Notes
Matches 1,451 to 1,500 of 7,802
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| 1451 | Changed birth year from 1890 that was in Memorabilia of Cooper County to 1899 that was in St Paul's German Evangelical Church Records. Newspapers: Boonville Daily News: Obituary, Of Mary Bergman : 28 Jan 1998. | Bergman, Karl Frederich (I23957)
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| 1452 | Changed Day of birth from 15 to 13 based on St Peter and Paul Church records. | Bechtold, Clarence Mike Augustus (I20761)
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| 1453 | Chanute Tribune, The (KS) - Tuesday, December 4, 2001 DERBY - Bessie Malinda Nichols, 82, formerly of Wichita, died Sunday, Dec. 2, 2001, at Via Christi Medical Center-St. Francis Campus, Wichita. She was born April 27, 1919, in Cole County, Mo., the daughter of Henry and Lucinda Cox Bates. She was a retired seamstress. On Aug. 12, 1935, she married Roy M. Nichols in Boone County, Mo. He died Feb. 25, 1982. Survivors include a son, Floyd Nichols, Fall River; a daughter, Marilyn Higgins-Keen, Hattiesburg, Miss.; a brother, Henry Bates Jr., Topeka; three sisters, Minnie Bates, Columbia, Mo., Myrtle Cahill, Lincoln, Neb., and Catherine Graby, Independence, Mo.; three grandchildren; three great-grandchildren and one great-great-grandson. Graveside services will be at 10 a.m. Wednesday, Dec. 5, at Weakley Cemetery near New Albany, led by Charles Bates | Bates, Bessie Malinda (I31446)
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| 1454 | Chapter 2 Armstrong County in The War of the Rebellion 78th Regiment P.V.I. THE SEVENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, P. V. I. Fowzer, Edward, m. i. s. Feb. 28, 18l64; trans. to Co. A, Oct. 18, 1864. | Fowzer, Edward J (I13403)
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| 1455 | Charlemagne, also Charles I, Charles the Great, Carolus Magus, Charles le Grand and Karl de Grosse Originally he was named Charles, after his Frankish grandfather Charles Martel, it was not until much later that historians began calling him Charles the Great or Charles le Magne which evolved into Charlemagne. Charlemagne was the oldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage, on 2 April 742, most likely at Aachen. Charlemagne was technically an illegitimate child, since he was born out of wedlock; Pepin and Bertrada were bound by a private contract or Friedelehe at the time of his birth, but did not marry until 744. He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom. He continued his father's policy towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain. Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of the Romans from 800. During the Early Middle Ages, he united the majority of western and central Europe. He was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later canonized by Antipope Paschal III. In his role as a zealous defender of Christianity, Charlemagne gave money and land to the Christian church and protected the popes. As a way to acknowledge Charlemagne’s power and reinforce his relationship with the church, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans on December 25, 800, at St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. As emperor, Charlemagne proved to be a talented diplomat and able administrator of the vast area he controlled. He promoted education and encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of renewed emphasis on scholarship and culture. He instituted economic and religious reforms, and was a driving force behind the Carolingian miniscule, a standardized form of writing that later became a basis for modern European printed alphabets. Charlemagne ruled from a number of cities and palaces, but spent significant time in Aachen. His palace there included a school, for which he recruited the best teachers in the land. In addition to learning, Charlemagne was interested in athletic pursuits. Known to be highly energetic, he enjoyed hunting, horseback riding and swimming. Aachen held particular appeal for him due to its therapeutic warm springs. Charlemagne had eighteen children with eight of his ten known wives or concubines. Nonetheless, he had only four legitimate grandsons, the four sons of his fourth son, Louis. In addition, he had a grandson (Bernard of Italy, the only son of his third son, Pepin of Italy), who was illegitimate but included in the line of inheritance. Among his descendants are several royal dynasties, including the Habsburg, Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties. By consequence, most if not all established European noble families ever since can genealogically trace some of their background to Charlemagne. In 813, Charlemagne called Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine, his only surviving legitimate son, to his court. There Charlemagne crowned his son as co-emperor and sent him back to Aquitaine. He then spent the autumn hunting before returning to Aachen on 1 November. In January, he fell ill with pleurisy and on 28 January 814 Charlemagne died, in the seventy-second year of his age and the forty-seventh of his reign.He was buried that same day, in Aachen Cathedral. -------------------------------------------------------- I have included the 'Royal Ancestry" information below in cooperation with other members here, but would like to point out it is not the ONLY or even the best source of information on Charlemagne. Most of the information found in it originally came from "Vita Karoli Magni" written by Eginhard, who was Charlemagne's own court biographer and actually knew, and lived among, Charlemagne's family. --------------------------------------------------------- “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “CHARLEMAGNE, King of the Franks, 768-814, King of the Langobards, 773-814, Emperor of the Romans, 800-814, son of Pépin (nicknamed "le Bref”), King of the Franks, by Bertrade, daughter of Charibert, Count of Laon. On the death of his father in 768, he became King of the Franks jointly with his brother, Carloman, and was crowned 9 October 768 at Noyon. He married (1st c.769-770, daughter of Desiderius, king of the Lombards. They had no issue. He married (2nd) before 30 April 771 HILDEGARDE, daughter of Gerold I, Count in Vinzgau, by Imma (or Emma), daughter of Count Nebi (or Hnabi). They had four sons, Charles, Pépin [King of Italy], Louis (I) [King of Aquitaine, Emperor], and Lothair, and five daughters, Adelaide (or Adelheid), Rotrude, Berthe, Gisele, and Hildegarde. On the death of his brother, Carloman, in 771, he reunited his father's possessions. He conquered the kingdom of the Lombards in 773. He used the title "rex Francorum et Langobardorum" from 5 June 774, adding "atque patricius Romanorum" from 16 July 774. His wife, Hildegarde, died at Thionville (Moselle) 30 April 783, and was buried in the church of the abbey of Saint Arnoul at Metz. He married (3rd) at Worms in October 783 FASTRADA, daughter of Radulf, Count in Franconia. They had two daughters, Theodrade [Abbess of Argenteuil] and Hiltrude. His wife, Fastrada, died at Frankfurt 10 August 794, and was buried in the basilica of Saint-Alban in Mainz. He married (4th) c.794-796 LIUTGARDE, an Alamannian. