Notes
Matches 7,651 to 7,700 of 7,802
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| 7651 | When JONATHAN DAVOL (DAVEL or DEVOL) was born on August 11, 1639, in Duxbury, Massachusetts, his father, WILLIAM, was 24 and his mother, ELIZABETH, was 18. He married HANNAH AUDLEY (ODLIN) and they had 11 children together. He then married MARTHA SPOONER. He died in 1737 in Dartmouth, Massachusetts, at the impressive age of 98. story Was baptized about eight days old AUDLYN according to Milks Family History page four. daughter of John and Margaret Odlin (Audlyn-Audley), armorer and cutler of Boston. Dartmouth had become a refuge for Quakers fleeing from other parts of the colonies in 1664 and many of his family were Quakers. (P) =PROOF...THIS PERSON IS LISTED ON AN APPLICATION APPROVED BY THE MAYFLOWER SOCIETY Wife: This profile was previously connected to as a spouse to Hannah Audley. According to an article in The American Genealogist, that identification is incorrect and the wife named in his probate documents was named Marah/Mary (birth surname unknown). Jonathan was also NOT married to Hannah Odlin.[1] Mother: This profile was previously connected as a son to Isabel Elizabeth Anderson. William Deuell/Davol's wife(s) remain unproven. | Devol, Jonathan (I32875)
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| 7652 | At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Rall, Kenneth L (I5496)
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| 7653 | When Lola died, Harold abandoned the five children and a maternal aunt raised the children and adopted them. Kenneth was adopted by a sister of Lola named Francis whose last name was Rall. The other aunt's last name was Smelb. | Freudenberg, Harold (I21563)
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| 7654 | When the Quakers refused to report for required "muster and training of the troops," they were fined. George was assessed a cow and a heifer. Wakefield, Robert FASG (Revision), Mayflower Familes in Progress, George Soule of the Mayflower and his Descendants for Four Generations., General Society of Mayflower Descendants, Originally compiled by (Uncle) John E. Soule, Col., USA, Ret., M.C.E., and Milton E. Terry, PhD., Second.) George lived in Plymouth, Duxbury and Dartmouth where his children were born and raised. His will dated Dartmouth 29 Mar 1697, proved 30 Jun 1704, bequeaths to then eldest son William, son John, son Nathan, daughter Deborah, daughters Mary, Lydia and Sarah when they reach eighteen; well-beloved wife Deborah and son William to execute the estate; friends Joseph Tripp and George Cadman to be overseers. The widow Deborah Soule repudiated the will on "ye 22 day of ye 4th month 1704". His granddaughter Mary Coggeshall, daughter of son George, contested his will and was awarded (1719) a share representing her father's rights. Deborah Soule left a will dated Dartmouth, proved 1 Mar 1709 as the wife of George Soule Sr., late of Dartmouth deceased. She bequeathed to daughter Sarah, sons William and Nathan, daughters Mary Divel, Lediah Browniel, and Mary Soule, daughter of "my son George Soule deceased". The will was witnessed by Sylvanus, Jacob and Nathaniel Soule. George Soule, Jr., 4th s. of George Soule & Mary Beckett, b. circa 1639 at Duxbury, Mass. He d. May 12, 1704 at Dartmouth, Mass. He m. a Deborah, who maiden name remains unknown. She d. at Dartmouth, Mass. in Feb. 1709/10. Their sixth child was: • vi. Mary Soule, b. circa 1673 at Dartmouth, Mass., d. prob. at Dartmouth after June 17, 1729; m. July 30, 1695 at Dartmouth, Capt. Joseph Devol, s. of Jonathan Devol & Hannah Audley, b. circa 1675 at Newport, Rhode Island. He d. before Nov. 14, 1726 at Dartmouth, Mass. Seven children of the family. Updated from Find A Grave Memorial via sister Susannah West (born Soule) by SmartCopy: Sep 1 2015, 18:36:29 UTC 11 Aug 1677 Named in his father’s will. | Soule, George (I32873)
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| 7655 | When Wilhelm von Gellon Herzog von Aquitanien was born about 0750, in Royaume, Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium, his father, Theoderic I Graf von Autun, was 35 and his mother, Aldana, was 32. He married Kunigunde in 0779. They were the parents of at least 3 sons and 1 daughter. In 806, at the age of 56, his occupation is listed as lebte als einsiedler in dem von ihm gegründeten kloster gellone in Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. He died in May 0815, in Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France, at the age of 65, and was buried in Aniane, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The abbey of Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert in the Gellone valley (30 kilometers northwest of Montpellier) owes its name to Guilhem, a French knight of the medieval period. Born sometime in the late 8th century, Guilhem was the grandson of Charles Martel, the Duke of Aquitane, and one of the Emperor Charlemagne's chosen knights. He fought bravely against the Saracens (Muslims) of Spain and became famous as the hero of medieval ballads due to his knightly prowess and chivalrous character. A devout Christian who ended his days (died 812 AD) in the monastery at Gellone, he endowed the abbey with a relic of the True Cross, given to him by Charlemagne. Because of this relic, the monastery soon prospered and became an important place of pilgrimage in southern France. With the development of the great medieval pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela (the shrine of Saint James in northwestern Spain) in the 10th century, Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert became a recognized stage on one of the four major routes leading to Compostela. By the middle of the 11th century this influx of pilgrims to the Gellone valley enabled the monks to rebuild their monastery on a larger scale, using the architectural techniques of the early Romanesque style. The present abbey church dates from that period. The life of the monastery continued, influenced from time to time by national events and the wider crosscurrents of history until its slow decline in the 18th century and its suppression during the French Revolution in 1790. In the 19th century the abbey was vandalized and fragments of its buildings are found scattered all over the region, even as far away as the Cloisters museum, north of New York City. Reconstructed in the 20th century, today the abbey is the parish church of the small, picturesque village of Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert. No archaeological evidence has come to light indicating the sanctity of the site in pre-Christian times. Biographical information about Guilhem William a grandson of Charles Martel. He was born in France around the middle of the 8th century. His mother Aldana was a daughter of Charles Martel, so he was a cousin of Charlemagne. As a close kinsman of Charlemagne he spent his youth in the imperial court. William was made Count of Toulouse in 790, and Charlemagne placed his young son (Louis the Pious, who was to inherit Aquitaine), in his wardship. He was the second count of Toulouse and held the title from 790 until 811. The following detailed information on Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert can be found on the Languedoc website. Guilhem dedicated the next thirteen years to sustaining the southern frontiers of the Frankish empire. He was renowned as one of the most valiant warriors of his time. He married twice; his second wife, the Lady of Orange was apparently the widow of a Saracen Lord that he killed and whose estates he seized. Guilhem's exploits became famous and he evolved into the hero of medieval ballads of knightly prowess and chivalry. He is the hero of the Chanson de Guillaume, an early chanson de geste, and of several later sequels. In 804 Guilhem retired to the Abbey of Aniane. (For many centuries it was regarded as entirely laudable for men to abandon their wives and families to become monks). In 806 he headed a group of monks who set off to found the Abbey of Gellone (now Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert). Before his death, Charlemagne had given the young Guilhem a reliquary, which was believed to contained pieces of the True Cross. (Hundreds of such bogus relics were in circulation even before the Crusades). Guilhem left this one to his Abbey, where it remains to this day. The jewelled reliquary is carried through the village in procession once a year on the 3rd May - St Guilhem's feast day. Replicas made of biscuit are available in the Abbey Church. The faithful claim that they provide protection against lightening. Guilhem is known by several different names, some of them reflecting his appearance, some his conquests, some his later religious life, and some merely confusion with other semi legendary Guilhems. He was Guilhem the short nosed - French Guillaume au Court Nez, or the Marquis au court nez - a disfigurement incurred during his battle with that pesky Moorish giant who lived in the castle at Gellone. He was also Guillaum de Narbonne; Guillaume Fierabrace, Guillaume d'Orange, and Guilhem de Gellone and Saint Guilhem. According to the book Holy Blood Holy Grail Guilhem was the son of "Theodoric, king of the Jews of Septimania" crowned in 768. Through him the bloodline of Jesus became the bloodline of Frankish royalty. This fantasy was later incorporated into the plot of the best-selling novel The Da Vinci Code. The town of Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert The town Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert lies in the Gellon valley just North of Gignac, east of the new A75 motorway, about 30 kilometres Northwest of Montpellier. It is really more of a village with a population of around 250. The village has retained its medieval personality with old houses in amber stone, an ancient tower, and a shady square with a fountain and traditional plain trees. It sprawls organically along the Verdus stream, surrounded by cliffs, verdant with thyme, oak and pine trees. The prison tower is a vestige of the medieval village and still dominates it. It is a simple square crenelated tower, pierced by a simple window. Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert is counted among the Plus Beaux Villages (most beautiful villages) of France, classed, since 1999 a National Site. It is home to numerous artists, many of whom may be found in their studios around the square. Overlooking the village, on the side of the cliff, is a castle of Visigoth origin. It was only ever a modest fortress but has attracted colourful stories involving Visigoths, Saracens and troubadours. According to legend this castle was once the abode of a Saracen giant, called Don Juan, who was defeated in improbable circumstances by the eponymous Guilhem in single combat. The Abbey of Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert The Abbey is located in the town of Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert in the Gellone Valley not far from Montpellier, in the Hérault département. It is a Benedictine foundation dedicated to Saint-Sauveur. It was founded in 804 by Guilhem of Orange, Duke of Aquitaine and second Count of Toulouse, a member of Charlemagne's court, later known as Saint Guilhem. As the medieval pilgrimage route to the shrine of Saint James of Compostella in Spain developed in the 10th century, the monastery of Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert became a staging point on one of the four main routes through Europe leading to it. Like all such staging points it benefited financially from its more than usually gullible pilgrim visitors. By the middle of the 11th century the monks were rich enough to rebuild their monastery on a larger scale in the latest Romanesque style. The present abbey church dates from this period. By the twelfth century, the abbey had been renamed in honour of its founder. And as the site in the Gellone Valley had been selected because it was a virtual desert, we now know it at the Abbey of Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert. By 1206, a new cloister had been built at Saint-Guilhem incorporating columns and pilasters which are now located in an American museum. Many of them recall classical Roman columns, but they depart from classical models in their variety of design. During the 14th to 16th centuries, progressively declined. Under the 'commende' system the abbot was nominated by the king, who selected from among the members of the high clergy (rather than being elected by the monks of the community). The system inevitably led to abuse and for centuries successive Abbots from aristocratic families accumulated titles and neglected their monastic duties. Like other French religious buildings, Saint-Guilhem suffered in the Wars of Religion during and after the Reformation. In 1569 the Abbey was pillaged by Protestants and sculptures were damaged. Furniture and fittings were sold off to pay for repairs, and for a garrison to protect the Abbey. By 1670 the monastery was in a state of advanced decay. The monks called upon the congregation of Saint-Maur to undertake repair work to save the buildings from ruin and re-establish the monastic life. The abbey declined in the 18th century. In 1783, it was attached to the bishopric of Lodeve, losing its independence. Monks from Saint-Maur occupied the monastery until the French Revolution, by which time the community had been reduced to six monks. It was suppressed in 1790 during the French Revolution, and the buildings sold ominously to a stonemason. The abbey church escaped vandalism as it became a parish church, but the rest was vandalised. Various businesses were established in the cloister, including a spinning business and a tannery. Private houses were established in the buildings around the cloister and the cloister itself which was used as a stone quarry. Fragments of the abbey may be found all over the region, and even much further away. You can see some of those columns of the cloister dating from before 1206 in the Cloisters museum, north of New York (part of New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art). It is difficult to know who best deserves the title of Most Cretinous Philistine - the people who sold them, those who bought them, or those who now decline to return them. The cumulative damage of these various acts of vandalism was so severe that it is now impossible to determine the number and sequence of its columns - or even the dimensions of the cloister. In 1840, the abbey was taken in hand by the Monuments Historiques. Restoration since 1960 has tried to restore the original aspect of the building. A new cloister has been built. Since the end of the 1970s, a community of monks from Carmel Saint Joseph has made the abbey their home. The abbey is one of several World Heritage sites in the Languedoc. In 1987, the Abbey of Gellone was classed as a French Historical Monument. On the 5 December, 1998, it was classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO as part of the "Paths of Saint James" - the pilgrimage routes of St-Jacques de Compostela. | de Gellone, Wilhelm (I33883)
