorshire) which was then in the possession of the Mercians. In the same year the Saxons devastated his territory and in 993 it was wasted by the plague. Both the Danes and the Saxons caused him much trouble during his entire reign. His nephews also tried to regain Gwynedd, but he was successful over all his enemies. It is said that he obtained Powys through his mother which made him King of all Wales. In the Bruts he is acclaimed as the "most famous King of the Britons" (Lloyd). He died in 998 or 999 leaving an only daughter and sole heiress, Angharad. She married Llewelyn ap Sesyll, who assumed the reins of government. They had one son, Gruffydd. LLewelyn died in 1023 and the kingdom was held by others until 1039 when the son, Gruffydd, succeded to the throne. Angharad took unto herself a second husband, Cynfyn. [The Weaver Genealogy]
________________________________
Maredudd was a skilled military leader. He successfully controlled a Viking invasion of Anglesey and allowed some Viking settlement there - enabling him to use Viking forces for a raid on Morgannwg to his southeast in 992. He pushed the Saxons back across the generally recognized border between Welsh and Saxon lands.
He was, however, nagged by the designs of his nephews Tweder, Edwin and Cadell, sons of his brother Owain, who wanted some of the southern territories for themselved. Tewdwr was killed in one of these skirmished in 994.
While Maredudd ruled for thirteen years, after his death the kingdoms more or less fell apart with several competing claimants. Cynan ap Hywel, his 3rd cousin once removed, apparently ruled the combined kingdoms until his own death in 1003. They Llywelyn ap Seisyll took control of Gwynedd, and later, through marriage with Maredudd's daughter Angharad, controlled Deheubarth

Maredudd ab Owain (died c. 999) was a 10th-century king in Wales of the High Middle Ages. A member of the House of Dinefwr, his patrimony was the kingdom of Deheubarth comprising the southern realms of Dyfed, Ceredigion, and Brycheiniog. Upon the death of his father King Owain around AD 988, he also inherited the kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys, which he had conquered for his father. He was counted among the Kings of the Britons by the Chronicle of the Princes.

Maredudd was the younger son of King Owain of Deheubarth and the grandson of King Hywel the Good. Owain had inherited the kingdom through the early death of his brothers and Maredudd, too, came to the throne through the death of his elder brother Einion around 984. Around 986, Maredudd captured Gwynedd from its king Cadwallon ab Ieuaf. He may have controlled all Wales apart from Gwent and Morgannwg.

Maredudd married verch Hywel Dda, Lady Angharad in 958 in Flintshire, Wales. Angharad was born in 943 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in 1019 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: MPQW-MGB
• Name: Morvydd ap Ynir
• Name: Morvydd Verch Ynyr
• Birth: Between 7 Jan 1077 and 6 Jan 1078, Wales

Morvydd married ap Clodien, Gwaethfoed in 1099 in Glamorgan, Wales. Gwaethfoed (son of ap Caradog, Gwrydr Hir and verch Owain, Morfydd) was born in 1075 in Glamorgan, Wales; died in 1104. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Deheubarth
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Gwynedd
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Powys
• FSID: 9HVH-9GD

Notes:

Biography
Angharad verch Maredydd Queen of Powys was born in about 0982

Parents
Angharad's father was Maredydd ap Owain, son of Owain ap Hywel and Angharad verch Llewelyn.

994 First Marriage to Llywelyn ap Seisyll
In 994 Angharad married Llywelyn ap Seisyll.

The marriage of Angharad and Llywelyn is confirmed by the Chronicle of the Princes of Wales which records that "Bleddyn son of Cynvyn and Gruffudd son of Llywelyn were brothers by the same mother Angharad daughter of Meredudd king of the Britons".

Llywelyn was aged 14 at the time (so born in 980). The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Llywelyn son of Seisyllt lord of Maes Essyllt although but a youth not more than fourteen years of age" married "Yngharad, daughter of Meredydd on of Owain" in 994

1023 Anghard's Second Marriage to Cynfyn ap Gwerstan
As the widow of Llywelyn, Angharad married secondly in 1023 Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, King of Powys, son of Gwerstan.

Death
She died in Wales in 1077 (83-91)

Issue
Angharad had children by two marriages. Her second husband Cynfyn likely had children by a previous wife, and these children are sometimes mis-attributed to Angharad.