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had four illegitimate sons, Pépin, Dreux [Bishop of Metz], Hugues, and Thierry (or Theodoric), and three illegitimate daughters, Chrothais, Rothlldis (or Rouhaut) [Abbess at Faremoutiers], and Adaltrude. His wife, Liutgarde, died at Tours 4 June 800, and was buried in the church of Saint-Martin in Tours. He was crowned Emperor of the Romans at St. Peter's, Rome 25 December 800. CHARLEMAGNE, Emperor of the Romans, died at Aachen 28 January 814, and was buried at Aix-la-Chapelle. Guerard Cartulaire de l’Abbeye de Saint-Berlin (Coll. des Cartulaires de France 3) (1840): 55-56 (Chartulatium Sithiense, Pars Prima, Folquini Lib. I.). Henaux Charlemagne d'après les Traditions liégeoises (1878). Eginhard Life of Charlemagne (1880). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 814. Karolus imperator 5 Kal. Feb. [28 Jan.] feliciter diem ultimum clausit, anno etatis suae circiter 71."). Cutts Charlemagne (1882). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Necrologia Germaniæ 1) (1888): 273 (Necrologium Augiæ Divitis: kat Ianuarius [28 January] - Karolus imperator."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 111 (seal of Charlemagne dated A.D. 774- Oval: impression from an oval intaglio engraved stone. A bust, draped, turned to the right in profile. Legend: + XPE PROTEGE CAROLVM REGE FRANC.), 111 (seal of Charlemagne dated A.D. 812 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust of Jupiter Serapis, with the modius on his head, in profile to the left. No legend.). Hodgkin Life of Charlemagne (1902). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 52 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 814: "Inclitus imperator Karolus migravit ad Christum feliciter, amen, v kalendas feburarii [28 January]."). Russell Charlemagne, First of the Moderns (1930). Scholz & Rogers Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals & Nithard's Histories (1970): 61 (Royal Frankish Annals sub A.D. 783: "The worthy Lady Queen Hildegard died on April 30, which fell that year on the eve of the Ascension of the Lord."). Banfield Charlemagne (1986). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): I, II.1-II.18. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993). Collins Charlemagne (1998). Becher Charlemagne (2003). Bhote Charlemagne: The Life & Times of an Early Medieval Emperor (2005). Story Charlemagne: Empire & Society (2005). Wilson Charlemagne: A Biography (2005). Einhard and Notker the Stammerer Two Lives of Charlemagne (2008). McKitterick Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity (2008). Children of Charlemagne, by Hildegarde: i. PÉPIN (or PIPPIN), King of Italy [see next]. ii. LOUIS, King of Aquitaine, Emperor, married (1st) ERMENGARDE OF HASPENGAU; (2nd) JUDITH OF ALTORF [see Line B, Gen. 2 below].” | of the Holy Roman Empire, King Charlemagne (I32232)
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| 1456 | Charlene Georgia Thoma, of Boonville, MO died Saturday, August 29, 2015 at the Missouri University Medical Center in Columbia. Visitation will be held at Davis Funeral Chapel from 6-8 p, pm on Thursday, Sept. 3, 2015. Service will be held at First Presbyterian Church on Friday, Sept. 4, 2015 at 10AM. Interment will be at Walnut Grove Cemetery, Boonville. Pall Bearers will be Tom Loesing, Melvin Butler, Harold S. Haller, Earl E. Haller, Tara J. Loesing, and Cameron Thoma. Charlene was born September 2, 1924 in New Franklin, MO to Frank J. “Pete” Thoma and Margaret Ellen Haller Thoma. She became a resident of Boonville at the age of three months and resided there until her death. She graduated from Laura Speed Elliot High School in Boonville here she was a member of the National Honor Society. She received the DAR History Medal and three scholarships. Charlene was a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Boonville and was the Superintendent of the Primary Department for fifteen years with a perfect attendance record. She was also a member of the Business and Professional Women’s Club and the American Women’s Club. Charlene was employed as bookkeeper at Viertel’s Storage garage until fire destroyed the business. She later became employed with the Boonville Daily News as bookkeeper/officer manager for 35 years, 2 months and 5 days and retired in March, 1987. Charlene is survived by Barry, Ann and Cameron Thoma, Frederick, MD; Russ and Tina Thoma, LaGrange, GA, Jonathan Thoma , Tracie Harris, Boonville; Helen Thoma-Garcia, Cindy Thoma-Wilt, Jeffery and Joe Cleveland, NM; Alvera Baslee, Boonville; Eddie and Jo Haller, Boonville, Thomas and Gina Loesing; Becky Thoma, Tara Loesing and Teri Loesing, Boonville. Charlene was preceded in death by her parents; Brothers Bill and Jack Thoma, Aunt Elva Haller Johnson, Uncles Henry W. Thoma and Edson Haller; Grandparents William A. and Minnie Edson Haller; William H. and Minnie Rabin Thoma; great nephew Cole D. Thoma; and niece Deborah Wheeler. Memorial contributions are suggested to the First Presbyterian Church of the American Diabetes Association. | Thoma, Charlene Georgia (I23167)
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| 1457 | Charles Brodhead I (1663-1724) Biography: "Charles Brodhead I married Maria (b. 1674), the daughter of Maria Ten Eyck and Wessel Ten Broeck, on November 14, 1693,. Their children were Daniel III, Charles II, Mary (or Maria), and two sons named Wessel (one of whom died as an infant). Charles also bore the title of captain in the Ulster County militia. Maria died July 9, 1717; Charles I died March 12, 1724. Charles and his brother Richard were given a grant of land which was much later covered by the waters of the Ashokan Reservoir. " (Source: The Winterthur Library) See comments for Daniel Brodhead (1637) • Military Service: commission to Captain, 1685. 