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| 7656 | While here birthdate is always given as the same date; her birth place is given as Gettery Flats, Getter's Flats, or Gidder Flat in California. What ever the name it was a gold mining campl | Collins, Georgia (I9284)
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| 7657 | While in Muskogee, Oklahoma, Joe Lieber, a city salesman died of injuries from a collision as he rode a bicycle. The other vehicle was a wagon. He was attended by nearby doctors, but they were unable to save him. | Lieber, Joseph Leopold (I18520)
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| 7658 | While the surviving sources are consistent regarding the parentage of Ethyll, they are contradictory regarding the identity of her husband. The mid-10th century Harleian Manuscript genealogy names the ancestors of Rhodri "Mawr/the Great": "…Rotri map Mermin map Etthil merch Cinnan…" The name of her husband, recorded in the 13th century History of Gruffydd ap Cynan which names "Rodri Mawr son of Mervyn Frych son of Gwryat…," is consistent with this version. [The Gwentian Chronicle provides a different version of events when it records that "[the] daughter [of Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri [King of all Wales] who was his heir married a chieftain of the name of Mervyn the Freckled," a later passage adding that "Mervyn the Freckled and Essyllt his wife began to reign over Gwynedd and Powys" in 818.] It is impossible to judge which version is preferable. Indeed, it is possible that Ethyll was not an historical figure at all but was invented to legitimise the dynastic change in the eyes of successor generations of kings of Gwynedd and their supporters. She married either: GWRIAD a Manx chieftain, son of ---, or: MERFYN ap Gwriad "Frych/the Freckled" King of Gwynedd. Esyllt Essylt Queen of Wales Heiress of Gwenedd ferch Conan Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri ap Idwal of Molwynog and Gwynedd **************************** Our royal, titled, noble and commoner ancestors Eisyllt, Queen of Wales1 Last Edited 4 Apr 2020 F, #9964 Father Cynan, King of Gwynedd d. 816 Mother Matilda of Flint Eisyllt, Queen of Wales married Gwiard, King of Manaw, son of Elydyr, Prince of Deheubarth. Eisyllt, Queen of Wales was born at of Gwynedd, Wales. Family Gwiard, King of Manaw Children Mervin Frych 'the Freckled', King of Gwynedd+ d. 844 Cadrod ap Gwriad+2 b. c 800 ------------------- Ethyllt ferch Cynan, also known as Ethil, was the daughter of King Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri of Gwynedd. Marriage In 768 she was married to Gwriad ap Elidyr, although it is possible this was a later invention to legitimise the claims to Gwynedd of the descendants of Merfyn Frych. After the death of her father in 816, the throne was secured by her uncle Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog. | verch Cynan, Esyllt (I33556)
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| 7659 | White House | Miller, Mary Margaret (I23003)
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| 7660 | Who is?... August 9, 1907 Mrs. William Franken, wife of the shoe manufacturer, son of Henry Franken, was almost instantly cremated at her home in Sedalia Tuesday. She was 40 years old and survived by her husband and seven children. Was this a first wife of son William. Was she that much older than William? July 4, 1922, Joeph Sommerhouser and Herny Franken of Tipton, Wm, Franken of Sedalia,m Peter Werner of LaPorte, Iowa, all left Tipton Sunday for a three month vacation in the fatherland. Germany where they were born and reared a few miles from each other near the city of Siegburg. Henry Franken was about 20 years of age when he came to Missouri. The three former lived in Tipton and Sedalia for almost 40 years. | Franken, Henry Hubert (I5241)
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| 7661 | Wideric (German: Wigerich; French: Wigéric or Wéderic; died before 923) was a Frankish nobleman and the count of the Bidgau (pagus Bedensis) and held the rights of a count within the city of Trier. He received also the advocacy of the Abbey of Saint Rumbold[Note 1] at Mechelen from Charles III, King of West Francia. From 915 or 916, he was the count palatine of Lotharingia. He was the founder of the House of Ardennes. Medieval historians have been unable to precisely pin down Wigeric's origins or rise to power. He possessed lands in the region of Bitburg, in the middle Moselle valley, in the Gutland, the western Eifel, and the Meuse region.[1]: 16 At the death of Louis the Child, the Lotharingians rejected the suzerainty of Conrad I and elected Charles of France as their king. At the time, the military authority in Lotharingia was assigned to Count Reginar I of Hainaut (died 915), but at his death it fell to Wigeric, who became count palatine, exercising as such the military authority in Lotharingia. Wigeric founded the monastery of Hastière (French: L'abbaye d'Hastière) now in Hastière-par-delà(fr),[2] of which he also assumed the advocacy. There is no historical trace of Wigeric after 919: he probably died between 916 and 919, and was buried in the monastery of Hastière.[1] Family and descendants Wigeric's first wife Eva died, leaving him a widower. He then married Cunigunda, daughter of Ermentrude, daughter of Louis II of France, and therefore a descendant of Charlemagne.[1] Their children were: Gozlin (911–942), count of Bidgau, married Uda of Metz, father of: Godfrey the Prisoner Adalberon, Archbishop of Reims Frederick (912–978), count of Bar, the duke of Upper Lorraine from 959 Adalberon (died 962), bishop of Metz Gilbert (died 964), count in the Ardennes Sigebert (fl. c. 942) Siegfried, (c.922–998), count of Luxembourg Wigeric and Cunigunda were the founders of the dynasty of the House of Ardennes. Its three branches, Ardennes-Verdun, Ardennes-Bar, and Ardennes-Luxembourg, dominated Lorraine for a century and a half. The Ardennes family extended from Laon and Reims to Trier and Cologne, from Metz and Verdun to Liège and Antwerp. Its descendants were to appear in the following positions: Dukes of Upper and Lower Lorraine (959–1046 and 1012–1100, respectively) Bishops of Metz (929–1072) Bishops of Laon (977–1031) Bishops of Reims (969–989) Bishops of Verdun (984–988) Bishops of Trier (1004–1015)[1] Primary sources Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands Project on Wigerich III, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,[self-published source][better source needed] He is first attested in 899 as count Widiacus in a charter of King Zwentibold in Trier [1]. A Wigericus, with comital rights in Trier, appears in a diploma of Louis IV dated 19 September 902: MGH Diplomata. He is usually identified with Widricus, count of the Bidgau, of a charter of Saint-Maximin dated 1 January 909 [2]. He appears in a diploma of Charles III (between 911 and 915) as Windricus and his son Adalberon and he received the fiefs and the advocacy of the abbeys of Saint Rumbolds at Mechelen and Hastière. The margrave of Neustria, Robert, and Reginar, margrave in Lotharingia, gave their consent. He appears for the first time with the title "count palatine" in a diploma of Charles as well, this time as Widricus, dated 19 January 916 at Herstal [3]. Footnotes The abbey founded by St. Rumbold in the 6th, 7th or 8th centuries and a 9th-century St. Rumbold's abbey church subordinate to the bishops of Liège are assumed to have been located in the Holm, higher grounds a little outside the later city walls of Mechelen. A 9th-century St. Rumbold's Chapel in the city centre stood until 1580, was rebuilt in 1597 and demolished in 1798. After Prince-Bishop Notger's founding of the St. Rumbold's Chapter around 1000, an adjacent collegiate church was built and its parish title was handed to the chapter in 1134. Most likely on its spot, already from around the start of the 13th century onwards, the well-known Saint Rumbold's Church was built, consecrated in 1312, and functions as metropolitan cathedral since 1559. This edifice never belonged to the abbey. Source: Sint-Romboutskerk (ID: 74569), VIOE (Retrieved 29 July 2011) | de Lorraine, Wigerich (I32262)
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| 7662 | Widow of Henricus Limpet | Schalk, Johanna Benigna (I32670)
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| 7663 | Widow of John Franz Ritzhaupt | Ritzhaupt, Theresia (I22510)
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| 7664 | At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Nowlin, Pamela Sue (I8122)
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| 7665 | Widower of Daniel Meiß, deacon of Wasungun. | Schott, Sara Elisabeth (I28657)
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| 7666 | Widower of Pastor Gilbert | Malsius, Anna Magdalena (I27892)
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| 7667 | Widower when married to Ellen McQuigg. Individuals: Cunningham, Jennifer, Ellen (Ardocagh) daughter of John McQuigg, farmer married William Fosgrave, widower 27 Nov 1889 in Aghadowey Presbyterian Church. He was a millman in Moneycarrie and a son of James Fosgrave, labororer. Daughter Letitia born 25 Oct 1890. | Foxgrave, William (I199)
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| 7668 | Wife is Carla | Friedrich, Mark (I30877)
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| 7669 | Wife is Jennifer. | Friedrich, James M (I1549)
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| 7670 | Wife is Nichole | Friedrich, Larry Wayne (I30876)
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| 7671 | Wife of Jacob Markt Louis Alexander Traxel | Schlotzhauer, Sarah Elizabeth (I24700)
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| 7672 | Wife of Charles Barta | Vieth, Dora Tille (I21267)
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| 7673 | Wife of Clarence E Runyon | Rentschler, Laura (I16139)
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| 7674 | Wife of George Morris | Schilb, Stella F (I27436)
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| 7675 | wife of Henry Gustus Kuhn | Schilb, Margaret Anna (I27438)
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| 7676 | Wife of Joseph Charles Jedlicka | Schuster, Mary Helen (I16302)
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| 7677 | Wife of N.N. Oetting and Dr. theol. Christoph Pezelius | Rhau, Catharina (I30270)
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| 7678 | Wife of Oscar Gustav Schmidt | Sly, Fredericka Elva "RICA" (I9215)
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| 7679 | Wife of the late Christopher McAtee McMenamy; daughter of the late Henry J. and the late Theresa Schulte; mother of Anita (Robert, Jr.) McClain, James C. (Pat) McMenamy, William K. (Pat) McMenamy, and Gerald (Jeanne) McMenamy; grandmother of 14; great-grandmother of 18. She was preceded in death by one sister, Bernice Wilke and two brothers, Vincent Schulte and Werner Schulte. She was self-employed and retired after 50 years in the milk transportation industry. After retirement, she worked at Fort Zumwalt South High School in the cafeteria; many would remember her for hauling water for cisterns, swimming pools and fires. She was also a member of All Saints Catholic Church, St. Peters, MO. | Schulte, Evelyn Mary (I5819)