1.) Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, son of Angharad and her first husband Llewelyn. Gruffydd, king of Gwynedd & Powys was born about 1011 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales and died 5 August 1063. He was the child of Llywelyn ap Seisyllt and Angharad verch Maredudd. Gruffydd did not succeed his father, possibly because he was too young to do so when his father died in 1023. Gruffydd went on to become the first King of Wales, however he was killed by his own men in 1063. Gruffydd's own sons Maredudd and Idwal died in 1069, fighting at the Battle of Mechain. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn inflicted a series of defeats on the English, and made alliances with the enemies of King Edward the Confessor. Gruffydd fought a long campaign against rival kings to win overall control of Wales. By 1055, he had become master of Deheubarth and had expanded his rule to the lesser kingdoms of Morgannwg (Glamorgan) and Gwent. In 1063, Earl Harold Godwinsson (later Harold II) and his brother Tostig made a joint attack on Gwynedd. At the same time, Deheubarth rebelled against Gruffydd's rule. Gruffydd fled and was murdered by his own men. Gruffydd married Ealdgyth, a daughter of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia. Ealdgyth married second in circa 1064 to Harold Godwinson, the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. Ealdgyth and Gruffydd had a son: Maredudd ap Gruffydd who was excluded from the throne by his uncles Bleddyn ap Cynfyn and Rhywallon ap Cynfyn. Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, king of the Britons

2.) Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn ap Gwerystan, son of Angharad and Cynfyn, born c. 1024, was elevated to king of Powys after the death of Gruffudd ap Llewelyn Rhiwallon was killed in the Battle of Mechain, about 1068. This is the most concrete date associated with Rhiwallon. Warriors were generally young men, though the princes for whom they fought were often older and also expected to fight. Estimate that Rhiwallon was aged 45 at Mechain, and his birth year would be, say, 1025, or if the first born of his mother's second marriage, 1024. Florence of Worcester records that he was appointed King of Powys by King Edward "the Confessor" after the defeat of Gruffydd. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records in 1106 that "Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, were brothers, from Angharad daughter of king Maredudd". Florence of Worcester records that he was appointed King of Powys by King Edward "the Confessor" after the defeat of Gruffydd. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "the action of Mechain took place between Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, Maredudd and Ithel, sons of Gruffudd" in 1068, adding that "Ithel was killed in the battle and Maredudd died of cold in his flight, and Rhiwallon son of Cynvyn was slain". The name of Rhiwallon´s wife is not known.

3.) Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, born c. 1025, who was made king of Gwynedd after Gruffudd's death in 1063, and additionally king of Powys when Rhiwallon was killed in 1069 Bleddyn ap Cynfyn of Deheubarth was born in 1025 and died in 1075. Bleddyn ap Cynfyn born about 1025 Montgomeryshire, Bleddyn ap Cynfyn was the son of Princess Angharad ferch Maredudd (of the Dinefwr dynasty of Deheubarth) and her second husband Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records in 1106 that "Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, were brothers, from Angharad daughter of king Maredudd". He succeeded his uterine half-brother in 1063 as King of Gwynedd and Powys. He married secondly m. Haer ferch Gillin, and thirdly a daughter of Brochwel

4.) Gwerfyl, born c. 1026, who married Gwrgan ap Ithel Ddu of Glamorgan, and was mother to Iestyn ap Gwrgan. Without naming her, Boyer, following Bartrum, notes a daughter of Cynfyn who married Gwrgan ab Ithel ab Idwallon ap Morgan Mawr (who was King of Morgannwg).

Angharad married ap Seisyll, King Llewelyn in 994. Llewelyn (son of ap Brochwel, Seisyll and verch Eliseg, Trawst) was born in 980 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales; died on 23 Oct 1023 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LHWQ-71W

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Gwynedd, Deheubarth, and Powys
• FSID: M1W5-BFF
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1055 and 1063, Wales; High King of Wales

Notes:

Gruffydd ap Llewellyn, King of the Britons
Birth: circa 1007, Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales
Immediate Family: son of Llewellyn ap Seisyll and Angharad verch Maredudd, husband of Guerta o Deheubarth and Ealdgyth, father of Nest ferch Gruffydd; Idwal ap Gruffydd; Maredudd ap Gruffydd and Owain Gruffudd, brother of Rhiwallon ap Llewelyn, half brother of Gwenwyn verch Cynfyn; Bleddyn Ap Cynfyn, King of Powys; Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, Prince of Powys; Angharad verch Cynfyn and Llewelyn ap Cynfyn

Update May 18 2018:
1039-Takes Powys and Gwynedd, kills Iago ap Idwal.
1045-Deheubarth is seized from him by Gruffydd ap Rhydderch who reigns over it for the next ten years.
1055-Gruffydd ap Llywelyn kills Gruffydd ap Rhydderch and regains Deheubarth.
1057-He becomes the first and last prince to unite and rule over all of Wales.
5 Aug 1063-Killed by his own men after his defeat in battle to Harold Godwinson
Per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Llywelyn His head was sent to Harold, the one who had defeated him. Then Harold married Gruffydd's widow, Ealdgyth, but Harold died 3 years later.

While many different leaders in Wales claimed the title of 'King of Wales', the country was only truly united once: under the rule of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn from 1055 to 1063.

His 1st wife's name in not known, his 2nd wife was Ealdgyth, daughter of Earl Ælfgar of Mercia; the 2 women should not be confused OR MERGED!