2 He received a commission - Chas. Brodhead, Commission, Ensign Foot Company, 1685 and Signed by governor Thomas Songan. These papers were in the possession of Lucan Brodhead in Woodford County, Kentucky at the time of his death in 1914. "To all Christian People, etc. Charles Brodhead of Marbletown in the county of Ulster send greetings: Whereas Daniel Brodhead, late of Marbletown, deceased, left his land to his two brothers, Charles Brodhead and Richard Brodhead ans whereas they have parted and divided the same to their contentment, Now know yee that the said Charles Brodhead for the consideration above but more especially for the avoiding and laying aside all further differences which might arise about the same have given, granted, released, ratified and confirmed unto Richard Brodhead forever that part of the said tract lying next to the lot of John Biggs on the second piece within the bounds of Marbletown so as the same is divided and layd out and stones set by the siad Charles Brodhead and Richard Brodhead as also the old creek or kill lying to the northwest and of the said land that is so broad as the part of the said Richard Brodhead's is and so far northwesterly as the bounds layd out by the said Charles Brodhead and Jan Mattysen between them and also a tract of woodland lyeing in Marbletown behind the Block house called Han's Bottom and all the lowland formerly purchased by his mother of Theuma Jacobsen and that part of the upland thereunto adjoining so as the same is divided and layd ooout by the said Charles Brodhead and richard Brodhead to have and to hold the said parts, parcells etc. and with all and singular the benefits advantaes etc. thereunto belonging unto the said Richard Brodhead, his hhheirs and assigns forever. In witness I have hereunto put my hand and seals in Marbletown the 6th Day of January, 1706-7. Charles Brodhead (L.S.)" Ulster Families Lila Russell James Roney Ulster Co. Press 1939 • Miscellaneous, 3 Aug 1694. 3 Capt. Brodhead received a sheepskin from William and Mary on 3 Aug 1694 which Gov. Ben Fletcher signed and Royal seals affixed. There is also a conveyance still to be found - Capt. Charles Brodhead - conveyance (sheepskin) for Mt. Hope and his "Stony Arabia" from the Trustees of Marbletown, 7 June 1715. This was signed by Richard Brodhead, Jorris and Peter VanLuben. • Land, 15 Oct 1707, Esopus, New York, United States. 4 On Oct. 15, 1707 Charles and Richard Brodhead petitioned for a grant of land on the Esopus Creek or Kill, called Ashocon by the Indians. Part of this land grant would be in the family for over 200 years until the construction of the Ashokan Reservoir. It has been said this was the earliest grant given out in this region. -Town of Olive Through the Years Vera Van Steenberg Sickler Charles married Maria TENBROECK [10242] [MRIN: 3659], daughter of Wesselsen TENBROECK [10243] and Maria TENEYCK [10244], on 14 Nov 1693 in Kingston, Ulster County, New York, United States.1 (Maria TENBROECK [10242] was born in Apr 1674 in Kingston, Ulster County, New York, United States 1 and died on 9 Jul 1717 in Marbletown, Ulster County, New York, United States 1.) Sources 1 Brodhead Family Association, The Brodhead Family; The Story of Captain Daniel Brodhead His Wife, Ann Tye, and Their Descendants, Vol. I; page 29. 2 Brodhead Family Association, The Brodhead Family; The Story of Captain Daniel Brodhead His Wife, Ann Tye, and Their Descendants, Vol. I; Page 29 & 30. 3 Brodhead Family Association, The Brodhead Family; The Story of Captain Daniel Brodhead His Wife, Ann Tye, and Their Descendants, Vol. I; Page 29. 4 Brodhead Family Association, The Brodhead Family; The Story of Captain Daniel Brodhead His Wife, Ann Tye, and Their Descendants, Vol. I; Page 29. | Brodhead, Captain Charles I (I16473)
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| 1458 | Charles going on 25 Sep 1872 and was attached to the 2nd US Cavalry Regiment which were in the Dakota region to combat hostile Indians. He was a private. There is a record for Stillwater, MN Territorial Prison, register # 426, for a Charles f Fouzer on 15 Oct 1873, age 22 from Pennsylvania | Fowzer, Charles Franklin (I21763)
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| 1459 | Charles Goodman and wife, Amy Bailey, moved with Johnson Goodman and wife, Lucy Bailey, to Cooper County, Misouri; and Charles also appears on the Cooper County census 1830 through 1850. Charles Goodman and all of his known children moved to Oregon in 1853. Sue Barnes, the contributor of this information, believes that Johnson and Charles Goodman are related but has never found proof of the relationship. However, their wives are proven sisters. | Goodman, Charles (I3073)
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| 1460 | Charles III, also called Charles the Simple and Charles the Straightforward, was the son of Louis the Stammerer and his second wife Adelaide of Paris. Charles was born on 17 September 879, 5 months after the death of his father Louis in Compiegne on 10 April 879. In 875 Charles mother Adelaide had displaced Louis first wife of 13 years. Charles the Bald had not approved of the first marriage, had it annulled by the Pope, and arranged the marriage of Adelaide and Louis. After Louis' death his first wife, in and attempt to protect the inheritance of her own children, accused Charles mother Adelaide of adultery, bringing Charles parentage into question. After a long and difficult process Charles was finally confirmed as the only legitimate heir of Louis, and heir to the throne. Charles was but and infant, however, and unable to ascend any throne. His older half brothers took joint control of the throne and kept it until their death. Ranulf II, the Duke of Aquitaine, became the guardian of young Charles, and may have tried to claim the throne for him, but in the end used the royal title himself. In 893, 14 year old Charles was crowned King of West Francia at the Reims Cathedral by Aquitainian nobles who opposed the rule of Odo. He was not able to truly claim the throne until Odo's death and when he finally succeeded to his father's throne in 898 his mother assisted in crowning him. Charles reign of 24 years was filled with battles to keep his throne. Charles married twice. His first marriage was in May 907 to Frederuna, daughter of Dietrich, Count in the Hamaland. They had six daughters: -Ermentrude -Frederuna -Adelaide -Gisela, wife of Rollo -Rotrude -Hildegarde Next in 919 Charles married Eadgifu of Wessex, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of the Anglo-Saxons. Together they had one son: Louis IV of France (10 September 920–10 September 954), who eventually succeeded to the throne of West Francia in 936 Charles also had several other offspring: -Arnulf -Drogo -Rorice († 976), Bishop of Laon -Alpais, who married Erlebold, count of Lommegau In 922 Charles III was deposed and, after being defeated at the Battle of Soissons in 923, he was taken prisoner by Count Herbert II of Vermandois. Imprissoned first at Château-Thierry, then in Péronne, Charles the Simple died there on 7 October 929 and was immediately buried in the local Monastery of Saint-Fursy. His son Louis was now the legitimate Carolingian heir. When Charles was captured in 923 Eadgifu took baby Louis to England to the protection of her half-brother, King Æthelstan of England. In 936 the nobility of France requested Louis return to France and succeed to the throne. 15 year old Louis did so with the support of Hugh the Great. Thus although deposed, Charles son Louis still ascended to his throne ----------------- “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).” | de France, Charles (I32267)