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| 7680 | wife was Mary Sagger | Friess, Edward Jacob (I10021)
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| 7681 | Wikipedia Bertrude, Countess of Vermandois (c. 582–618 or 619) was a Countess of Vermandois and a Frankish queen consort from 613 to 618. She was married to Chlothar II.[1] Her origins are uncertain and unconfirmed; however, it is known that the Mayor of the Palace Erchinoald was King Dagobert I’s cousin through his mother, making her the sister of Saint Gerberge and, therefore, a daughter of Richomer and Saint Gertrude of Hamage. Because Chlothar had three wives (Haldetrude, Bertrude, and Sichilde)[2] and it is not known which was mother of his sons Dagobert I and Charibert II, it is not clear this daughter of Richomer was Bertrude. It is also possible Bertrude was a daughter of Wagon II. According to the Chronique du Pseudo-Frédégaire, Bertrude loved Chlothar sincerely. She was also described as a popular queen. She is reported to have exposed and prevented an attempted plot by the Burgundian Aletheus, who planned to kill Chlothar and force Bertrude to marry him.[2] Bertrude died during the 35th year of Chlothar II’s reign, in either 618 or 619. Their daughter was called Bertha. (There is no record of this birth - she was the mother of Dagobert and a son who died in infancy -Medlands Project) | of Burgundy, Bertrude (I32181)
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| 7682 | Wikipedia Cadwallon ap Einion (c. 460-534; reigned from c. 500), usually known as Cadwallon Lawhir ('Long Hand') and also called Cadwallon I by some historians, was a king of Gwynedd. According to tradition, Cadwallon ruled during, or shortly after, the Battle of Mons Badonicus, and King Arthur's victory over the Saxons (in either the early 490s or the mid 510s). Cadwallon's name is not connected with the legendary battle, but he may have benefitted from the period of relative peace and prosperity throughout Britain that it procured. The most momentous military achievement of Cadwallon's reign was the final expulsion of Irish settlers on Anglesey, and the re-absorption of that island, which later became the cultural and political base of the kingdom, into Gwynedd. Cadwallon's epithet, Lawhir, may possibly refer to him having longer than usual arms or might also be a metaphor, referring to the extent of his authority. The late medieval poet Iolo Goch claims that he could "reach a stone from the ground to kill a raven, without bending his back, because his arm was as long as his side to the ground." According to Gildas, Cadwallon's son, Maelgwn Gwynedd, murdered his uncle to ascend to the throne, which suggests that someone other than Maelgwn himself inherited the kingdom upon Cadwallon's death. No clear evidence exists as to who this "lost king" might be (assuming, of course, that Gildas's account is reliable), but some have suggested the name of Owain Ddantgwyn as the unfortunate heir/victim. | ap Einion, Cadwallon Lawhir (I33627)
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| 7683 | Wikipedia Garibald I (also Garivald; Latin: Garibaldus; born 540) was Duke (or King) of Bavaria from 555 until 591.[1] He was the head of the Agilolfings, and the ancestor of the Bavarian dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of the Lombards. Biography After the death of the Merovingian king Theudebald of Austrasia, his successor Chlothar I had "begun to have intercourse with"[2] his widow Waldrada (531–572), daughter of the Lombard king Wacho. Chlothar's bishops objected, so he gave Waldrada to Garibald to marry in 556. Not only did this grant Garibald prestige, but it created lasting political ties between the Bavarii and the Lombards of Pannonia and Bohemia. This would have consequences after the Lombards moved into Italy in 568. Some time before 585, the Merovingian court attempted to bind Duke Garibald more closely to its interests by arranging a marriage between his daughter Theodelinda and King Childebert II of Austrasia. At the same time the Merovingians were attempting to normalise relations with Authari, the Lombard king, by arranging a marriage between Childebert's sister and Authari. Both these proposals fell through. The offended Authari was engaged to Theodelinda in 588. Fearing an anti-Frankish axis, the Franks sent an army into Bavaria. Garibald's children Gundoald and Theodelinda fled to Italy. Authari married Theodelinda in May 589 and named his brother-in-law, Gundoald, Duke of Asti. In 590, the Franks invaded Lombardy with help from Byzantium, but were defeated. In 591, Childebert normalised relations with the Lombards and Bavarii. After King Authari died in 590, the Lombard dukes asked Theodelinda to marry again. She chose Authari's cousin Agilulf as her husband, and he was accepted as the next king. They then negotiated a peace with Childebert which lasted for decades. According to Paulus Diaconus, peace with Bavaria was restored when Childebert named Tassilo rex (king). It is unknown whether Garibald was deposed or died. Nor is it clear what Tassilo's relationship to Garibald was; though if not his son, he was certainly a close relation. He was reportedly also the father of Romilda of Friuli. | von Baiern, Garibald I (I33897)
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| 7684 | Wikipedia Gerloc (or Geirlaug), baptised in Rouen as Adela (or Adèle) in 912, was the daughter of Rollo, of Normandy, Count of Rouen, and his wife, Poppa of Bayeux.[1] She was the sister of William I Longsword of Normandy. In 935, she married William Towhead, the future Count of Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine. They had two children together before she died on 14 October 962: 1. William IV of Aquitaine 2. Adelaide of Aquitaine, wife of Hugh Capet. | de Normandie, Adèle (I34336)
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| 7685 | Wikipedia Herbert of Winchester (sometimes Herbert fitzAlberic) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman during the period following the Norman conquest of England. Herbert held land as an under-tenant of the Archbishop of York in the Domesday Survey of 1089. He held the office of chamberlain of the Winchester treasury during the reign of King William II of England, and the office of chancellor and treasurer under King Henry I. During William II's reign, Herbert became a tenant-in-chief, holding lands directly from the king. Herbert may have been a member of the clergy, although it is known that he was married. Most sources state that Herbert married Emma, half-sister of King Stephen and Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, and that she was an illegitimate daughter of Stephen II, Count of Blois, Stephen's father. New research, however, suggests that Emma might have been a daughter of Hunger fitzOdin, who held lands in Dorset in the Domesday survey. Herbert was the father of Herbert and William. William later became Archbishop of York. The younger Herbert became chamberlain to King David I of Scotland around 1156. Herbert was probably dead by 1129-1130, when the Pipe Roll of 1130 records his son as owing a fine for the inheritance of his father's lands, a fine totalling over 353 marks, perhaps as much as 500. However, there is no certain record of Herbert after 1111, and it is possible that he should be considered the same person as "H. the Chamberlain", who Abbot Suger of St Denis named as an attempted assassin of Henry I in 1118, and who was punished by the king for the attempt. Suger stated that the would-be-assassin was a chamberlain whose name began with "H", and who had been close to the king and received great rewards from the king. Suger added that the king only blinded and castrated the man, which the abbot considered to be mild compared with the hanging that the man deserved. William of Malmesbury does not name the assassin either, but relates that he had custody of the royal treasury. The historian C. Warren Hollister first made the identification between "H." and Herbert, noting that there was only one chamberlain in King Henry I's reign who had a name beginning with "H". The main argument against the identification is the fact that most records considered that Herbert remained in office until close to 1129 or 1130. However, charter evidence supports the inheritance of Herbert's lands by his son before 1121. 1 Biography 1.1 Name 1.2 1060 Birth 1.3 Reported Vermandois Ancestry -probably due to the influence and number of relatives ofthe Herbertian Dynasty intermingled with the Vermandois. 1.4 1066 Battle of Hastings -Herbert I 1.5 1089 Domesday Survey 1.6 Chamberlain of the Winchester Treasury 1.7 1101 Charter 1.8 Properties in Yorkshire and Gloucestershire 1.9 1086 Marriage to Emma 1.10 1100 Second Marriage to Millisent 1.11 1129 Death 1.12 Issue 2 Research Notes 2.1 UNKNOWN/UNPROVEN ANCESTRY -- DO NOT ATTACH ANY PARENTS! (OCTOBER 2014) 3 Sources 4 Acknowledgements Biography Per Wikipedia: Name "Herbert I of Winchester (sometimes Herbert fitzAlberic)[1] was an Anglo-Norman nobleman during the period following the Norman conquest of England. [1] Herbert of Winchester (also styled Herbert The Chamberlain), Chamberlain and Treasurer under Kings William II and Henry I. [2] Herbert "The Chamberlain" of Winchester. [3] 1060 Birth Herbert was born about 1060 in Winchester, Hampshire, England. [3] According to Geni, without other citation, he was the son of Herbert Cornwell FitzGodwyn [3] The primary source which confirms Herbert FitzHenry's parentage has not yet been identified. [4] Reported Vermandois Ancestry "This very ancient family from which the chivalrous house of Herbert and other eminent houses sprang, derived originally in England from Herbert, styled Count of Vermandois, who came over at the Conquest with the first William and filled the office of Chamberlain to William Rufus. He was great-grandson of Herbert, Comte de Vermandois, the lineal descendant of Charlemagne. [5] He is often called a son of Piers de Vermandois, who was probably invented to provide a genealogical link to the counts of Vermandois. According to Weis, his ancestry has not been proven. Burke's Commoners, a notoriously unreliable source, says he was a great grandson of Héribert de Vermandois.[3] 1089 Domesday Survey "Herbert held land as an under-tenant of the Archbishop of York in the Domesday Survey of 1089.[2] [1] Chamberlain of the Winchester Treasury He held the office of chamberlain of the Winchester treasury during the reign of King William II of England,[3] and the office of chancellor and treasurer under King Henry I.[4] [1] He was Chamberlain and Treasurer of England under William II and Henry I [3] 1101 Charter "…Herbertus regis camerarius…" subscribed a charter dated Sep 1101 under which Bishop Herbert donated property to Norwich priory[152]. [4] Properties in Yorkshire and Gloucestershire Chamberlain of Henry I King of England. An undated charter of Thomas Archbishop of York records that "domino Herberto Camerario et filio eius" were enfeoffed with "Laudesbrough, cum Tolethorpe, Wiverthorpe cum Helperthorp et duabus Luttunis in Turgisleby" and other properties in Yorkshire and in Gloucestershire, witnessed by "…Herbertus filius…"[153].[4] During William II's reign, Herbert became a tenant-in-chief, holding lands directly from the king. Herbert may have been a member of the clergy, although it is known that he was married.[5][1] 1086 Marriage to Emma Marriage Date Estimation: Current birth year for oldest son is 1087. Estimate marriage the year prior. His wife was Emma, daughter of Stephen, Earl of Blois, by Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror, and by that lady left a son and heir, Herbert Fitz-Herbert." [5] "Most sources state that Herbert married Emma, half-sister of King Stephen and Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester,[6] and that she was an illegitimate daughter of Stephen II, Count of Blois, Stephen's father.[7] New research, however, suggests that Emma might have been a daughter of Hunger fitz Odin, who held lands in Dorset in the Domesday survey.[3][8][1] He married Emma ______, allegedly an illegitimate daughter of Etienne Henri, Count of Blois, and half-sister to Stephen, King of England. [2] He married first Emma de Blois-Champagne[3] m firstly EMMA de Blois, illegitimate daughter of ETIENNE Comte de Blois & his mistress --- (before 1102-). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.[4] 1100 Second Marriage to Millisent Marriage Year Estimation. Assume Emma's death as untimely and his subsequent marriage to Millisent while there were children at home. He married secondly Milisent. [3] m secondly MILISENT, daughter of [ADAM], niece of William Turniant. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.[4] 1129 Death Sir Herbert Of Winchester was living in 1111, when he was a member of the Michelmas treasury court at Winchester. [2] However, there is no certain record of Herbert after 1111, and it is possible that he should be considered the same person as "H. the Chamberlain", who Abbot Suger of St Denis named as an attempted assassin of Henry I in 1118, and who was punished by the king for the attempt.[3] Suger stated that the would-be-assassin was a chamberlain whose name began with "H", and who had been close to the king and received great rewards from the king. Suger added that the king only blinded and castrated the man, which the abbot considered to be mild compared with the hanging that the man deserved. William of Malmesbury does not name the assassin either, but relates that he had custody of the royal treasury. The historian C. Warren Hollister first made the identification between "H." and Herbert, noting that there was only one chamberlain in King Henry I's reign who had a name beginning with "H". The main argument against the identification is the fact that most records considered that Herbert remained in office until close to 1129 or 1130. However, charter evidence supports the inheritance of Herbert's lands by his son before 1121.[9][1] Herbert [1] [2] Herbert Fitz Herbert II, lord of Blaen Llyfni [3] HERBERT FitzHerbert [I] (-[before 1155]The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Herbt fil Herbti Camer…tra patis sui" in Hampshire[154]. An undated charter of Thomas Archbishop of York records that "domino Herberto Camerario et filio eius" were enfeoffed with "Laudesbrough, cum Tolethorpe, Wiverthorpe cum Helperthorp et duabus Luttunis in Turgisleby" and other properties in Yorkshire and in Gloucestershire, witnessed by "…Herbertus filius…"[155]. "…Hereberto filio Hereberti…" subscribed a charter of Renaud Earl of Cornwall which names "matertere mee Aliz Corbet"[156]. m ([1115/25]) SIBYL Corbet Lady of Alcester and Pontesbury, formerly mistress of HENRY I King of England, daughter of ROBERT Corbet of Alcester, co Warwick & his wife --- ([1090/95]-after 1157). | FitzAlberic, Herbert of Winchester (I35574)