Gruffydd married of Mercia, Lady Ealdgyth in 1054 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales. Ealdgyth (daughter of of Mercia, Ælfgar and Mallet, Ælfgifu) was born in 1040 in Kingdom of Mercia, England; died in 1066 in Chester, Cheshire, England; was buried in 1066 in Spalding, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Lord of Esginbrath
• Appointments / Titles: Lord of Scenfrith
• FSID: LCMG-Y8R

Philip married ap Rhys, Gladis in 1220. Gladis was born in 1178 in Glamorgan, Wales; died in 1238 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Princess of Wales
• FSID: G8ZS-9TQ

Family/Spouse: FitzAlan, Fledaldus. Fledaldus (son of Seneschal, Allan and de Lumley, Margaret Filia Rex) was born in 1046 in Dol, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; died in 1106 in Dol, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Mrs
• FSID: LCMC-CW4
• Name: G Ferch Philip
• Name: G Ferch Philip
• Name: Gladia
• Name: Gladia
• Name: Gladis Verch Philip
• Name: Gladis Verch Philip
• Name: Gladis Verch Philip
• Name: Gladis Verch Philip
• Name: Gladis Verch Philip
• Name: Gladis( Gwladys)
• Name: Gladis( Gwladys)
• Name: Gladwys ap Phillip
• Name: Gladwys ap Phillip
• Name: Gladys
• Name: Gladys
• Name: Gladys (ab) Philip Rhys
• Name: Gladys (ab) Philip Rhys
• Name: Gladys da Philip
• Name: Gladys da Philip
• Name: Gladys Philip
• Name: Gladys Philip
• Name: Gladys Rhys
• Name: Gladys Rhys
• Name: Gwaladys
• Name: Gwaladys
• Name: Gwladis vch Philip Bach
• Name: Gwladis vch Philip Bach
• Name: Gwladus ferch Philip
• Name: Gwladus ferch Philip
• Name: Gwladus verch Philip
• Name: Gwladus verch Philip
• Name: Gwladys Verch Philip
• Name: Gwladys Verch Philip
• Birth: Between 8 Jan 1220 and 7 Jan 1221, Morgannwg Gwlad (Historical), Glamorgan, Wales
• Death: Between 8 Jan 1280 and 7 Jan 1281, Wales

Family/Spouse: ap Rhys, Elidur. Elidur (son of ap Goronwy, Rhys and verch Griffin, Margaret) was born in 1217 in Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in 1283 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Military: Mercenary for King Henry I of England
• Appointments / Titles: Lord
• Appointments / Titles: Sir Knight
• Life Event: Oswestry, Shropshire, England; Chevalier (Knight) breton et baron de Oswerty
• Life Event: Shropshire, England; Sheriff of Shropshire
• Life Event: Dol, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; Steward of Dol
• FSID: K2NQ-X1C
• Religion: Founder of the Sporle Priory
• Life Event: 1086; Witness to Mezuoit Charter in France
• Military: 1097; Took part in the First Crusade

Notes:

After an anonymous work of 1874 drew attention to a strong connection between Alan Fitz Flaad and Brittany, and confirmed Flaad's relationship to Alan the Seneschal, J. Horace Round definitively established and publicized Alan Fitz Flaad's true Breton origins

Alan had two wives, the first one died about 1114 and is not known by name, they had one child together, he then married Avelina before 1126 and had the rest of the children known. Do not merge those wives please. Check sources below.

Alan fitz Flaad was a Breton knight, probably recruited as a mercenary by Henry, son of William the Conqueror, in his conflicts with his brothers. After Henry became King of England, Alan became an assiduous courtier and obtained large estates in Norfolk, Sussex, Shropshire, and elsewhere in the Midlands, including the feudal barony and castle of Oswestry in Shropshire.

Progenitor of Stewart Kings of Scotland and FitzAlan Earls of Arundel

Alan married de Hesdin, Lady Avelina in 1114 in Dol, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France. Avelina (daughter of de Hesdin, Sir Ernulf and Baladon, Lady Emmelina) was born in 1088 in Hesdin-l'Abbé, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died in 1126 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England; was buried in 1126 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: [Knight/Seplchr]
• Name: Elider Ddy
• Name: Elidor Fitz- Uryan Knight of the Sepuicher
• Birth: Between 8 Jan 1214 and 8 Jan 1305, Wales

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Oswestry, Shropshire, England; Lord
• FSID: LCTX-HJN

Notes:

William FitzAlan (1105–1160) was a nobleman of Breton ancestry. He was a major landowner, a Marcher lord with large holdings in Shropshire, where he was the Lord of Oswestry, as well as in Norfolk and Sussex. He took the side of Empress Matilda during the Anarchy and underwent considerable hardship in the Angevin cause before regaining his lands and former status. William's younger brother, Walter fitz Alan (d. 1177), became ancestor of the royal House of Stuart.