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| 1461 | Charles James Stetzenbach, 51, of Green Ridge, MO, passed away Wednesday, December 8, 2021 at Centerpoint Medical Center in Independence, MO. He was born on March 20, 1970 in Sedalia, the son of his father who resides in Sedalia, and Viola (Lawson) Stetzenbach, who preceded him in death. On August 7, 1992 in Sedalia he was united in marriage and she survives. Jim was a 1988 graduate of Smith-Cotton High School. He worked as a truck driver for eight years at Stribling Inc. in Sedalia. He was also a member of the Sedalia Motorcycle Association. Jim loved giving back to his community through volunteerism with several organizations in the area, and with the Pettis County Fire Department for many years. He enjoyed cooking and smoking meats at different events for family and friends. Jim's greatest passion was spending time with friends while working on and riding motorcycles. In addition to his father, he is survived by three children, a granddaughter, a brother, two sisters, a niece, and a nephew, and many aunts, uncles, and cousins. In addition to his mother, he was preceded in death by his maternal grandparents, Ace and Anna Lawson, paternal grandparents, Frank W. Stetzenbach and Mary V. Stetzenbach; and two half siblings, Charles Hammond and Michael Hammond. A Celebration of Life gathering of family and friends will be held from 5:00 p.m. until 7:00 p.m. Friday, December 17, 2021 at Rea Funeral Chapel, Sedalia. Inurnment will be held at 12:00 p.m. Saturday, December 18, 2021 at Miller's Chapel Cemetery. | Stetzenbach, Charles James (I34002)
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| 1462 | Charles L. Rosburg One of the well-know and prominent retired farmers of Remsen is Charles L. Rosburg, who was born at Davenport, on March 1, 1855, the son of Charles H. and Mary (Kart) Rosburg, natives of Holstein, Germany, who continued to live in the land of their nativity until 1854, when they decided to come to America. On their arrival in the United States they came direct to Iowa and located at Davenport. As a young man, Charles H. Rosburg learned the shoemaker's trade and he worked at his trade at Davenport until 1861, when he removed to Benton county, where he continued at his work and later purchased a farm. He developed and improved the place and there engaged in general farming until 1893, when he moved to a farm he had purchased near Sibley, and there he lived until the time of his death in 1895, at the age of eighty-one years. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Rosburg sold the farm and moved to Chandler, Minnesota, where she continued to live until the time of her death in 1912, at the age of eighty-one years. Mr. and Mrs. Rosburg were active members of the Lutheran church, always took much interest in church work and were prominent in the social and religious life of the community, where they were held in the highest regard and esteem by all who knew them. They were the parents of nine children, Charles L., George, Lewis, Bertha, Albert, Herman, John, Henry and Otto, all of whom are now deceased with the exception of Charles L., John and Henry. John Rosburg is a merchant at Newhall, Iowa and Henry Rosburg is retired at Slayton, Minnesota. Charles L. Rosburg received his education in the public schools of Benton county and grew to manhood on the home farm, where as a young man he assisted his father with the farm work. He remained at home until he was twenty-one years of age, after which for a time he worked for others as a farm hand. On February 28, 1879, he was married to Mary Sagner, who was born in Holstein, Germany, and who came with her parents to America in 1868. The father settled in Benton county, Iowa, where he purchased a farm and where he engaged in general farming and stock raising until 1893, when he moved to Lake Wilson, Minnesota. He later lived with Mr. Rosburg for a short time and there he and his wife died two months apart, in 1905, his death having occurred on June 30 and hers on April 30. Mr. Sagner was one of the well-known and successful men of his county and he and his wife were among the prominent members of the social and the religious life of the district. They were the parents of three children, Fritz and Lizzie, who are living at Lake Wilson, and Mary, the wife of Mr. Rosburg. To Charles L. and Mary Rosburg have been born four children, Louis, Gustave, Ella and Lewis. Louis Rosburg is a farmer at Garretson, South Dakota. Gustave Rosburg, who is engaged in farming on the home place, married Anna Erdman and has one child, Lisle. Ella Rosburg became the wife of Fred Erdman and to them were born three children, Erline, now deceased, Ranville and Merlin. They live at Luverne, Minnesota. Lewis is unmarried and is at home. Soon after their marriage, Charles L. Rosburg and wife located in Benton county, where Mr. Rosburg engaged in general farming until 1884, when they came to Plymouth county. Here they purchased a farm of one hundred and twenty acres in section 10 of Remsen township. The place at that time was but partly developed and was without improvements. Mr. Rosburg at once built a small house and began the task of developing his farm. He was successful and later increased his holdings to one hundred and sixty acres and improved his place with substantial and modern buildings. He was interested in good horses, Aberdeen Angus cattle and Poland China hogs and became known as one of the substantial farmers and stockmen of the township. Mr. Rosburg always took an active interest in local affairs and for twenty-one years was trustee of his home township and for fifteen years served on the school board, being a member of the board at the time the new school house was built in Remsen. He was always a strong advocate of the best of schools and the highest class of public improvements and devoted the same careful attention to his official duties that he did to his own private affairs. Being a man of ability and excellent judgment, his advice and influence were often sought in matters that pertained to the interest of both the township and the county. For the past three years Mr. Rosburg has been road supervisor of the Remsen township. In 1909 Charles L. Rosburg and wife retired from the activities of the life on the farm and moved to Remsen, where they built a beautiful two-story, nine-room house, which is modern in every respect. The house is situated on a tract of four acres of land and is regarded as one of the most substantial homes in the city. In addition to their home place they own another residence property, situated on two acres of land in Remsen. Mr. and Mrs. Rosburg had but little financial support when they began life as young married people, yet they were determined to make a home for them-selves and their family. By hard work and close application to business they have risen to positions of honor and influence in their community. They are active members of the German Lutheran church at Remsen and take much interest in church work. They take an active interest in the social and the religious life of the community and have always been interested in the development of the schools of the township and the county. They have been indulgent parents and have given their children good educations. They are among the most hospitable people in the city and are held in the highest regard. Their lives have been well spent and they have accomplished much, not only for themselves and their family, but for the community in general. | Rosburg, Charles L (I22148)