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| 7686 | Wikipedia Plectrude (Latin: Plectrudis; German: Plektrud, Plechtrudis)[1] (died 718) was the consort of Pepin of Herstal, the mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, from about 670. She was the daughter of Hugobert, seneschal of Clovis IV, and Irmina of Oeren. She was the regent of Neustria during the minority of her grandson Theudoald from 714 until 718. Biography Plectrude was described as politically active and influential upon her husband and his reign. She brought a large amount of property to the Arnulfing house.[2] During the reign of Pepin, she appears as his joint signatory in every legal instrument issued by him that is still preserved, which was unusual for this time period. Her son Grimoald was murdered in 714. She ensured Pepin II's assent that Theudoald, Grimoald's son, would be his main heir. When Pepin died soon thereafter, she took power in Neustria as regent of the under-age Theudoald. To ensure her reign, she imprisoned Charles Martel, Pepin II's son with his second wife Alpaida, in Cologne. Charles is often said to have been illegitimate, but this is considered by many today an anachronistic interpretation of his status. Charles' contemporaries most likely did not consider him illegitimate, as he was born while his mother Alpaida was married to Pepin the Frank, and noblemen practiced polygamy in this period.[3][4] In 715, the Neustrian nobility rebelled against her in alliance with Radbod of Friesland and defeated her in the Battle of Compiègne, which took place on September 26, 715, causing her to take refuge in Cologne. Cologne was the homeland of her family clan and where she kept Pepin's money. In 716, Chilperic II, the king of the Franks, and Ragenfrid, the mayor of the palace, led an army into Austrasia, near Cologne, where Plectrude had gone. They defeated her and freed Charles Martel. The king and his mayor then turned to besiege their other rival in the city and claimed it. The treasury shortly after received recognition by the king and mayor. The juncture of these events favored Charles. In 717, he chased the king and the mayor to Paris before turning back to deal with Plectrude in Cologne. He then took the city and dispersed her adherents. Plectrude entered a convent, and died shortly after in the same year in Cologne, where she was buried in the monastery of St. Maria im Kapitol which she had founded.[5] Issue Her sons by Pepin were: Drogo, duke of Champagne Grimoald, mayor of the palace of Neustria | von Köln, Plectrude (I34375)
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| 7687 | Wikipedia Robert, Count of Eu and Lord of Hastings (d. between 1089-1093), son of William I, Count of Eu, and his wife Lesceline.[1] Count of Eu and Lord of Hastings. Robert commanded 60 ships in the fleet supporting the landing of William I of England and the Norman conquest of England.[2] Around 1068, Robert was given the Hastings Castle and the adjacent territories previously owned by Onfroy du Tilleul.[3] According to the Domesday Book, Robert and his son William each possessed lands in separate counties. The sum of the annual income generated by the lands of the two men amounted to about 690 pounds sterling. In 1069 he was charged by the king to support Robert, Count of Mortain, to monitor the Danes,[4] whose fleet moored in the mouth of the Humber, while the latter was to repress the revolt initiated by Eadric the Wild the west. When the Danes left their sanctuary to plunder the neighbourhood, the two commanders and their army fell upon them unexpectedly, crushing them, and forcing them to flee by sea. After the death of King William, Robert followed the party of Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy. Dismayed by his softness and debauchery, he turned, along with several other Norman lords, towards the king William II the Red, from whom he received several garrisons for his castles. During the attempted intervention of the English king in Normandy in February 1091, he was one of his supporters. He died after this episode and his son William II succeeded him as count. Robert married first Beatrix de Falaise,[5] sister of Arlette de Falaise. Robert and Beatrix had six children: 1) Raoul d'Eu (d. after 1036) 2) Robert d'Eu (d. 1149)[citation needed] 3) Condoha (Condor) (d. after 1087) married in 1058 to Fulk d'Angoulême, and was mother of William V d'Angoulême and grandmother of Wulgrin II d'Angoulême. 4) William II, who succeeded his father as Count of Eu and Lord of Hastings[6] 5) Eremburga of Mortain (possible), the second wife of Roger i, Count of Sicily. 6) Armand of Mortain (possible), married to Beatrix, daughter of Tancred of Hauteville. Very devout, he made numerous donations to the Church, notably lands at Fécamp Abbey of Rouen in 1051. After being widowed, he remarried, to Mathilde de Hauteville, daughter of Roger I, Count of Sicily, and Judith of Evreux, a second cousin of William the Conqueror. He repudiated her, however, and in 1080 she was married to Raymond IV of Saint-Gilles, Count of Toulouse and Marquis of Provence. He was buried in the Abbey of Saint-Michel du Tréport,[7] which he had founded in Tréport, near the town of Eu, between 1057 and 1066, in memory of his first wife.[8] Robert was assisted by the council of Duke William and Maurilius, archbishop of Rouen. Robert was succeeded as Count of Eu and Lord of Hastings by his son William. | d'Eu, Robert (I34533)
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| 7688 | Wikipedia Waratto (also Waratton, Warato) was the mayor of the palace of Neustria and Burgundy on two occasions. Upon the death of Ebroin in 680 Waratto succeeded to the office. His first term as Mayor of the Palace lasted until 682 when he was deposed by his own son Gistemar (or Ghislemar). Waratton reestablished himself in 684 and continued to reign until his death in 686. He made peace between the three Frankish kingdoms and with Pepin of Heristal in 681. His daughter Anstrude later married Duke Drogo of Champagne, Pepin's eldest son. Waratto married Ansflede and had two children: -Gistemar (d. 684), mayor of the palace of Neustria and Burgundy (682) -Anstrude, married firstly Berthar, mayor of the palace of Neustria and Burgundy (684-687), married secondly Drogo of Champagne | Waratto (I34372)
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| 7689 | Wikipedia William III (913 – 3 April 963), called Towhead (French: Tête d'étoupe, Latin: Caput Stupe) from the colour of his hair, was the "Count of the Duchy of Aquitaine" from 959 and Duke of Aquitaine from 962 to his death. He was also the Count of Poitou (as William I) from 935 and Count of Auvergne from 950. The primary sources for his reign are Ademar of Chabannes, Dudo of Saint-Quentin, and William of Jumièges. William was son of Ebalus Manzer[1] and Emilienne. He was born in Poitiers. He claimed the Duchy of Aquitaine from his father's death, but the royal chancery did not recognise his ducal title until the year before his own death. Shortly after the death of King Rudolph in 936, he was constrained to cede some land to Hugh the Great by Louis IV. He did it with grace, but his relationship with Hugh thenceforward deteriorated. In 950, Hugh was reconciled with Louis and granted the duchies of Burgundy and Aquitaine. He tried to conquer Aquitaine with Louis's assistance, but William defeated them. Lothair, Louis's successor, feared the power of William. In August 955 he joined Hugh to besiege Poitiers, which resisted successfully. William, however, gave battle and was routed. After the death of Hugh, his son Hugh Capet was named duke of Aquitaine, but he never tried to take up his fief, as William reconciled with Lothair. He was given the abbey of Saint-Hilaire-le-Grand, which remained in his house after his death. He also built a library in the palace of Poitiers. Family background, marriage and issue His father was duke Ebles Manzer, who already was a man in his middle years when he was born in about 913. According to the chronicle of Ademar de Chabannes, William's wife was Geirlaug (French: Gerloc, also known as Adèle), a daughter of Rollo of Normandy. The less reliable Dudo of Saint-Quentin has William rather than Ebles marrying Gerloc, perhaps about 936, in a match that may have been arranged by William I of Normandy. With Gerloc, he had at least one child whose filiation is clearly attested: William, his successor in Aquitaine. He abdicated to the abbey of Saint-Cyprien in Poitiers and left the government to his son. Many[who?] genealogies accept the high likelihood[vague] that they also had a daughter: Adelaide, who married Hugh Capet But her parentage is not reliably documented of their era and is regarded only as a good possibility by usual modern genealogical literature. | d'Aquitaine, WIlliam III (I34337)
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| 7690 | Wikipedia - Ebalus, or Ebles Manzer, or Manser (c. 870 – 935), was Count of Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine on two occasions: from 890 to 892; and then from 902 until his death in 935 (Poitou) and from 928 until 932 (Aquitaine). Early life Ebles was an illegitimate son of Ranulf II of Aquitaine. "Manzer", or "Mamzer", is a Hebrew word that means bastard, son of a forbidden relationship, although in the case of Ebles it may have been applied to bastardy in general. Count of Poitou Upon the death of his father (who was poisoned), Ebles assumed his father's mantle and acquired the role of Count of Poitou. But Ebles could not hold on to the title for long. Aymar, a descendant of one of Ramnulf II's predecessors, challenged Ebles' right to rule, as Ebles was merely a bastard son. In 892, Aymar, who was supported by Eudes of France, overthrew Ebles, and Ebles fled to the safety of his father's allies, Count Gerald of Aurillac and William the Pious, count of Auvergne and Duke of Aquitaine.[1] William the Pious had taken Ebles under his care and assured the boy's education after the death of Ebles' father.[2] Poitiers In 902, Ebles, with the assistance of William the Pious, a distant relative, conquered Poitiers while Aymar was away, and reestablished himself in his former position. Charles III, who knew Ebles as a childhood companion, then formally invested Ebles with the title, Count of Poitou. Ebles would hold this title until his death.[2] The comital title was the only one to which he ever had legitimate investiture. Ebles allotted the abbey of Saint-Maixent to Savary, Viscount of Thouars, who had been his constant supporter. He restructured Poitou by creating new viscounties in Aulnay and Melle and dissolved the title and position of Viscount of Poitou upon the death of its holder, Maingaud, in 925. In 904, he conquered the Limousin. French commanders In 911 he, with two other French commanders were aligned in opposition to Rollo, a Norwegian invader who had plundered the countryside. Ebles and the other two commanders intended to lead their armies in defense of the city of Chartres. Part of Rollo's army camped on a hill (Mount-Levis) north of the city, while the rest were stationed on the plains outside Chartres.