Background and early life
William was born around 1105. He was the eldest son and heir of Alan fitz Flaad, a Breton noble whose family were closely associated with the sacred environs of Dol-de-Bretagne, close to the border with Normandy and a short distance south-west of the great abbey of Mont Saint-Michel. Alan was a close ally of Henry I of England (1100-1135), who was determined to insert reliable supporters into strategically key areas after the disloyalty of Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury, who had a strong support network in the Marches. Alan received extensive fiefs in Shropshire and Norfolk from around the beginning of Henry's reign and more as he proved his worth. Much of the Shropshire land was taken from the holdings of Rainald de Bailleul, ancestor of the House of Balliol, as was land around Peppering, near Arundel in Sussex.[1]

William's mother was Avelina de Hesdin. Her father was Ernulf de Hesdin (also transcribed as Arnulf), a crusader baron from Hesdin in Artois, which was a fief of the County of Flanders and only loosely attached to France. Ernulf built up large holdings in Staffordshire and Gloucestershire. After his death in the First Crusade, Avelina's brother, also called Ernulf, inherited his lands and titles.

Baron and rebel
William succeeded his father around 1114, probably still aged under 10. He was appointed the High Sheriff of Shropshire by Adeliza of Louvain, the second wife of Henry I.[2] His first notable appearance is as a witness to King Stephen's charter to Shrewsbury Abbey in 1136.

As Sheriff of the county, William was also castellan of Shrewsbury Castle. In 1138, he joined in the revolt against Stephen and garrisoned the castle against the king. After resisting the attacks of the royal army for a month,[2] he fled with his family in August 1138, leaving the castle to be defended by his uncle, Ernulf de Hesdin. When the town fell, Stephen acted in anger, hanging Ernulf and 93 others immediately, frightening the local people and magnates into transferring their allegiance to him.[2]

William was deprived of his lands and titles and spent the next fifteen years in exile, until the accession of Henry II to power in place of Stephen in 1153–4.[2][3] He was a close supporter of the Angevin cause, accompanying the Empress or her son on numerous occasions. He was present with Empress Matilda at Oxford in the summer of 1141,[4] and shortly after at the siege of Winchester Castle. He remained in attendance on her at Devizes, witnessing the charter addressed to himself by which she grants Aston to Shrewsbury Abbey. In June 1153 he was present with Henry FitzEmpress, then Duke of Normandy, at Leicester. It was during this period that his younger brother, Walter, used the family's royal connections to make a new career in Scotland under David I of Scotland, an uncle of the Empress.

William's active support did not end with Henry's accession to the throne. In July 1155, when the king marched against Hugh de Mortimer, a turbulent Marcher lord who had been a key supporter of Stephen, and recaptured the castles at Shrewsbury and Bridgnorth, William FitzAlan was the chief beneficiary. At Bridgnorth 'the king restored his lands' and William there received the feudal homage of his tenants. Thus he regained his paternal fief. He was also restored as High Sheriff of Shropshire in 1155, holding the post until his death in 1160.

Benefactor
It was probably between 1130 and 1138 that FitzAlan made the first recorded grant to Haughmond Abbey: a fishery at Preston Boats on the River Severn, near Shrewsbury.[1] It is possible that there was a hermitage or a small religious community at Haughmond even in his father's time, and a small church from this earlier period has been revealed by excavations on the site, so it is not clear that William was the founder of the abbey. However, it was he who set it on a secure financial basis, with a series of important land grants in Shropshire and Sussex, which were reciprocated by other magnates in the region. Haughmond received lands from the Empress, confirmed by Stephen and Henry II. William continued to make benefactions to it when he returned from exile, including the wealthy portionary church of Wroxeter, declaring his intention to increase the number of priests there too. He also made grants to nearby Lilleshall Abbey, another Augustinian house.[5] Though not the founder of Wombridge Priory, a smaller Augustinian house, he sanctioned its foundation by the Hadley family, his vassals.[6] It was, however, Haughmond that became the FitzAlan shrine, with all heads of the family after William buried there for a century and a half.[1]

Death and burial
William died around Easter 1160. He was buried at Shrewsbury Abbey, according to Eyton, noted in the Haughmond Abbey history ("After William FitzAlan (I), who left his body for burial in Shrewsbury Abbey").[1]

Family and heritage
William's first wife was Christiana. She was the niece of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, an illegitimate son of Henry I, and thus cousin to William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, who was a principal supporter of the Empress. She was the mother of his heir and other children.