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| 1463 | Charles L. Rosburg One of the well-know and prominent retired farmers of Remsen is Charles L. Rosburg, who was born at Davenport, on March 1, 1855, the son of Charles H. and Mary (Kart) Rosburg, natives of Holstein, Germany, who continued to live in the land of their nativity until 1854, when they decided to come to America. On their arrival in the United States they came direct to Iowa and located at Davenport. As a young man, Charles H. Rosburg learned the shoemaker's trade and he worked at his trade at Davenport until 1861, when he removed to Benton county, where he continued at his work and later purchased a farm. He developed and improved the place and there engaged in general farming until 1893, when he moved to a farm he had purchased near Sibley, and there he lived until the time of his death in 1895, at the age of eighty-one years. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Rosburg sold the farm and moved to Chandler, Minnesota, where she continued to live until the time of her death in 1912, at the age of eighty-one years. Mr. and Mrs. Rosburg were active members of the Lutheran church, always took much interest in church work and were prominent in the social and religious life of the community, where they were held in the highest regard and esteem by all who knew them. They were the parents of nine children, Charles L., George, Lewis, Bertha, Albert, Herman, John, Henry and Otto, all of whom are now deceased with the exception of Charles L., John and Henry. John Rosburg is a merchant at Newhall, Iowa and Henry Rosburg is retired at Slayton, Minnesota. Charles L. Rosburg received his education in the public schools of Benton county and grew to manhood on the home farm, where as a young man he assisted his father with the farm work. He remained at home until he was twenty-one years of age, after which for a time he worked for others as a farm hand. On February 28, 1879, he was married to Mary Sagner, who was born in Holstein, Germany, and who came with her parents to America in 1868. The father settled in Benton county, Iowa, where he purchased a farm and where he engaged in general farming and stock raising until 1893, when he moved to Lake Wilson, Minnesota. He later lived with Mr. Rosburg for a short time and there he and his wife died two months apart, in 1905, his death having occurred on June 30 and hers on April 30. Mr. Sagner was one of the well-known and successful men of his county and he and his wife were among the prominent members of the social and the religious life of the district. They were the parents of three children, Fritz and Lizzie, who are living at Lake Wilson, and Mary, the wife of Mr. Rosburg. To Charles L. and Mary Rosburg have been born four children, Louis, Gustave, Ella and Lewis. Louis Rosburg is a farmer at Garretson, South Dakota. Gustave Rosburg, who is engaged in farming on the home place, married Anna Erdman and has one child, Lisle. Ella Rosburg became the wife of Fred Erdman and to them were born three children, Erline, now deceased, Ranville and Merlin. They live at Luverne, Minnesota. Lewis is unmarried and is at home. Soon after their marriage, Charles L. Rosburg and wife located in Benton county, where Mr. Rosburg engaged in general farming until 1884, when they came to Plymouth county. Here they purchased a farm of one hundred and twenty acres in section 10 of Remsen township. The place at that time was but partly developed and was without improvements. Mr. Rosburg at once built a small house and began the task of developing his farm. He was successful and later increased his holdings to one hundred and sixty acres and improved his place with substantial and modern buildings. He was interested in good horses, Aberdeen Angus cattle and Poland China hogs and became known as one of the substantial farmers and stockmen of the township. Mr. Rosburg always took an active interest in local affairs and for twenty-one years was trustee of his home township and for fifteen years served on the school board, being a member of the board at the time the new school house was built in Remsen. He was always a strong advocate of the best of schools and the highest class of public improvements and devoted the same careful attention to his official duties that he did to his own private affairs. Being a man of ability and excellent judgment, his advice and influence were often sought in matters that pertained to the interest of both the township and the county. For the past three years Mr. Rosburg has been road supervisor of the Remsen township. In 1909 Charles L. Rosburg and wife retired from the activities of the life on the farm and moved to Remsen, where they built a beautiful two-story, nine-room house, which is modern in every respect. The house is situated on a tract of four acres of land and is regarded as one of the most substantial homes in the city. In addition to their home place they own another residence property, situated on two acres of land in Remsen. Mr. and Mrs. Rosburg had but little financial support when they began life as young married people, yet they were determined to make a home for them-selves and their family. By hard work and close application to business they have risen to positions of honor and influence in their community. They are active members of the German Lutheran church at Remsen and take much interest in church work. They take an active interest in the social and the religious life of the community and have always been interested in the development of the schools of the township and the county. They have been indulgent parents and have given their children good educations. They are among the most hospitable people in the city and are held in the highest regard. Their lives have been well spent and they have accomplished much, not only for themselves and their family, but for the community in general. | Rosburg, Carl Heinrich (I540)
