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- Rückert, Friedrich
friedrichruecker
Friedrich Rückert
Pseudonyms: Freimund Raimar, Reimar, Reimer
* 16.05.1787, Schweinfurt
† 31.01.1866, Neuses (today: district of Coburg)
Late romantic poet, founder of German Orientalism, poet and translator of Far Eastern and Oriental poetry
The son of the Rentbeamten Johann Adam Rückert (born 03.01.1763, Schwarzbach, b Hildburghausen - 30.12.1835, Schweinfurt) is born in Schweinfurt and grows up in Oberlauringen / Lower Franconia. In the poetic-humorous cycle of his childhood memories in 1829 he recalls memories from the childhood years of a village man's son . After attending grammar school in Schweinfurt, he began law school in 1805 at the University of Würzburg, but soon turned to philology and aesthetics. During his studies he is active in the Corps Franconia Würzburg . In 1810 he becomes a member of the Masonic Lodge "Karl zum Rautenkranz" in Hildburghausen .In 1811 he has a job as a lecturer in Jena and for a short time he is a high school teacher. Then he settles down as a private scholar in Würzburg. During this time he often stays in Würzburg, in Hildburghausen and in his parents' home in Schweinfurt. In the Napoleonic era, he is known for his poetry extraordinary. His Geharnischten Sonnets gain great popularity under the pseudonym Freimund Raimar against the French foreign rule. The sonnets are published in 1814 without naming the publisher and the printing place.
Minister v. Wangenheim gives him a stay in Stuttgart. There he accepts the editorship of poetry part of the Cotta morning for sheet formed objects, further it is 1817 for the rim of the time charge . As a poet he was very productive at that time, writing Napoleon from 1816 to 1818 , a political comedy in two parts.
In 1817 he undertook a long journey to Italy, where he maintains good contacts with German artists, including Carl Barth, whom he describes as " my dear friend and engraver" , which has become the "winged word" in Germany. In 1818/19 he returned to Vienna via Vienna. In Vienna he learns with Joseph v. Hammer Purgstall Persian. Then he is from 1820 to 1826 in Ebern and Coburg private teacher. In 1821 he moved to the house of the Archivist Fischer in Neuses near Coburg. He married on December 26, 1821 his daughter Luise Wiethaus-Fischer, with whom he has ten children. Here he translates parts of the Koran and the Hamasa of Abu Tamman 788 - 845) and in 1822 gives his first large collection of poems The Eastern Rosesout. In literary studies, the volume is referred to as Rückert's reply to Goethe's West-Eastern Divan . In 1826 he was called to Erlangen as Professor of Oriental Languages and Literatures.
In the winter of 1833/34 he must complain of the death of his two favorite children Luise († December 31, 1833) and Ernst († January 16, 1834). In memory he writes about 400 Kindertotenlieder. Some have also become world famous in the setting by Gustav Mahler (1901, 1904).
In 1841 he was called to Berlin by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV (his mother is Queen Louise of Prussia, whose sister is the Duchess Charlotte of Sachsen-Hildburghausen). On May 31, 1842 Rückert is awarded by the art-loving king of the Order Pour le Mérite for science and the arts . Until 1848 he lives with many interruptions in Berlin, but it pushes him back to his Franconian homeland. The king dismisses him and grants him half of his previous salary until the end of his life. He retires to his estate near Neuses. His creative refuge becomes the local Goldberg. He remains extraordinarily productive until the end of his life, releasing the house and year songs and the Hamasa (1846).
His grave is located next to the village church of Coburg-Neuses.
Awards
1838 Bavarian Order of St. Michael I. class
1841 Government Council
1842 Order Pour le mérite for Science and Arts (1842)
1853 Bavarian Maximilian Order (1853)
1859 honorary member of the Pegnesian Flower Order
1863 honorary member of the free German high pin , Frankfurt / Main
1865 Honorary citizen of Schweinfurt
- Commander of the Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe
From 1832 he is a correspondent and from 1859 an external member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.
In his life he dealt with 44 languages (translations, teaching, linguistics):
Afghan , Albanian , Old Slavonic , Arabic , Armenian , Ethiopian , Avestinian , Azeri , Berber , Biblical- Aramaic , English , Estonian , Finnish , French , Gothic , Greek , Hawaiian , Hebrew , Hindustan , Italian , Kannada , Coptic ,Kurdish , Latin , Latvian , Lithuanian , Malay , Malayalam , Maltese , Modern Greek , Neo-Persian , Pali , Portuguese , Prakrit , Russian , Samaritan , Sanskrit , Swedish , Spanish , Syriac , Tamil , Telugu , Chagata , Turkish .
monuments
- In 1833, the sculptor Carl Ernst Conrad, Hildburghausen, exhibits in the exhibition of the Berlin Academy the model of a bust of Friedrich Rückert, which comes into the possession of the Bavarian King. (King Ludwig I, his wife Therese is the daughter of the Duchess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen). The sculptor Müller from Meiningen designed after the model of a larger than life bust of Carrara marble. On a Syenitsockel she stands today in Rückert Park in Coburg-Neuses. The monument was unveiled on October 28, 1869.
- On the Berlin Kreuzberg (Viktoriapark) stands a Hermenstele Rückerts (Herme - pillar shaft with attached head and shoulders), designed by Prof. Ferdinand Lepcke (1866 - 1909). (Lepcke comes from Coburg, his mother from Hildburghausen.) He designed the bronze Bismarck relief at the Bismarck Tower in Hildburghausen [02.09.1908 Unveiling]).
- For the Schweinfurt market square on October 18, 1890 a memorial, designed by Prof. Friedrich Thiersch and Prof. Wilhelm v. Rümann, consecrated. He is sitting on an armchair, resting on his feet two female figures. They stand as allegories for his poetry cycles, Harnessed Sonnets and The Wisdom of the Brahmin.
- In 1904, a fountain monument was erected in the Schlossgarten Erlangen in Art Nouveau forms.
Rückert's art historically significant portraits are known from Carl Barth, Carl August Hohnbaum d. J. (both Hildburghausen) and also by the portrait and genre painter Bertha Froriep (1833, Berlin - 1920, Weimar).
rueckert1
Friedrich Rückert
steel engraving by Carl Barth
(after a preliminary drawing from 1843)
rueckert
Portrait of Friedrich Rückert
By Bertha Froriep (1864)
Compositions: In 1859 the composer and conductor Robert Radecke (1830 - 1911) set the poem Aus dem Jugendzeit out of his youth . Five Kindertotenlieder is set to music by Gustav Mahler. Other compositions by Rückert by Franz Schubert , Robert Schumann , Clara Schumann , Johannes Brahms , Carl Loewe , Heinrich Kaspar Schmid , Richard Strauss and Felix Draeseke . Heinrich Kaspar Schmid (1874 - 1953) set to music in opus 8 This is how I change my mindfor baritone and piano. In the song play to the lute, or also piano opus 31, he makes seven songs ( guardian, late and early, in the spring, the nodding mother: love in the little one, decoy, all love, autumn breath ). In 1993, the British songwriter Anne Clark (* 1960) set to music several of Rückert's poems (including Ich bin dem Welt ) in her album The law is Anagram of Wealth .
Poems by Friedrich Rückert
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1787 - 1866 (78 years)
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