William's eldest son and heir was also called William FitzAlan.
Christiana, their daughter married Hugh Pantulf, 4th Baron of Wem, a later High Sheriff of Shropshire.
His wife Christiana died before William regained his ancestral estates in 1155. Henry II therefore gave him the hand of Isabel de Say.[7] She was the sole heiress of Helias de Say, who held the lordship of Clun[8] and was an early benefactor of Haughmond Abbey. Clun was to pass to the FitzAlans on the death of Helias, but he outlived William, so it passed to his son, the second William. Isabel brought prestige as well as land.

The FitzAlans remained important Marcher lords and magnates in central England for several centuries. A strategic marriage with their Sussex neighbours, the d'Aubigny family, brought the FitzAlans the rich and important Earldom of Arundel. This they held from 1243 until 1580. It was as earls of Arundel that William FitzAlan's descendants made their most important mark on the history of England.

In literature
The taking of Shrewsbury in 1138 by King Stephen, including the escape of William FitzAlan and the hanging of the supporters who did not escape, was the historical background for the novel One Corpse Too Many by Ellis Peters.[9] Agents of FitzAlan are characters in a few of the later novels in The Cadfael Chronicles.

Buried:
Abby

William married of England, Christiana in 1140 in Oswestry, Shropshire, England. Christiana was born in 1120 in England; died in 1153 in Oswestry, Shropshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LCSZ-NH6
• Name: Philip ap Elidir
• Name: Philip ap- Elider Fitz- Uryan
• Name: Phillip ap Elder Fitz- Uryan
• Name: Phillip ap Elder Fitz- Uryan
• Name: Phillip ap Elider Fitz Uryan
• Name: Phillip Ap Elidir Fitz- Uryan
• Name: Phillip Ap Elidor Fitz- Uryan
• Name: Phillip ap_ Elider Fitz_ Uryan
• Name: Phillip ap- Elider FitzUryan
• Name: Phillip ap. Elder Fetz Uryan
• Name: Phillip Fitz Uryan

Family/Spouse: verch David, Glady. Glady (daughter of Vras, David) was born in UNKNOWN in Wales; died in DECEASED in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LH5H-7RJ

Christiana married Pantulf, Hugh in 1170 in Wem, Shropshire, England. Hugh (son of de Pantulf, Ivo and de Verdun, Alicia) was born in 1145 in Wem, Shropshire, England; died on 28 Dec 1224 in Wem, Shropshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Life Event: Joan Pantulf d/p Hugh Pantulf & Christiana FitzAlan she had a sister Juiana - 1211 - Philip Haudenby (Holdenby) & Jusliana his wife, held certain lands in Haldenby, which after for death should have descended as his inherirance to ROBERT Trian , her nephew were summoned for enduring to defraud the said Robert, by the adoption of a child and passing the child (Albert Hartstone) as their own
• Life Event: William De Trian was her first husband, William Bouqueto her second, and Philip D\'Aubigny her third.
• FSID: LBPZ-4RC
• Birth: 1194, Oxenton, Gloucestershire, England

Notes:

Joan Pantulf
d/p Hugh Pantulf & Christiana FitzAlan

she had a sister Juiana - 1211 - Philip Haudenby (Holdenby) & Jusliana his wife, held certain lands in Haldenby, which after for death
should have descended as his inherirtance to ROBERT Trian , her nephew
were summoned for enduring to defraud the said Robert, by the adoption of a child and
passing the child (Albert Hartstone) as their own

William De Trian was her first husband, William Bouqueto her second, and Philip D'Aubigny her third.

Family/Spouse: de Trian, William. William (son of de Trian, Robert) was born in 1160 in Kent, England; died in 1207 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Nicholas (Sir Lord) Ap Philip Jones
• Name: Nicholas ap Phylip

Family/Spouse: verch Gruffydd, Janet. Janet was born in 1373 in Carmarthenshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LBP7-HKB

Notes:

Eustachia Trian, Heir of brother
d/o William Trian, of Oxenton, Gloucester & Joan Haudenby
b- Oxenton, Gloucester, England
m- 1- 1203 - Robert Neville d- 1220
(nephew of Stepfather Philip Aubigny)

m- 2- after 1220 -Ralph de la Haye
d- 1253

1214 - heir of brother Robert Trian - Oxenton, Gloucester & Holdenby, Northampton & Brampton, Northamptonshire, & land Tarring Neville, Sussex

25 April 1214 - order to Bishop of Wincester to give seisin to ROBERT Neville, the manor of Oxenton, Gloucester, which was held by Robert Trian, his wife Eustachia's brother