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| 1464 | Charles Lee Murdock, Sr., 79, of Boonville passed away on Saturday, February 17, 2018 at Ashley Manor. A celebration of life gathering will be from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Tuesday, February 20, 2018 at William Wood Funeral Home. Charles was born on June 16, 1938 in New Franklin to Leonard and Mary (Treaster) Murdock, both of whom preceded him in death. He was married on January 7, 1961 to Sharon Simmons who preceded him in death on January 8, 2013. He graduated from New Franklin High School. Charles truly enjoyed working and always had something to do. He worked for many years for Butternut Bakery and retired from there. He also owned several businesses and was quite an entrepreneur. He enjoyed anything outdoors and his favorite thing to do was mowing grass. He is survived by: his children, Ron Murdock (Diana) of New Franklin, Vicky Warren (John) of Denver, Charles Murdock, Jr. of Boonville, and Chris Murdock (Suzie) of Slater; grandchildren, Brian, Jade, Shelby, Ross, McCauley, and Taylor; four great-grandchildren; and one sister, Sharon Brick (Gary) of Springfield. Besides his wife and parents, he was preceded in death by one brother, Jacob Murdock of New Franklin. In lieu of flowers, memorials are suggested to Howard County Hospice. Published in Boonville Daily News from Feb. 21 to Feb. 28, 2018 | Murdock, Charles Lee Sr (I20971)
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| 1465 | Charles must have left the Boonville area when he and Anna had gotten divorced. Anna was found in the 1910 census living in Boonville, Missouri with her son William and his family. I don't know the facts behind the divorce because my grandfather was only seven years old when his parents, Minnie, and Chareles died from the flu one week apart from each other. My grandfather was raised by a maiden great aunt in Michigan - Alouisa Lowengrimm, a sister of Anna Lowengrimm Strez. from J. A. Schecter | Family: Stretz, Charles Walter / Lowengrim, Annie Elizabeth (F6593)
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| 1466 | Charles W. Loesing, 86, of Boonville passed away Saturday morning, January 23, 2021, at his home in Boonville. Visitation for Charles will be held at 9 a.m. until service time at 11 a.m., with family arriving at 10 a.m. Tuesday, January 26 at Immanuel Lutheran Church in Boonville, with Pastor Joshua Ketelsen officiating. Public is asked to practice social distancing and wear a mask. Burial will follow in the Walnut Grove Cemetery. Charles William Loesing was born May 27, 1934 in Boonville, MO, the son of Julius C. Loesing and Margaret Fahrenbrink Loesing. Charles married Patricia Schlup in California, MO, on November 11, 1956. He was a lifelong farmer and successful businessman in the Boonville area for many years. Over the years, Charles and Patricia had the privilege of helping numerous people realize their dreams. He was intrigued by business endeavors and successfully pursued them. He was a lifelong member, baptized and confirmed at Immanuel Lutheran Church in Boonville. Charles was a family man who loved spending time with his family and will be greatly missed by many. Charles was preceded in death by his parents, Julius and Margaret, sister, Doris Twillman, brother-in-law, Donald Frederick, and son-in-law, Earl Williams. He is survived by his wife of 64 years, Patricia, of the home, daughters; Arlene Loesing, Leann Williams, and Phyllis (John) Barnes, all of Boonville. He is survived by sisters, Marcella Frederick and Gladys (Tom) Moore and brother-in-law, Ralph Twillman, all of Boonville. He will be dearly missed by his grandchildren, Brandon (Erica) Williams, Ethan (Chrystal) Williams, Leah and Taylor Williams, and Quitina Forde, great-grandchildren, Adelynn, Carter, Rose, and Norah Williams. | Loesing, Charles William (I21026)
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| 1467 | Charles, more commonly known as Charles Martel, was a formidable warrior and statesmen who thoroughly deserved his nickname of “the hammer.” Charles was the son of Frankish statesman Pepin of Herstal and his 2nd wife noblewoman Alpaida, he was born about 688. He had a brother named Childebrand, who later became the Frankish dux (Duke) of Burgundy. In older historiography, it was common to describe Charles as "illegitimate". But the dividing line between wives and concubines was not clear-cut in eighth-century Francia, and it is likely that the accusation of "illegitimacy" derives from the desire of Pepin's first wife Plectrude to see her progeny as heirs to Pepin's power. Charles Martel, as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death, 22 October 741 in Quierzy, France. Charles Martel married twice, his first wife being Rotrude of Treves. They had the following children: -Hiltrud, -Carloman, -Landrade, also rendered Landres -Auda, also called Aldana or Alane -Pepin the Short, also called Pippin Charles married a second time, to Swanhild, and they had one child: -Grifo Charles Martel also had a known mistress, Ruodhaid, with whom he had children: -Bernard -Hieronymus -Remigius. Archbishop of Rouen. Through his son Pepin the Short, Charles Martel was the grandfather of Charles the Great, otherwise known as Charlemagne. Charlemagne was originally named Charles after his grandfather. | Martel, King Charles (I33887)
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| 1468 | Charter Oak, Crawford County, Iowa Fred C. Rosburg, son of Henry and Theresa (Hannemann) Rosburg, was born March 20, 1907, in Soldier Township, Crawford County. He grew to manhood in that vicinity. He was baptized and confirmed in the Lutheran faith at the age of 14 at Immanuel Lutheran Church of Soldier Township. In 1930, he was married to Adelia Lorensen at Carroll, IA. To this union four sons were born: James in the Air Force; Allen, Michael, and Herman at home. He died at the Denison hospital December 11, 1953 at the age of 46 years. Survivors are his wife Adelia, his sons: James, Allen, Michael, & Herman; his mother Theresa (Hannemann) Rosburg; two sisters: Loretta (Mrs. Lloyd Forrestall) of Beaver Creek, OR.; and Rose Marie (Mrs. Harry Noye) of Jennings Lodge, OR.; two brothers: Albert and Henry both of Deep River, IA.; 11 nieces and nephews; and many other relatives and friends. Funeral services were held Wednesday, December 16, 1953 at 2 p.m. at the Huebner Funeral Home in Denison, IA. Rev. Kenderdine conducted. Burial was in the Zion Lutheran Cemetery in Denison, IA. | Rosburg, Fred Carl Adolph "Fritz" (I1444)
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| 1469 | Charter Oak, Iowa 51439 Box 29 712 678-3454 | Rosburg, Herman Fredrick (I7472)
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| 1470 | Chief Marcomir de Toxandrie 0227 – 0281 The Toxandrie (or Toxandrians etc.) were a people living at the time of the Roman empire. Their territory was called Toxandria, a name which survived into the Middle Ages. It was roughly equivalent to the modern Campine (Dutch Kempen) geographical region of northeastern Flanders and southern Netherlands. In modern terms this covered all or most of North Brabant, the east of Antwerp Province, and the north of Belgian Limburg. -- His parentage is in dispute -- dozens of different possibilities and combinations here on Family Search and on the internet. | de Toxandría, Marcomir V (I34028)