[3] Battle On 20 July 911, the battle between the French and Danish armies commenced. "Rollo and his forces were shamefully routed, smitten, as the legend tells, with corporeal blindness. A panic assuredly fell upon the heroic commander, a species of mental infirmity discernible in his descendants: the contagious terror unnerved the host. Unpursued, they dispersed and fled without resistance." At the end of the day, 6,800 Danes lay dead on the field of battle.[4] Ebles was somewhat slow in arriving at Chartres, so he was unable to "take his due share in the conflict." His victorious partners proudly boasted of their success, and mocked Ebles and his tardy army. To redeem his honor and quiet the ridicule, Ebles accepted a challenge to confront the remnant of the Danish army that remained camped on the Mont-Levis. But instead of driving the Danes away, Ebles' army was defeated soundly. "In the dark of the night, the Northmen, sounding their horns and making a terrible clamour, rushed down the mount and stormed" Ebles camp. Ebles fled and hid in a drum in a fuller's workshop. His cowardice and dishonor was derided in a popular French ballad of the Plantagenet age.[5] Duke of Aquitaine When Ebles' benefactor, William the Pious, died, William was succeeded as Duke of Aquitaine by William the Younger. In 927, William the Younger died, and he left his title to his brother Acfred; but Acfred did not live even a year. Acfred made Ebles his heir, and in 928 Ebles assumed the titles Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Berry, Count of Auvergne, and Velay.[6] In 929, King Rudolph started trying to reduce the power of Ebles. He withdrew from him access to Berry, then in 932 he transferred the titles of Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Auvergne to the Count of Toulouse, Raymond Pons. Moreover, the territory of La Marche, which was under the control of the lord of Charroux, vassal of Ebles, was transformed into an independent county. Marriage and issue Ebles' first wife was Aremburga, whom he married before 10 October 892.[2] His second wife was Emilienne, whom he married in 911. Following Emilienne's death in 913/915, Ebles remarried to an Adele.[7] Some 19th-century English historians identified Adele with Ælfgifu, daughter of Edward the Elder, [8] known to have married "a prince near the Alps", but there is nothing to support this identification. She has also been called Adela, Alaine, or Aliana. Ebalus had one child by Emilienne, and another one by Adele:[9] William III of Aquitaine married Gerloc, daughter of Rollo of Normandy Ebalus, Bishop of Limoges and Treasurer of St. Hilary of Poitiers.[10] geni.com Ebles Manzer de Poitiers, duc d'Aquitaine Also Known As: "Ebalus", "Eble", "Ebles", "le Bâtard", "the Bastard", "Bekart", "Mamser", "Mancer", "Manzer", "Manser", "Ebles Manzer or Manser", "van Aquitanie" Birthdate: February 27, 876 Birthplace: Poitou-Charentes, Poitiers, Vienne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France Death: May 27, 935 (59) Poitou-Charentes, Poitiers, Vienne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France Place of Burial: France Immediate Family: Son of Ranulf II de Poitiers, Comte de Poitou, Duc d'Aquitaine and NN, Mistress of Rainulfe II Husband of Émilienne of Poitou Father of Guillaume 'Tête d'étoupe' d'Aquitaine, III duc d'Aquitaine, I comte de Poitou Half brother of Ranulf III, Count of Poitou Occupation: Duc d'Aquitaine 890-892, 902-935 and 927-935, Comte de Poitou, du Limousin et d'Auvergne Wikipedia - Ebalus, or Ebles Manzer, or Manser (c. 870 – 935), was Count of Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine on two occasions: from 890 to 892; and then from 902 until his death in 935 (Poitou) and from 928 until 932 (Aquitaine). Early life Ebles was an illegitimate son of Ranulf II of Aquitaine. "Manzer", or "Mamzer", is a Hebrew word that means bastard, son of a forbidden relationship, although in the case of Ebles it may have been applied to bastardy in general. Count of Poitou Upon the death of his father (who was poisoned), Ebles assumed his father's mantle and acquired the role of Count of Poitou. But Ebles could not hold on to the title for long. Aymar, a descendant of one of Ramnulf II's predecessors, challenged Ebles' right to rule, as Ebles was merely a bastard son. In 892, Aymar, who was supported by Eudes of France, overthrew Ebles, and Ebles fled to the safety of his father's allies, Count Gerald of Aurillac and William the Pious, count of Auvergne and Duke of Aquitaine.[1] William the Pious had taken Ebles under his care and assured the boy's education after the death of Ebles' father.[2] Poitiers In 902, Ebles, with the assistance of William the Pious, a distant relative, conquered Poitiers while Aymar was away, and reestablished himself in his former position. Charles III, who knew Ebles as a childhood companion, then formally invested Ebles with the title, Count of Poitou. Ebles would hold this title until his death.[2] The comital title was the only one to which he ever had legitimate investiture. Ebles allotted the abbey of Saint-Maixent to Savary, Viscount of Thouars, who had been his constant supporter. He restructured Poitou by creating new viscounties in Aulnay and Melle and dissolved the title and position of Viscount of Poitou upon the death of its holder, Maingaud, in 925. In 904, he conquered the Limousin. French commanders In 911 he, with two other French commanders were aligned in opposition to Rollo, a Norwegian invader who had plundered the countryside. Ebles and the other two commanders intended to lead their armies in defense of the city of Chartres. Part of Rollo's army camped on a hill (Mount-Levis) north of the city, while the rest were stationed on the plains outside Chartres.[3] Battle On 20 July 911, the battle between the French and Danish armies commenced. "Rollo and his forces were shamefully routed, smitten, as the legend tells, with corporeal blindness. A panic assuredly fell upon the heroic commander, a species of mental infirmity discernible in his descendants: the contagious terror unnerved the host. Unpursued, they dispersed and fled without resistance." At the end of the day, 6,800 Danes lay dead on the field of battle.[4] Ebles was somewhat slow in arriving at Chartres, so he was unable to "take his due share in the conflict." His victorious partners proudly boasted of their success, and mocked Ebles and his tardy army. To redeem his honor and quiet the ridicule, Ebles accepted a challenge to confront the remnant of the Danish army that remained camped on the Mont-Levis. But instead of driving the Danes away, Ebles' army was defeated soundly. "In the dark of the night, the Northmen, sounding their horns and making a terrible clamour, rushed down the mount and stormed" Ebles camp. Ebles fled and hid in a drum in a fuller's workshop. His cowardice and dishonor was derided in a popular French ballad of the Plantagenet age.[5] Duke of Aquitaine When Ebles' benefactor, William the Pious, died, William was succeeded as Duke of Aquitaine by William the Younger. In 927, William the Younger died, and he left his title to his brother Acfred; but Acfred did not live even a year. Acfred made Ebles his heir, and in 928 Ebles assumed the titles Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Berry, Count of Auvergne, and Velay.[6] In 929, King Rudolph started trying to reduce the power of Ebles. He withdrew from him access to Berry, then in 932 he transferred the titles of Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Auvergne to the Count of Toulouse, Raymond Pons. Moreover, the territory of La Marche, which was under the control of the lord of Charroux, vassal of Ebles, was transformed into an independent county. Marriage and issue Ebles' first wife was Aremburga, whom he married before 10 October 892.[2] His second wife was Emilienne, whom he married in 911. Following Emilienne's death in 913/915, Ebles remarried to an Adele.[7] Some 19th-century English historians identified Adele with Ælfgifu, daughter of Edward the Elder, [8] known to have married "a prince near the Alps", but there is nothing to support this identification. She has also been called Adela, Alaine, or Aliana. Ebalus had one child by Emilienne, and another one by Adele:[9] William III of Aquitaine married Gerloc, daughter of Rollo of Normandy Ebalus, Bishop of Limoges and Treasurer of St. Hilary of Poitiers.[10] | d'Aquitaine, Ebles II (I34341)
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| 7691 | Wikipedia - Isabella Taillifer of Angoulême (French: Isabelle d'Angoulême, IPA; c. 1188-4 June 1246) was queen consort of England as the second wife of King John from 1200 until John's death in 1216. She was also suo jure Countess of Angoulême from 1202 until 1246. She had five children by the king, including his heir, later Henry III. In 1220, Isabella married Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, by whom she had another nine children. Some of her contemporaries, as well as later writers, claim that Isabella formed a conspiracy against King Louis IX of France in 1241, after being publicly snubbed by his mother, Blanche of Castile, for whom she had a deep-seated hatred. In 1244, after the plot had failed, Isabella was accused of attempting to poison the king. To avoid arrest, she sought refuge in Fontevraud Abbey, where she died two years later, but none of this can be confirmed. Queen of England She was the only daughter and heir of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, by Alice of Courtenay, who was sister of Peter II of Courtenay, Latin Emperor of Constantinople and granddaughter of King Louis VI of France. Isabella became Countess of Angoulême in her own right on 16 June 1202, by which time she was already queen of England. Her marriage to King John took place on 24 August 1200, in Angoulême, a year after he annulled his first marriage to Isabel of Gloucester. She was crowned queen in an elaborate ceremony on 8 October at Westminster Abbey in London. Isabella was originally betrothed to Hugh IX le Brun, Count of Lusignan, son of the Count of La Marche. As a result of John's temerity in taking her as his second wife, King Philip II of France confiscated all of their French lands, and armed conflict ensued. At the time of her marriage to John, the blonde and blue-eyed 12-year-old Isabella was already renowned by some for her beauty and has sometimes been called the Helen of the Middle Ages by historians. Isabella was much younger than her husband and possessed a volatile temper similar to his own. King John was infatuated with his young, beautiful wife; however, his acquisition of her had at least as much to do with spiting his enemies as romantic love. She was already engaged to Hugh IX le Brun when she was taken by John. It was said that he neglected his state affairs to spend time with Isabella, often remaining in bed with her until noon. However, these were rumors spread by John's enemies to discredit him as a weak and grossly irresponsible ruler, given that at the time John was engaging in a desperate war against King Philip of France to hold on to the remaining Plantagenet duchies. The common people began to term her a "siren" or "Messalina", which spoke volumes as to popular opinion. Her mother-in-law, Eleanor of Aquitaine, readily accepted her as John's wife. On 1 October 1207 at Winchester Castle, Isabella gave birth to a son and heir who was named Henry after the King's father, Henry II. He was quickly followed by another son, Richard, and three daughters, Joan, Isabel, and Eleanor. All five children survived into adulthood and made illustrious marriages; all but Joan produced offspring of their own. Second marriage When King John died in October 1216, Isabella's first act was to arrange the speedy coronation of her nine-year-old son at the city of Gloucester on 28 October. As the royal crown had recently been lost in The Wash, along with the rest of King John's treasure, she supplied her own golden circlet to be used in lieu of a crown. The following July, less than a year after his crowning as King Henry III of England, she left him in the care of his regent, William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and returned to France to assume control of her inheritance of Angoulême. In the spring of 1220, she married Hugh X of Lusignan, "le Brun", Seigneur de Luisignan, Count of La Marche, the son of her former fiancé, Hugh IX, to whom she had been betrothed before her marriage to King John. It had been previously arranged that her eldest daughter Joan should marry Hugh, and the little girl was being brought up at the Lusignan court in preparation for her marriage. Hugh, however, upon seeing Isabella, whose beauty had not diminished, preferred the girl's mother. Joan was provided with another husband, King Alexander II of Scotland, whom she wed in 1221. Isabella had married Hugh without the consent of the king's council in England, as was required of a queen dowager. That council had the power not only to assign to her any subsequent husband, but to decide whether she should be allowed to remarry at all. That Isabella flouted its authority moved the council to confiscate her dower lands and to stop the payment of her pension. Isabella and her husband retaliated by threatening to keep Joan, who had been promised in marriage to the King of Scotland, in France. The