Eustache married de la Haye, Ralph V in 1221. Ralph (son of de la Haye, Ralph IV and Burwell, Sarah) was born in 1185 in Burwell, Lincolnshire, England; died in Jun 1254 in Burwell, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Death: Herefordshire, England
• FSID: LDZF-Y3J
• Name: Dafydd Llwyd (David Lloyd) Ap Vychan
• Name: Gruffydd ap Nicolas FitzUrban
• Name: Sir Lord Gruffudd Ap Nicholas Jones
• Birth: Between 9 Jan 1393 and 8 Jan 1394, Sheffield, Yorkshire, England
• Birth: Between 9 Jan 1393 and 8 Jan 1394, Manordeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales
• Birth: Between 9 Jan 1393 and 8 Jan 1394, Carmarthenshire, Wales
• Birth: Between 10 Jan 1435 and 9 Jan 1436, Tal-y-llyn, Merionethshire, Wales
• Death: 11 Jan 1461, Mortimer's Cross, Herefordshire, England
• Death: 10 Feb 1461, England
• Death: Between 10 Jan 1478 and 9 Jan 1479, Wales

Notes:

From The Thomas Family
SIR RHYS AP THOMAS, K.G.
Sir Rhys Ap Thomas, K.G., in the reigns of Henry the Seventh and Henry the Eighth of England, according to the Welsh antiquaries and historians, had an extant pedigree going back to Adam; but the historical part probably begins with Urien Rheged, a British prince, living, according to the best authorities, in the sixth century after Christ. Possibly the links that connect him with Sir Rhys may not all be of equal certainty, but that the latter was descended from Urien is the uniform judgment of all writers upon Welsh history and genealogy. Urien is called the son of Cynvarch Oer ap Meirchion Gul, a prince of the North Britons in Cumbria, on the borders of the kingdom of Strath Clyde. Driven out by the invading Saxons in the sixth century of our era, Cynvarch took refuge in Wales and entered the ranks of the clergy, founding the church of Llangynvarch or S. Kinemark's, Maelor in Flintshire. His name is on the pillar of Eliseg near Llangollen. He Nevyn, daughter of Brychan, who likewise entered religion and founded the church of S. Nevyn, Caernarvonshire. By her he had issue :1 Urien; Eurddyl, his twin sister, who m. Elider of the numerous clan; Aron, who was one of Arthur's "knights of counsel, so wise and prudent that no one could at any time defeat him ;" and Llew or Llewellyn, who m., according to the Romances, Anna, sister of King Arthur, and had two sons, Gwalchmai and Medrawd or Mordred, the traitor, one of the three royal knights, "whom neither king nor emperor could vanquish; if they could not succeed by fair means, they would by foul and disgraceful ones." Gwalchmai, Walweyn, or Gawain, the other son, is by some authorities described as the son of Anna and a second husband, Gwyar. He is celebrated as one of the three golden tongued knights, and such was their eloquence "that no one could refuse whatever they asked." Other Triads call him "one of the three most courteous men of Britain," and one of the " three scientific ones of the Isle, to whom there was nothing of which the elements were not known." William of Malmesbury states that in the year 1086 his tomb was discovered on the seashore of Rhos on Pembrokeshire, where there is a district called Walwen's castle.

Urien, the eldest son of Cynvarch, was a great patron of the bards, by whom he is called "brave as a lion and gentle as a maid." The Welsh Triads name him as one of " the three Bulls of Conflict" and "the three pillars of battle." In the Arthurian romances he appears as Sir Urience. All the authorities agree in representing Urien and his sons as strenuously opposing the Saxon advance, and fighting, Taliesin declares, as many as ten battles against Ida and Deoric of Northumbrian His greatest exploit was the expulsion of the Goidels, Gwyddelians, or Irish Scots, from the territory lying between the Tawe and Tavy rivers, and comprising Gowerland, Cydweli, Iscenen, Carnwallon, and Cantrev Bychan, to which was given the name of his father's northern principality, Rheged. About 567 he was treacherously slain by Llovan Llawdivo, while besieging Ida's son Deoric in the island of " Medcant," possibly Lindisfarne. Llywarch Hen, one of the greatest of the bards and the son of his father's younger brother, Elider Lydanwyn, in a long elegy celebrates his prowess and bewails his death.3 The Welsh pedigrees marry