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| 1471 | Childeric Hilderic of The Franks Back this far, nothing is agreed upon, with the father taking the role of the son, and the son taking the role of the father from one family group sheet to the next. Also, the online family group sheets associated with this person seem to cycle around in a circle in an infinite loop. Some of the online family group sheets state that these are fictional characters. Research links: https://www.geni.com/people/Child%C3%A9ric-King-of-the-Franks-Fictitious-Person/6000000006128035244 Possible Relatives: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childeric_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlodio https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Frankish_kings https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/family-tree-roldan-hamilton/P7717.php https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/hamrol-till-family-tree/P3319.php https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/hamrol-till-family-tree/P3321.php https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/hamrol-till-family-tree/P3324.php https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/hamrol-till-family-tree/P3326.php King Childeric was a Frankish leader in the northern part of imperial Roman Gaul and a member of the Merovingian dynasty, described as a King (Latin Rex), both on his Roman-style seal ring, which was buried with him, and in fragmentary later records of his life. He was father of Clovis I, who acquired lordship over all or most Frankish kingdoms, and a significant part of Roman Gaul. | of the Salian Franks, Childeric I (I34126)
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| 1472 | Childeric I From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is in the category Category:Magistri militum, but no reliable sources are cited to verify its inclusion. Please help by adding references that support its inclusion, or remove the category if none exist. (June 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Childeric I CHILDERICI REGIS.jpg Copy of the signet ring of Childeric I (original stolen in 1831). Inscription CHILDIRICI REGIS ("of Childeric the king").[1] The original was found in his tomb at Tournai (Monnaie de Paris). King of the Salian Franks Reign 458–481 Predecessor Merovech Successor Clovis I Born c.437 [2] Died c. 481[3] Tournai (present-day Belgium) Burial Tournai (present-day Belgium) Spouse Basina of Thuringia Issue Clovis I Audofleda Lanthilde Albofleda Dynasty Merovingian Father Merovech Childeric I (/ˈkɪldərɪk/; French: Childéric; Latin: Childericus; reconstructed Frankish: *Hildirīk;[4] c. 437 – 481 AD) was a Frankish leader in the northern part of imperial Roman Gaul and a member of the Merovingian dynasty, described as a King (Latin Rex), both on his Roman-style seal ring, which was buried with him, and in fragmentary later records of his life. He was father of Clovis I, who acquired effective control over all or most Frankish kingdoms, and a significant part of Roman Gaul. Contents 1 Biography 2 Marriage, children, and death 3 Tomb 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links Biography Childeric's father is recorded by several sources including Gregory of Tours to have been Merovech, whose name is the basis of the Merovingian dynasty.[5] Gregory reports that Merovech was reputed by some to be a descendant of Chlodio who was an earlier Frankish king who had conquered Roman Gaulish areas first in the Silva Carbonaria, then in Tournai, Cambrai and as far south as the Somme. This is roughly the definition of the Roman province of Belgica Secunda (approximately the "Belgium" defined by Julius Caesar centuries earlier, the region stretching from north of Paris to the Flemish coast) and later a letter of Saint Remigius to Childeric's son Clovis I implies that Childeric had been the administrative chief of this Roman province. In records about specific actions of Childeric himself, he is mainly associated with the Roman military actions around the Loire river, where he appears in records involving the Gallo-Roman general Aegidius. According to Gregory of Tours, Childeric was exiled at some point, the reason being given as Frankish unhappiness with Childeric's debauchery and his seduction of the daughters of his subjects. Childeric spent eight years in exile in "Thuringia" waiting to make a return.[6] In the meantime, according to Gregory, Aegidius himself took up the title of king of the Franks. Upon his return Childeric was joined by the wife of his host, Queen Basina, who bore Childeric his son Clovis.[7] Guy Halsall connects the story to Roman politics, Aegidius being an appointee of Majorian: Although this is only one interpretation of the fragmentary sources, an eight-year period ending with Aegidius' death would allow us to associate Childeric's expulsion with Majorian's accession and appointment of Aegidius.[8] ... Majorian's commander on the Loire, Aegidius, refused to accept Severus as emperor. It is possible that, to legitimise his position, he took the title king of the Franks.[9] Halsall (p. 269) speculates that Childeric probably began a Roman military career in the service of Flavius Aetius who defeated Attila in Gaul, and he points out that much of his military career appears to have played out far from the Frankish homelands. Ulrich Nonn (map p. 37, and pp. 99–100), following his teacher Eugen Ewig, believes that the exile story reflects a real sequence of events whereby Childeric was a leader of "Salian" or "Belgian" Franks based in the Romanized areas conquered by Chlodio, who were allies under the lordship of Aegidius, but eventually able to take over his power when he and his imperial patron died. (Childeric's son Clovis I later fought Aegidius' son Syagrius who was remembered as a King of Romans, and who had control of Soissons in the south of Belgica Secunda.) In a passage normally considered to have come from a lost collection of annals, Gregory (II.18) gives a sequence of events which are very difficult to interpret. In 463 Childeric and Aegidius successfully repelled the Visigoths of Theodoric II from Orléans on the Loire. After the death of Aegidius soon after, Childeric and a comes ("count") Paul are recorded defending the Loire region from Saxon raiders, who were possibly coordinating with the Goths now under Euric. Childeric and Paul fought Saxons under the command of a leader named "Adovacrius" (sometimes given by modern authors in either an Anglo-Saxon spelling form, Eadwacer, or in a spelling the same as used for his contemporary the future King of Italy Odoacer, with whom he is sometimes equated). The origin of these "Saxons" is however unclear, and they are described as being based upon islands somewhere in the Loire region. Detail of golden bees with garnet insets Golden bee or fly jewelry from the tomb of Childeric I in Tournai. Drawn by