council first responded by sending furious letters to the Pope, signed in the name of young King Henry, urging him to excommunicate Isabella and her husband, but then decided to come to terms with Isabella, to avoid conflict with the Scottish king, who was eager to receive his bride. Isabella was granted the stannaries in Devon, and the revenue of Aylesbury for a period of four years, in compensation for her confiscated dower lands in Normandy, as well as the £3,000 arrears for her pension. Isabella had nine more children by Hugh X. Their eldest son Hugh XI of Lusignan succeeded his father as Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême in 1249. Isabella's children from her royal marriage did not join her in Angoulême, remaining in England with their eldest brother Henry III. Rebellion and death Described by some contemporaries as "vain, capricious, and troublesome," Isabella could not reconcile herself with her less prominent position in France. Though Queen mother of England, Isabella was now mostly regarded as a mere Countess of La Marche and had to give precedence to other women. In 1241, when Isabella and Hugh were summoned to the French court to swear fealty to King Louis IX of France's brother, Alphonse, who had been invested as Count of Poitou, their mother, the Queen Dowager Blanche openly snubbed her. This so infuriated Isabella, who had a deep-seated hatred of Blanche for having fervently supported the French invasion of England during the First Barons' War in May 1216, that she began to actively conspire against King Louis. Isabella and her husband, along with other disgruntled nobles, including her son-in-law Raymond VII of Toulouse, sought to create an English-backed confederacy which united the provinces of the south and west against the French king. She encouraged her son Henry in his invasion of Normandy in 1230, but then did not provide him the support she had promised. In 1244, after the confederacy had failed and Hugh had made peace with King Louis, two royal cooks were arrested for attempting to poison the King; upon questioning they confessed to having been in Isabella's pay. Before Isabella could be taken into custody, she fled to Fontevraud Abbey, where she died on 4 June 1246. By her own prior arrangement, she was first buried in the Abbey's churchyard, as an act of repentance for her many misdeeds. On a visit to Fontevraud, her son King Henry III of England was shocked to find her buried outside the Abbey and ordered her immediately moved inside. She was finally placed beside Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Afterwards, most of her many Lusignan children, having few prospects in France, set sail for England and the court of Henry, their half-brother. Issue With King John of England: 5 children, all of whom survived into adulthood, including: 1.) King Henry III of England (1 October 1207-16 November 1272). Married Eleanor of Provence, by whom he had issue, including his heir, King Edward I of England. 2.) Richard, Earl of Cornwall and King of the Romans (5 January 1209-2 April 1272). Married firstly Isabel Marshal, secondly Sanchia of Provence, and thirdly Beatrice of Falkenburg. Had issue. 3.) Joan (22 July 1210-1238), the wife of King Alexander II of Scotland. Her marriage was childless. 4.) Isabella (1214-1241), the wife of Emperor Frederick II, by whom she had issue. 5.) Eleanor (1215-1275), who would marry firstly William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke; and secondly Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, by whom she had issue. With Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche: nine children, all of whom survived into adulthood, including: 1.) Hugh XI of Lusignan (1221-1250), Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême. Married Yolande de Dreux, Countess of Penthièvre and of Porhoet, by whom he had issue. 2.) Aymer of Lusignan (1222-1260), Bishop of Winchester 3.) Agnès de Lusignan (1223-1269). Married William II de Chauvigny (d. 1270), and had issue. 4.) Alice of Lusignan (1224-9 February 1256). Married John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, by whom she had issue. 5.) Guy of Lusignan (c. 1225-1264), killed at the Battle of Lewes. (Tufton Beamish maintains that he escaped to France after the Battle of Lewes and died there in 1269). 6.) Geoffrey of Lusignan (c. 1226-1274). Married in 1259 Jeanne, Viscountess of Châtellerault, by whom he had issue. 7.) Isabella of Lusignan (c.1226/1227-14 January 1299). Married firstly before 1244 Maurice IV, seigneur de Craon (1224-1250), by whom she had issue; she married secondly, Geoffrey de Rancon. 8.) William of Lusignan (c. 1228-1296). 1st Earl of Pembroke. Married Joan de Munchensi, by whom he had issue. 9.) Marguerite de Lusignan (c. 1229-1288). Married firstly in 1243 Raymond VII of Toulouse; secondly c. 1246 Aimery IX de Thouars, Viscount of Thouars and had issue | de Taillefer, Queen of England Isabelle (I34376)
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| 7692 | Wikipedia - Marcus Livius Drusus (c. 124 – 91 BC) was a Roman politician and reformer, most famous as Tribune of the plebs in 91 BC. During his year in office, Drusus proposed wide-ranging legislative reforms, including offering the citizenship to Rome's Italian allies. The failure of these reforms, and Drusus' subsequent murder at the hands of an unknown assassin in late 91 BC, are often seen as an immediate cause of the Social War.[1] Early life Marcus Livius Drusus was born in ca. 124 BC.[2] He was the son of Cornelia (whose precise identity is unknown) and Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder, a distinguished statesman who had served all the major magistracies of the cursus honorum as tribune in 122 BC, consul in 112 BC, and censor in 109 BC. Drusus the Elder died in 108 BC: if the younger Marcus was the eldest son, he would now have become the pater familias of the Drusi and the provider for his two siblings, Mamercus and Livia.[3] However, certain scholars believe that Mamercus was in fact the eldest son,[1] Marcus one or two years his junior.[4][5] Cicero reports that Drusus was a principled and conscientious youth.[6] When serving as quaestor in Asia Minor, he conspicuously refused to wear his official insignia as a sign of respect.[7] After the death of his father, Drusus inherited vast amounts of wealth, with which he paid for grand gladiatorial shows during his aedileship.[2] His generosity was famous in antiquity: he once commented that he spent so much money on other people that he had 'nothing left to give away to anybody but mud and air'.[8] Drusus also built a grand new house on the Palatine Hill, telling the architect to build it so that all his fellow-citizens could see everything he did. This famous house was later owned by Cicero, Censorinus, and Rutilius Sisenna.[9] Drusus had several distinguished descendants. Through his adopted son, he became an ancestor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty; and through the two marriages of his sister, Livia, he was uncle to Cato the Younger and great-uncle to Marcus Junius Brutus. His brother, Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus (who was adopted into the Aemilii Lepidi), also served as consul in 77 BC. At some point ca. 100 BC, Drusus married Servilia, a sister of his friend Quintus Servilius Caepio. However, they appear to have divorced sometime around the year 97 BC without having any known children.[78] It seems that Drusus did not marry again before his death in 91 BC.[79] However there is a Livia of the late Roman Republic whom has been speculated to be Drusus daughter.[80] Imperial descendants Drusus did adopt Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus, born Appius Claudius Pulcher. This adopted son married Alfidia, with whom he had a daughter named Livia. This Livia was the famous Empress, the wife to the emperor Augustus and mother of the second emperor Tiberius. Therefore, through the adoption of his son, Marcus Livius Drusus and his family (the Drusi) became eventual ancestors to the imperial Julio-Claudian dynasty.[81] Nieces and nephews[edit] Drusus had a sister, Livia, whom he married to his friend and brother-in-law Quintus Servilius Caepio. Livia and Caepio had three children: the famous Servilia, who was sequentially the mistress of Julius Caesar and the mother of Marcus Junius Brutus; another Servilia, who married the general Lucullus; and a son, also called Gnaeus Servilius Caepio.[82] However, Drusus and Caepio fell out, allegedly over the sale of a ring at an auction, and subsequently they became personal enemies.[83] As a result, Drusus divorced Servilia, and Caepio divorced Livia. Drusus apparently had his sister remarried almost immediately, either in 97 or 96 BC,[84] this time to Marcus Porcius Cato, the grandson of Cato the Elder. Livia and Cato had a son, Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis, who was to become the famous opponent of Julius Caesar; they also had a daughter, Porcia, who married Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. However, both Livia and Cato seem to have died in the mid to late 90s BC, meaning that Servilia, Cato, and Porcia were all raised in Drusus' house before his own death in 91 BC.[85] | Marcus Livius Drusus III (I34104)
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| 7693 | Wikipedia - Waldrada (also Vuldetrada) (531–572), wife (firstly) of Theudebald, King of Austrasia (ruled 548–555), reputed mistress (secondly) of Chlothar I, King of the Franks (ruled until 561), was the daughter of Wacho, King of the Lombards (ruled ca. 510–539) and his second wife called Austrigusa or Ostrogotha, a Gepid. The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Wisigarda…secundæ Walderada" as the two daughters of Wacho and his second wife, specifying that Waldrada married "Scusuald regis Francorum" and later "Garipald".[1] The Historia Langobardorum names "Waldrada" as Wacho's second daughter by his second wife, specifying that she married "Chusubald rex Francorum".[2] Paulus Diaconus names "Wisigarda…[et] secunda Walderada" as the two daughters of King Wacho & his second wife, specifying that Walderada married "Cusupald alio regi Francorum" and later "Garipald".[3] Gregory of Tours names Vuldetrada as the wife of King Theodebald.[4] Herimannus names "Wanderadam" wife of "Theodpaldus rex Francorum" when recording her second marriage to "Lotharius rex patris eius Theodeberti patruus".[5] According to Gregory of Tours, King Clotaire "began to have intercourse" with the widow of King Theodebald, before "the bishops complained and he handed her over to Garivald Duke of Bavaria",[6] which apparently implies that King Clotaire did not marry Waldrada. | de Lombardy, Princess Waldrada (I33896)
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| 7694 | Wikipedia -transalation of the French site Guillaume I er de Provence said the Liberator, born around 955 and died at Avignon in 994 , after August 29[1], was a Provencal nobleman, famous for having defeated and driven out the Saracens of Provence in 973. William I of Provence Title of nobility Count of Provence Biography Birth Toward 955 Death After 29 Aug 993 Avignon Activity Monarch Family Bosonids Father Boson II of Arles Mother Constance Siblings Rotboald I of Provence Spouses Adélaïde d'Anjou Arsinde de Comminges Children Constance d'Arles Odile de Provence Guillaume II de Provence Toda, countess of Besalú Son of Boson II , Count of Arles and Constance de Provence , he was successively Count of Avignon (962), Count of Provence (972), Marquis of Arles Provence (979) and Prince of all Provence (991) [2] . Due to an uncle also called William [3] , he is sometimes referred to as William II of Provence. Biography His early years Guillaume and his older brother Roubaud (aka Rotbold II), succeeded their father Boson and uncle also called Guillaume between 962 and 966 . The county of Provence belongs to them in joint possession, Guillaume becoming count of Avignon and Roubaud count of Arles following the division in the previous generation between their father and uncle. He married between 968 and April 970 [4] , Arsinde de Comminges [ 5 ] , daughter of Arnaud, count of Comminges and d'Arsinde de Carcassonne. Arsinde, his first wife, has sometimes been confused with Adelaide, his second, but that controversy is now over[6] . From this first union would be born: Odile de Provence known as Odile de Nice (c. 976-c. 1032) Arsinde Ermengarde The liberation of Provence and its consequences Following the removal of the Abbot Mayeul in July 972 by bands of Saracens installed in the Maures mountain range since the end of the IXth century, Count William and his brother Roubaud took the lead in reinforcing Provencal lost by the troops of Ardouin, count of Turin. They track down the Moors whom they crush at the battle of Tourtour in 973, then drive them out of Provence [7] . In September 983[8], Guillaume annihilated the Saracens on their return from a campaign in the Alps and his brother Roubaud retired from Freinet with the help of Ardouin Marquis of Turin [ 9 ] . This military campaign against the Saracens, conducted without Conrad's troops, is in fact