cuted them with the boldness peculiar to his character. He met the Commissioners on their entry into Caermarthenshire, himself meanly dressed, and accompanied only by four or five attendants raggedly attired, and as miserably mounted. Right glad was Lord Whitney to find the truculent Welshman apparently in his power, and he was not a little astonished also to hear him offer his services to guide him to Caermarthen, the place of his destination. Their road followed the windings of the Bran to where that river unites with the Gwydderig in its confluence with the Towey. On the western bank, on a rocky eminence, was Gruffyd's Castle of Abermarlais, hidden from the Commissioners by the thick woods which lined the shores of the river. A graceful curve of the road, however, brought them to the foot of the gentle eminence on which the castle stood, and then Gruffyd, turning to the surprised Commissioners and pointing to the open postern, invited them, with a smile, to enter and refresh themselves. They were received with demonstrations of extreme respect by Gruffyd's son Thomas, at the head of one hundred horsemen handsomely dressed and gallantly mounted, and began to open their eyes to the real power and consequence of their companion. After having well refreshed themselves, the whole party, including Thomas ap Gruffyd and his armed retinue, left the castle. A little farther on their way they came to the ancient fortress of Dinevawr, not far from the town of Llandeilo Fawr, then the stronghold of Owen, Gruffyd's son. He received them at the head of a chosen body of two hundred armed horsemen, and played the part of host with such address that he contrived to draw from his guests the secret of their commission. The whole party then proceeded on their way, leaving the mountains for the plain where the Towey meets the Gwili, at the little village of Abergwili. Here they were met by a splendid body of five hundred " tall men " on foot, well armed and accoutred, and led by Gruffyd's eldest son. Thus magnificently attended the Commissioners entered Caermarthen, then the capital of South Wales. Gruffyd now excused himself from attendance on the Commissioners and committed to his sons the care of entertaining them at the banquet prepared in their honour at the Guild Hall. Lord Whitney privately sent for the Mayor, Stephen Griffith, and the Sheriff, and showing his commission, demanded their assistance to arrest Gruffyd, which it was determined should be done on the following morning.

The banquet was now prepared, and the Commissioners were escorted to it with much pomp by the sons of Gruffyd. The tables had been arranged along the centre of the floor, and according to the architecture of the time a row of pillars separated the upper end of the room, which was slightly elevated, from that part which was assigned to the less distinguished members of the assembly. Lord Whitney was conducted to a seat on the dais, splendidly hung with cloth of gold, and Owen placed himself upon his right hand. On either side of this elevated dais galleries had been raised, in which were placed the bards of that land of minstrelsy. The guests betook themselves with right good-will to the noble cheer provided, and Owen in particular plied them with Ypocras, Garhiofilac, and other delicate and precious drinks, which soon produced the desired effect upon the Commissioners. Lord Whitney after his conference with the authorities, and exhibiting to them his commission, carelessly placed it in his sleeve, which was made very wide after the fashion of the time, and often used for such purposes. During the revel, Owen abstracted it from its hiding-place, while Lord Whitney was in such a state of mental obscuration from the strong potations that had been pressed upon him, that he not only did not notice its loss at the time but retired to bed without doing so. Owen communicated to his father the success of their plans, but Gruff yd abated nothing of his formal courtesy to the Commissioners, and the next morning presented himself before them in the Guild Hall, splendidly dressed and attended by his sons and armed retainers. He was immediately arrested by the officers of the Court, to whom he made no resistance, but with an air of great humility requested that the proceedings against him might be conducted according to law, and asked to see their commission. Lord Whitney readily assented to his request, but upon putting his hand into his sleeve and finding the warrant gone, his consternation may be easily imagined. "Methinks Lord Whitney," said Gruff yd, " if he comes here, as he says, by the King's grace, must have valued his commission too highly to have committed it to the safe-keeping of that ruffle or carelessly to have lost it." Then dropping his assumed deference, clapping his hat upon his head, and turning to his friends and followers, he exclaimed: "What! have we cozeners and cheaters come hither to abuse the King's Majesty's power and to disquiet his true-hearted subjects?" Then looking on the Commissioners with a bitter frown, he said, " By the mass, before the next day come to an end, I will hang up all your bodies for traitors and impostors." The Commissioners were panic-stricken, and entreated for their lives; which Gruffyd at last granted on condition that Lord Whitney should put on his livery coat of blue and wear his cognizance, and be bound by an oath to go to the King so arrayed, acknowledge his own offences, and justify the Welshman's proceedings.
In 1451 a great eistedfodd was held at Caermarthen under the patronage of Gruffyd ap Nicholas, at which the rules of the Welsh metres Dosbarth Caerfyrrdin were determined. Gruffyd continuing his depredations upon the Lords Marchers was at length found guilty of felony on an indictment preferred against him in the Co. of Salop. This decision at once illumined his mind as to the rival claims of the Houses of York and Lancaster. A Lancastrian King had adjudged him a felon, the Uuke of York was therefore of necessity the champion of a good cause and him he would support. He joined Edward of March, the Duke's son, at Gloucester, with eight hundred men well armed and provisioned, and marched with him to Mortimer's Cross, in Herefordshire. Here on February 2, 1461, a battle was fought between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians under Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, in which Gruffyd was mortally wounded, surviving only long enough to know that his friends were victorious.

From The Thomas Family:

GRUFFYD AP NICHOLAS, m. 1st, Mabel, dau. of Meredith ap Henry Donne, of Kidwelly Castle, by whom he had a son and heir, Thomas; he m. 2d, a dau. of Sir John Perrott of Pembroke, by whom he had a dau. Maud, m. Sir John Scudamore, of Kentchurch, q. v., and 3d, Joan, dau. and co-h. of Jenken ap Rees ap David of Gilvach Wen, by whom he had Mabel, ///. Philip Mansel. He also had younger sons Owen, m. Olive, heiress of Henry Maliphant of Upton Castle, Pembroke, whose line ended in heiresses in 1760, and Thomas, junior. He was succeeded by his son Thomas ap Gruffyd.

