| Notes |
“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).”
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Adélaïde of Paris, also known as Aélis, was the second wife of Louis the Stammerer, King of West Francia, and the mother of Charles the Simple. Adélaïde was born about 850/853 in Paris, the daughter of Adalard of Paris, the eighth Count of Paris and a Count palatine. She had one brother Wulfhard, and her uncle, Hilduin the Young, was the abbot of Saint-Denis.
In 862 Louis the Stammerer secretly married Ansgarde of Burgundy against the wishes of his father. Louis and Ansgarde had two children, Louis and Carloman.
However, Charles the Bald chose Adelaide to marry his son and heir, therefor, Charles prevailed upon Pope John VIII, to dissolve the union of Louis and Ansgarde. This accomplished, Charles married his son, Louis, to Adelaide in February 875.
The marriage was called into question because of the close blood-kinship of the pair. Louis eventually succeeded his father and on 7 September 878 the pope crowned Louis King of West Francia but refused to crown Adelaide.
Adelaide was pregnant when Louis the Stammerer died in Compiegne on 10 April 879. Adelaide gave birth 5 months later on 17 September 879, to Charles the Simple. Louis first wife Ansgarde and her sons accused Adelaide of adultery;
Adelaide in turn disputed the right of Ansgarde's sons to inherit. Eventually, Adelaide succeeded in winning the case, Charles was deemed the legitimate son of Louis.
In 898 when Charles eventually succeeded to his father's throne, his mother assisted in crowning him.
Adelaide died on 10 November 901 in Laon, and was buried in the Abbey of Saint-Corneille, Compiègne, Picardy.
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850 - 901 (51 years)
[2, 3, 4] 