coupled with a feudalization of Provence, of the local aristocracy and of the urban and peasant communities who had until then always refused the feudal mutation and the count's power. . This allowed William to obtain the de facto suzerainty of Provence and with the royal consent, to control the tax authorities of Provence. He distributed the reconquered lands to his vassals, such as the territory of Hyères to to the lords of Fos, arbitrated the differences of various individuals and created Provençal feudalism [10]. With Isarn, bishop of Grenoble , he undertook to repopulate the Dauphiné and authorized an Italian count named Ugo Blavia to settle near Fréjus in the early 970s to put the land back into cultivation. His government and his fame Like his father Boson, Guillaume was advised by a viscount who, from 977, accompanied him on all these trips [11] and he relied on a large group of judges to dispense justice [12] . Having become Marquis of Provence in 979 , he moved to Arles in the early 980s . When his first wife Arsinde de Comminges (c. 950-983) died, he married in 984 in this city, against the advice of the pope, Adelaide of Anjou who had just separated from her husband, the future king of France, Louis V. The couple had at least two children: William II of Provence (c.981-av.May 30, 1018) [ 13 ] Constance d'Arles ( 986 - 1032 ) queen of France by her marriage to Robert II around the year 1000 , Adelaide and another Ermengarde daughter of Arles , whose parentage is more disputed [14] ; Ermengarde Arles wife later Robert I st Auvergne . For all this, he is an important character in the chronicles of Raoul Glaber who treats him as a duke and he appears in a charter of 992 with the name of pater patriae . The end of his life At the end of his life, Guillaume became very pious and returned many goods to the Church's temporal. Already in 991 [15] , at the request of the bishop of Fréjus , Riculf [16], who implored the prince to make restitution of the former domains of the bishopric, Guillaume acceded to this petition and granted him in addition the half of Fréjus and the village of Puget [17]. In 992 , he also returned important estates in the Camargue to the Saint-Jean d'Arles monastery. In 993, near the end of his life, in the city of Avignon of which he was the count, he took the habit of a monk and appealed to the Abbot Mayeul to relieve his soul. He made restitutions and offerings to the abbey of Cluny [2], and was surrounded by a multitude of his subjects when Guillaume de Provence died, shortly after the 29 Aug 993. Before dying, he expressed the wish to be buried in Sarrians, near Carpentras, in the priory under construction on the villa offered to the Burgundian abbey [ 18 ] . | de Provence, WIlliam I (I34452)
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| 7695 | Wikipedia info: "Alice de Warenne, Countess of Arundel (15 June 1287 – 23 May 1338) was an English noblewoman and heir apparent to the Earldom of Surrey. In 1305, she married Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel. Family Alice, the only daughter of William de Warenne (1256-1286) and Joan de Vere, was born on 15 June 1287 in Warren, Sussex, six months after her father was accidentally killed in a tournament on 15 December 1286. On the death of her paternal grandfather, John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey in 1304, her only sibling John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey succeeded to the earldom. He became estranged from his childless wife and they never reconciled, leaving Alice as the heir presumptive to the Surrey estates and title. Marriage to the Earl of Arundel In 1305, Alice married Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel, the son of Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel and Alice of Saluzzo. He had initially refused her, for reasons which were not recorded; however, by 1305, he had changed his mind and they were wed. They had nine recorded children, and their chief residence was Arundel Castle in Sussex. Arundel inherited his title on 9 March 1302 upon his father's death. He was summoned to Parliament as Lord Arundel in 1306, and was later one of the Lords Ordainers. He also took part in the Scottish wars. The Earl of Arundel and his brother-in-law John de Warenne were the only nobles who remained loyal to King Edward II, after Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March returned to England in 1326. He had allied himself to the King's favourite Hugh le Despenser, and agreed to the marriage of his son to Despenser's granddaughter. Arundel had previously been granted many of the traitor Mortimer's forfeited estates, and was appointed Justice of Wales in 1322 and Warden of the Welsh Marches in 1325. He was also made Constable of Montgomery Castle which became his principal base. The Earl of Arundel was captured in Shropshire by the Queen's party. On 17 November 1326 in Hereford, Arundel was beheaded by order of the Queen, leaving Alice de Warenne a widow. Her husband's estates and titles were forfeited to the Crown following Arundel's execution, but later restored to her eldest son, Richard.[citation needed] Alice died before 23 May 1338, aged 50. Her brother died in 1347 without legitimate issue, thus the title of Surrey eventually passed to Alice's son, Richard." | Plantagenet, Alice de Warenne (I25565)
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| 7696 | Wikipedia- Antonia Minor[a] (31 January 36 BC - 1 May AD 37) was the younger of two surviving daughters of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor. She was a niece of the Emperor Augustus, sister-in-law of the Emperor Tiberius, paternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger, mother of the Emperor Claudius, and maternal great-grandmother of the Emperor Nero. She outlived her husband Drusus, her oldest son, her daughter and several of her grandchildren. Biography Birth and early life She was born in Athens, Greece, and after 36 BC was taken to Rome by her mother with her siblings. She was the youngest of five: her mother had three children, named Claudia Marcella Major, Claudia Marcella Minor, and Marcus Claudius Marcellus, from her first marriage and another daughter, named Antonia Major by the same father. Antonia never knew her father, Mark Antony, who divorced her mother in 32 BC and committed suicide in 30 BC. She was raised by her mother, her uncle, and her aunt, Livia Drusilla. Having inherited properties in Italy, Greece, and Egypt, she was a wealthy and influential woman, who often received visitors to Rome. She had many male friends, including Alexander the Alabarch, a wealthy Jew, and Lucius Vitellius, a consul and the father of Aulus Vitellius, a future emperor. Marriage and family In 16 BC, she married the Roman general and future consul (9 BC) Nero Claudius Drusus. Drusus was the stepson of her uncle Augustus, second son of Livia Drusilla and brother of future Emperor Tiberius. They had many children, but only three survived: the famous general Germanicus, Livilla and the Roman Emperor Claudius.[1] A poem by Crinagoras of Mytilene mentions Antonia's first pregnancy, which may be of a child before Germanicus whom must have died in infancy or early childhood.[1][2][3] Drusus died in June 9 BC in Germany, due to complications from injuries he sustained after falling from a horse. After his death, although pressured by her uncle to remarry, she never did. Antonia raised her children in Rome. Tiberius adopted Germanicus in AD 4.[4] Germanicus died in 19 AD, allegedly poisoned through the handiwork of Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso and Munatia Plancina. Tacitus suggests but does not outright say in Annals 3.3 that, on the orders of Tiberius and Livia Drusilla, Antonia was forbidden to go to his funeral. When Livia Drusilla died in June 29 AD, Antonia took care of her younger grandchildren Caligula, Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla, Julia Livilla and later Claudia Antonia. Conflict with Livilla In 31 AD, a plot by her daughter Livilla and Tiberius’ notorious Praetorian prefect, Sejanus, was exposed by Apicata, the estranged ex-wife of Sejanus, to murder the Emperor Tiberius and Caligula and to seize the throne for themselves. Livilla allegedly poisoned her husband, Tiberius' son, Drusus Julius Caesar (nicknamed "Castor"), in 23 AD to remove him as a rival. Sejanus was executed before Livilla was implicated in the crime. After Apicata's accusation, which came in the form of a letter to the emperor, several co-conspirators were executed while Livilla was handed over to her formidable mother for punishment. Cassius Dio states that Antonia imprisoned Livilla in her room until she starved to death.[5] Succession of Caligula and death When Tiberius died, Caligula became emperor in March 37 AD. Caligula awarded her a senatorial decree, granting her all the honors that Livia Drusilla had received in her lifetime. She was also offered the title of Augusta, previously only given to Augustus's wife Livia, but rejected it. Six months into his reign, Caligula became seriously ill. Antonia would often offer Caligula advice, but he once told her, "I can treat anyone exactly as I please!" Caligula was rumored to have had his young cousin Gemellus beheaded, to remove him as a rival to the throne. This act was said to have outraged Antonia, who was grandmother to Gemellus as well as to Caligula. Having had enough of Caligula's anger at her criticisms and of his behavior, she committed suicide. Suetonius Caligula 23, relates how he might have poisoned her. When his grandmother Antonia asked for a private interview, he refused it except in the presence of the prefect Macro, and by such indignities and annoyances he caused her death; although some think that he also gave her poison. After she was dead, he paid her no honour, but viewed her burning pyre from his dining-room. Antonia died on 1 May 37.[6] When Claudius became emperor after his nephew's assassination in 41 AD, he gave his mother the title of Augusta. Her birthday became a public holiday, which had yearly games and public sacrifices held. An image of her was paraded in a carriage. | Antonia Minor (I34050)
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| 7697 | Wikipedia- John du Plessis or Plessetis, Earl of Warwick (d. 26 Feb. 1263) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman. Life He was of Norman origin, and was probably a son of the Hugh de Plessis who occurs as one of the royal knights from 1222 to 1227; he was possibly a grandson of the John de Plesseto who witnessed a charter of King John in 1204, and was in the royal service in 1207. Amauricius and William de Plessis, who were provided with benefices by the king's order in 1243, may have been his brothers. Du Plessis is first mentioned in 1227, when he was one of four knights to whom £60 was given for their support. He served in Wales in 1231, and on 2 March 1232 witnessed a royal charter to Stephen de Segrave. On 30 May 1234 he was appointed warden of Devizes Castle and of Chippenham Forest. In 1239 and 1240 he was sheriff of Oxfordshire, and on 9 December 1241 had the wardship of the heiresses of John Biset of Combe Biset, Wiltshire. In May 1242 du Plessis accompanied Henry III to Poitou. On 2 November he was granted a charger worth £30, on 23 November freedom of bequest, and on 25 December the marriage of Margaret de Neubourg, countess of Warwick, and widow of John Marshal, son of John Marshal (1170?-1235). He returned to England with the king in October 1243. Through the royal influence his suit with Margaret de Neubourg was successful, but he did not assume the title of Earl of Warwick until his tenure of it for life was assured by the consent of the next heir, William Mauduit, father of William Mauduit; he is first styled earl in April 1245. On 18 October 1250 he had a grant of his wife's lands for life. On 24 June 1244 du Plessis had been appointed constable of the Tower of London; and he appears as one of the justices to hold the pleas of the city of London on 24 September 1251. In 1252 he is mentioned as one of the royal courtiers who took the cross, and in May 1253 was one of the witnesses to the excommunication of those who broke the charters. On 3 June 1253 his wife died so her estates settled on William Maudit as 8th Warwick. In August 1253 he again went with Henry to Gascony, and was in the royal service there till August 1254. On 11 February 1254 he was employed to treat with Gaston de Bearn, and on 5 March received £200 in payment for his services. He was at Bordeaux in August 1254, but, having obtained letters of safe-conduct from Louis IX, started home through Poitou early in September, in company with Gilbert de Segrave and William Mauduit. The party was treacherously seized by the citizens of Pons in Poitou; Segrave died in captivity, and John du Plessis was not released until the following year. In the spring of 1258 du Plessis sat with John Mansel and others at the exchequer to hear charges against the mayor of London. At the parliament of Oxford in June 1258 he was one of the royal representatives on the committee of twenty four, was one of the royal electors of the council of fifteen, and a member of the latter body. He was appointed warden of Devizes Castle by the barons, and in 1259 was one of the council selected to act when the king was out of England. On 28 Nov. 1259 he was a commissioner of oyer and terminer for the counties of Somerset, Devon, and Dorset. When Henry removed the baronial sheriffs in July 1261, du Plessis was given charge of Leicestershire, and on 10 August was also made warden of Devizes Castle, a post which he held till 15 June 1262. He died on 26 February 1263, and was buried at Missenden Abbey, Buckinghamshire. Family By his first wife, Christiana, daughter of Hugh de Sanford, he had a son Hugh (1237-1291), who married his father's ward, Isabella, daughter of John de Biset. Hugh de Plessis had a son Hugh (1266-1301), who was summoned to parliament in 1299, and left a son Hugh, who died before 1356 without male issue. John du Plessis was succeeded as Earl of Warwick by his second wife's nephew, William Mauduit, grandson of the 4th Earl. A nephew called Hugh de Plessetis was ancestor of the family of Wroth of Wrotham, Kent. There was a family of the name of Plessis or de Plessetis settled at Plessy in the township of Blyth, Northumberland. Alan de Plessis and John de Plessis were concerned in a forest dispute in Northumberland in 1241. The latter was a person of some note in the county, and was no doubt the warden of Northumberland in 1258, though Dugdale and others have erroneously assigned this office to the Earl of Warwick. | de Plessis, John (I35520)