Gruffydd married ap Donne, Mabel between 10 Jan 1457 and 9 Jan 1458. Mabel (daughter of ap Henry Donne, Meredith) was born in 1429 in Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in DECEASED in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LZN4-53B

Notes:

Joane was the widow of Ralph, son of Hugh

Joane married FitzHugh, Ralph in 1245. Ralph (son of FitzRalph, Lord Hugh and de Gresley, Agnes) was born in 1222 in Greasley, Nottinghamshire, England; died in 1258 in Ilkeston, Derbyshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: FitzUryan
• FSID: LDCW-1ZT

Notes:

From The Thomas Family:

Thomas ap Gruffyd, who is described as a man of a character very different from his turbulent father, and one of the most accomplished gentlemen of the age, with a mildness of disposition and elegance of manners rarely found in those cruel times of civil warfare. To avoid taking part in the contests of the rival houses of York and Lancaster he withdrew to the accomplished Court of Burgundy, then ruled over by Philip the Good, in whose service he enrolled himself. There he became famous for his boldness and skill in the tilt and tourney, and in single combat. After the death of his first wife, Elizabeth Griffith, his gallantry and gracious disposition are said to have won the affections of a near relative of the Duke, and Thomas, having probably offended by his presumption the Duke's heir, the Count of Charolois (afterward so well known as Charles the Bold) was compelled to return to Wales. There he had constant encounters with his neighbours, particularly Henry ap Gwilym of Court Henry in the Vale of Towey, between whose family and his there seems to have existed an ancient feud. His last duel took place some time toward the end of Henry the Sixth's reign, or the beginning of that of Edward the Fourth, when he fought with David Gough somewhere in Merionethshire and killed him. Having laid aside his armour and thrown himself upon the ground to rest after the combat, he was treacherously run through the body and killed by one of Cough's retainers. He was buried in the Abbey of Bardsey, Caernarvonshire.

He was m. to Elizabeth, dau. and heiress of Sir John Griffith of Abermarlais, and possibly1 to another Elizabeth, dau. of James de Burgoigne, natural son of Philip, Duke of Burgundy, or herself a natural dau. of the Duke; from her descended the great clan of Johnes of Abermarlais. Dolau Cothy, Llanbadarnfawr, and Hafod. It has given ten high sheriffs to Cardigan, Caermarthen, and Pembroke; numbered among its members Thomas Johnes, the translator of Froissart, and was represented by John Johnes, Esq., of Dolau Cothy, J. P. and D. L. for Caermarthen in 1872. By his first wife Thomas ap Gruffyd had issue:
L MORGAN, killed in the Civil Wars. .
ii. DAVID, killed in the Civil Wars.
Bi. A dau., m. GRIFFITH AP HOWELL, issue .
JAMES AP GRIFFITH (f. v.).

iv. MARGARET, m. SIR RICHARD HERBERT, of Coldbrook (a. v.).
v. RHYS or REES, his heir, of whom presently.
vi. Another dau., m. JOHN, 4th son of WILLIAM HERBERT, Earl of
Pembroke {a. v.).
rii. DAVID 2d.
viii. JOHN.
bt. Possibly a second MARGARET, m. JOHN HERLE, of Brecknock.
Thomas ap Gruffydd's two elder sons, Morgan and David, became, immediately on their father's decease, warm partizans, on opposite sides, of the houses of York and Lancaster. When Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, after the overthrow of Queen Margaret at Tewkesbury, retired to Pembroke, accompanied by his nephew, Henry, Earl of Richmond, Morgan ap Thomas invested the castle, in order to prevent their escaping out of the country. Upon this David ap Thomas hastily collected together about two thousand men, armed any way,
1 Reusnenes says: '"One such daughter married apud Britones."
fell on the besiegers by surprise, obliged them to retire, and gave the Earl and his young charge an opportunity to escape to Tenby, whence they immediately sailed to Brittany. This is nearly all that is recorded of these two brothers. But both are said to have lost their lives in the Wars of the Roses.

Thomas married Griffith, Mrs Elizabeth in 1445 in Carmarthenshire, Wales. Elizabeth (daughter of Griffith, John Francis and Tyrwhit, Catherine) was born in 1425 in Wichnor, Staffordshire, England; died in 1514 in Newton House, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; was buried in 1514 in Caernarvonshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GZ7Q-74N

Eustacia married de Ros, William II in 1278 in England. William (son of de Ros, Sir William I and FitzPiers, Lucy) was born in 1244 in Ingmanthorpe, Yorkshire, England; died on 28 May 1310 in Yorkshire, England; was buried on 28 May 1310 in Greyfriars, York, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]