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| 7698 | Wikipedia- Tiberius Claudius Nero (85–33 BC) was a politician who lived in the last century of the Roman Republic. He was the first husband of Livia, but was forced to divorce her in 38 BC so that she could marry the future emperor Augustus. Nero was the father of the second Roman emperor Tiberius, who became the stepson of the emperor Augustus and was adopted by Augustus as his heir, and Roman general Nero Claudius Drusus. He was also the paternal grandfather of Emperor Claudius, General Germanicus, and Consul Drusus Julius Caesar, paternal great-grandfather of Emperor Caligula and Empresses Agrippina the Younger and Claudia Octavia and maternal great-great-grandfather of Emperor Nero. Ancestry Nero was a member of the republican Claudia gens of Rome.[1] He was a descendant of the first named Tiberius Claudius Nero, a son of Appius Claudius Caecus (censor in 312 BC).[2] Nero was the son of Tiberius Claudius Nero[3] and his mother was a descendant of the Claudian gens.[4] Nero had a sister called Claudia, who married the prefect Quintus Volusius.[5] Life Nero had served as a quaestor to Julius Caesar in 48 BC, commanding his fleet in the Alexandrian War. Having achieved victory over the Egyptian navy, he was rewarded with a priesthood.[6] Julius Caesar had sent Nero to create Roman colonies in Gaul and in other provinces.[6] Despite his service with Julius Caesar, Nero was an Optimate at heart. After the murder of Julius Caesar in 44 BC, when it seemed that the assassins were triumphant, he suggested that they be rewarded for their services to the state. However, due to his previous alliance with the Roman dictator, Nero was allowed to be elected praetor in 42 BC.[6] Around this time Nero married his relative Livia Drusilla,[a] whose father Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus was from the same gens. His son of the same name was born November 16, 42 BC, at Fondi Italy. Shortly afterwards, the Second Triumvirate began to break down, causing a dangerous situation in Rome as the triumvirs went to battle with each other. Nero was forced to choose sides and in his distrust of Octavian, he cast his lot with Mark Antony. In 41 BC, he fled Rome with Livia and Tiberius in tow, joining Antony's brother Lucius in Perusia. Perusia was besieged by Octavian's men by the time Nero arrived, and when the town fell in 40 BC, he was forced to flee first to Praeneste, and then Naples.[9] In 40 BC, Octavian and Mark Antony finally reconciled. In Naples, Nero tried in vain to raise a slave battalion against Octavian and then took refuge with Sextus Pompey, who was then acting as a pirate leader in Sicily.[9] Nero with his family joined Mark Antony soon after in Achaea.[9] After three years of fleeing from Octavian, Nero returned to Rome with Livia and the younger Tiberius, aged 3. Octavian immediately after catching sight of Livia, fell in love with her, despite the fact that she was still married. Octavian was married to Scribonia, with whom he had a daughter called Julia, now known as Julia the Elder. Octavian and Scribonia divorced. Around this time Livia was also pregnant and despite this, Nero was persuaded or forced by Octavian to divorce Livia. Nero and Livia’s second son was born in early 38 BC and he was named Decimus Claudius Drusus, which was later changed to Nero Claudius Drusus.[10] Octavian and Livia married on January 17, waiving the traditional waiting period. Nero was present at their wedding, giving Livia away "just as a father would".[11] As agreed, Nero took his sons to his home, where they were raised and educated. Death Nero died in 33 BC. After his death, his sons went to live with their mother and stepfather. The younger Tiberius, aged 9, delivered his funeral eulogy on the Rostra in Rome.[12] When the future Roman emperor Tiberius celebrated his coming of age, he staged two gladiatorial contests; one was held at the Forum in memory of his father and the other at the amphitheatre in memory of his grandfather Drusus.[3] | Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar Augustus (I34100)
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| 7699 | Wikipedia--Antonia Minor Conflict with Livilla In 31 AD, a plot by her daughter Livilla and Tiberius’ notorious Praetorian prefect, Sejanus, was exposed by Apicata, the estranged ex-wife of Sejanus, to murder the Emperor Tiberius and Caligula and to seize the throne for themselves. Livilla allegedly poisoned her husband, Tiberius' son, Drusus Julius Caesar (nicknamed "Castor"), in 23 AD to remove him as a rival. Sejanus was executed before Livilla was implicated in the crime. After Apicata's accusation, which came in the form of a letter to the emperor, several co-conspirators were executed while Livilla was handed over to her formidable mother for punishment. Cassius Dio states that Antonia imprisoned Livilla in her room until she starved to death.[5] ************************* Wikipedia - Claudia Livia Julia "Livilla" Claudia Livia Julia (Classical Latin: LIVIA•IVLIA;[1] c. 13 BC – AD 31) was the only daughter of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor and sister of the Roman Emperor Claudius and general Germanicus, and thus the paternal aunt of the emperor Caligula and maternal great-aunt of emperor Nero, as well as the niece and daughter-in-law of Tiberius. She was named after her grandmother, Augustus' wife Livia Drusilla, and commonly known by her family nickname Livilla ("little Livia").[2] She was born after Germanicus and before Claudius. She was twice married to the potential successor in the Julio-Claudian dynasty, first to Augustus' grandson Gaius Caesar (died 4 AD) and later to Tiberius' son Drusus the Younger (died AD 23). Allegedly, she helped her lover Sejanus in poisoning her second husband and died shortly after Sejanus fell from power in AD 31. Marriages Livilla was married twice, first in 1 BC to Gaius Caesar, Augustus' grandson and potential successor. Thus, Augustus had chosen Livilla as the wife of the future Emperor. This splendid royal marriage probably gave Livilla grand aspirations for her future, perhaps at the expense of the ambition of Augustus' granddaughters, Agrippina the Elder and Julia the Younger. However, Gaius died in AD 4, cutting short Augustus' and Livilla's plans. In the same year, Livilla married her cousin Drusus Julius Caesar (Drusus the Younger), the son of Tiberius. When Tiberius succeeded Augustus as Emperor in AD 14, Livilla again was the wife of a potential successor. Drusus and Livilla had three children, a daughter named Julia Livia in around AD 7 and twin brothers in AD 19: Germanicus Gemellus who died in 23, and Tiberius Gemellus who survived infancy Livilla's standing in her family Tacitus reports that Livilla was a remarkably beautiful woman, despite the fact she was rather ungainly as a child.[3] The Senatus Consultum de Cn. Pisone patre[4] indicates that she was held in the highest esteem by her uncle and father-in-law, Tiberius, and by her grandmother Livia Drusilla.[5] According to Tacitus, she felt resentment and jealousy against her sister-in-law Agrippina the Elder, the wife of her brother Germanicus, to whom she was unfavourably compared.[6] Indeed, Agrippina fared much better in producing imperial heirs to the household (being the mother of the Emperor Caligula and Agrippina the Younger) and was much more popular. Suetonius reports that she despised her younger brother Claudius; having heard he would one day become Emperor, she deplored publicly such a fate for the Roman people.[7] As with most of the female members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, she may also have been very ambitious, in particular for her male offspring.[8] Affair with Sejanus[edit] Possibly even before the birth of the twins, Livilla had an affair with Lucius Aelius Sejanus, the praetorian prefect of Tiberius – later on, some (including Tiberius) suspected Sejanus to have fathered the twins. Drusus, heir apparent since the death of Germanicus in AD 19, died in AD 23, shortly after striking Sejanus in an argument. According to Tacitus, Suetonius, and Cassius Dio, Sejanus had poisoned Drusus, not only because he feared the wrath of the future Emperor but also because he had designs on the supreme power, and aimed at removing a potential competitor, with Livilla as his accomplice.[9] If Drusus was indeed poisoned, his death aroused no suspicions at the time. Sejanus now wanted to marry the widowed Livilla. In AD 25 Tiberius rejected such a request but in AD 31 he eventually gave way. In the same year, the Emperor received evidence from Antonia Minor, Livilla's mother and his sister-in-law, that Sejanus planned to overthrow him. Tiberius had Sejanus denounced in the Senate, then had him arrested and dragged off to prison to be put to death. A bloody purge then erupted in Rome with most of Sejanus' family (including his children) and followers sharing his fate. Accusations and death[edit] Hearing of the death of her children, Sejanus' former wife Apicata committed suicide. Before her death, she addressed a letter to Tiberius, accusing Sejanus and Livilla of having poisoned Drusus. Drusus' cupbearer Lygdus and Livilla's physician Eudemus were questioned and under torture confirmed Apicata's accusation. Livilla died shortly afterwards, either being killed or by suicide. According to Cassius Dio, Tiberius handed Livilla over to her mother, Antonia Minor, who locked her up in a room and starved her to death.[10] Early in AD 32, the Senate proposed "terrible decrees...against her very statues and memory".[11] Posthumously, there were further allegations of adultery with her physician Eudemus[12] and with the senator and poet Mamercus Aemilius Scaurus.[13]Wikipedia - Livia | Claudia Livia Julia (I34047)
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| 7700 | Wikipedia-Elemund, father of Austrigusa Elemund (Latin: Elemundus, died 548) was king of the Gepids, an east Germanic people, during the first half of the 6th century. He may have been the son of Gunderit, himself son of Ardaric ascended by overthrowing a rival Ardariking branch. Based on archaeological evidence, István Boná believes that in the 520s or 530s Elemund must have consolidated his power in Transylvania by submitting or removing minor Gepid rulers.[1] Elemund had a son and daughter, Ustrigotho and Austrigusa, respectively; the latter was given in marriage to Wacho, the king of the Lombards, in 512. The reasons behind the marriage were multiple: on one side it protected the two kings from the threat represented by the Ostrogothic Kingdom, while on the other it reduced the danger represented to the Lombard king by Ildechis, a pretender to the Lombard throne. Wacho was eventually to remarry after Austrigusa's death, but this did not compromise the good relations existing between Lombards and Gepids.[2][3] Elemund died of illness in 548 and was succeeded by Thurisind, while the legitimate heir was forced into exile.[4][5] Ustrigotho found hospitality among the Lombards, but was killed in 552 by his host, King Audoin, as part of a plan to ease relations between Gepids and Lombards.[6] ************************** Foundation for Medieval Genealogy OSTROGOTHA [Austreusa/Austrigosa] . The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Austrigusa filiam Gippidorum" as King Wacho's second wife[68]. The Historia Langobardorum names "Austreusa filia Gibedorum" as Wacho's second wife[69]. m as his second wife, WACHO King of the Lombards, son of ZUCHILO [Unichis] of the Lombards (-540). | of the Gepidae, Austrigusa (I33898)
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