Jacob van Werden and engraved by Cornelis Galle the Younger Soon after this passage, Gregory of Tours (II.19) reports that Childeric coordinated with "Odovacrius", this time normally assumed to be the King of Italy, against Allemanni who had entered Italy. While some authors interpret these Allemani to be Alans, a people established in the Loire region in this period, there is no consensus on this, because the reference in this case is not apparently to events near the Loire. Marriage, children, and death Gregory of Tours, in his History of the Franks, mentions several siblings of Clovis within his narrative, apparently thus children of Childeric: Clovis I (died 511), whose mother was Basina. Audofleda, Queen of the Ostrogoths, wife of Theodoric the Great. Gregory III.31 also mentions their daughter Amalasuntha. Lanthechild. Gregory II.31 mentions she had been an Arian but converted to Catholicism with Clovis. Albofleda (died approximately 500). Gregory II.31 mentions that she died soon after being baptized with Clovis. Childeric is generally considered to have died in 481 or 482 based on Gregory's reports that his son Clovis died in 511 and ruled 30 years.[10] Tomb Childeric's tomb was discovered in 1653[11] not far from the 12th-century church of Saint-Brice in Tournai, now in Belgium.[12] Numerous precious objects were found, including jewels of gold and garnet cloisonné, gold coins, a gold bull's head, and a ring with the king's name inscribed. Some 300 golden winged insects (usually viewed as bees or cicadas) were also found which had been placed on the king's cloak.[11] Archduke Leopold William, governor of the Southern Netherlands (today's Belgium), had the find published in Latin. The treasure went first to the Habsburgs in Vienna, then as a gift to King Louis XIV of France, who was not impressed with the treasure and stored it in the royal library, which became the Bibliothèque Nationale de France during the Revolution. Napoleon was more impressed with Childeric's bees and when he was looking for a heraldic symbol to trump the Bourbon fleur-de-lys, he settled on Childeric's bees as symbols of the French Empire. On the night of November 5–6, 1831, the treasure of Childeric was among 80 kg of treasure stolen from the Library and melted down for the gold. A few pieces were retrieved from where they had been hidden in the Seine, including two of the bees. The record of the treasure, however, now exists only in the fine engravings made at the time of its discovery and in some reproductions made for the Habsburgs.[13] | of the Salian Franks, King Childeric (I32193)
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| 1473 | Childess | Schamberger, Johannes Erasmus (I28829)
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| 1474 | Childless | Franke, Emma (I30001)
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| 1475 | Childless | Sonneseld, Auguste (I28966)
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| 1476 | Childless | Ambronn, Meta (I29939)
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| 1477 | Childless | Rößner, Dorothea Margaretha (I28830)
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| 1478 | Childless | Nonne, Emma (I29013)
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| 1479 | Childless | Scheller, Clara (I29832)
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| 1480 | Childless | Scheller, Wilhelm Heinrich Herman (I29815)
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| 1481 | Childless | Schaubach, Adolf (I29833)
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| 1482 | Childless | Härtel, Agnes (I29816)
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| 1483 | Childless | Möring, Veronika (I16042)
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| 1484 | Childless | Schwartz, Henriette (I29197)
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| 1485 | Childless | Wölfing, Frieda Hedwig Elise (I29021)
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| 1486 | Childless | Scheller, Anna Julie (I29829)
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| 1487 | Childless | Sauer, Hermann (I30000)
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| 1488 | Children all live in the Belleville, Illinois area. Aunt Mary was a nurse. My father (Elmer William Robien) supported her while she went to nursing school. | Thomas, Earl Allen (I1248)
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| 1489 | Children are Cynthia, Jeff and Jody | Zuncs, George Raymond (I13745)
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| 1490 | Children are Gertrud, Great, Werner, Jose, and Annaliese Jonas. | Scheller, Johanna (I29886)
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| 1491 | Children of (24) Robert and Martha Stevens Hoyt. (57) II. Abigail,* born May 13, 1705; married Joseph Gould, Jr., June 2, 1726. | Hoyt, Abigail (I34645)
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| 1492 | Children were Irene and Auguste Sauer. | Sauer, Carl (I30002)
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| 1493 | Children were Irene and Auguste Sauer. | Böck, Maria (I30003)
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| 1494 | Children with Marcellus Octavia and her first husband had one son and two daughters who survived to adulthood. Marcus Claudius Marcellus Claudia Marcella Major Claudia Marcella Minor Children with Mark Antony Octavia and Mark Antony had two surviving daughters by their marriage (her second, his fourth), and both were the ancestors of later Roman emperors. Antonia Major: grandmother to Emperor Nero. Antonia Minor: mother to Emperor Claudius, grandmother to Emperor Caligula, and great-grandmother to Emperor Nero. | Octavia (I34052)
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| 1495 | Children: Winifred Young Goodin (1874 - 1946)* Guy Young (1879 - 1949)* Nellie Dean Young Reese (1884 - 1948)* John Bernard Young (1887 - 1969)* | Jones, Lettie J (I7175)
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| 1496 | Chilperic I From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search For the Burgundian king ruling 473–474, see Chilperic I of Burgundy. Chilperic I King of Neustria Reign 561–584 Predecessor Chlothar I Successor Chlothar II Born c. 539 Died September 584 (aged 44–45) Chelles Spouse Audovera Galswintha Fredegund Issue more... Theudebert Basina Rigunth Chlothar II Dynasty Merovingian Father Chlothar I Mother Aregund Chilperic I (c. 539 – September 584) was the king of Neustria (or Soissons) from 561 to his death. He was one of the sons of the Frankish king Clotaire I and Queen Aregund. Contents 1 Life 2 Family 3 Etymology 4 Cultural references 5 References 6 Sources 7 External links Life Immediately after the death of his father in 561, he endeavoured to take possession of the whole kingdom, seized the treasure amassed in the royal town of Berny and entered Paris. His brothers, however, compelled him to divide the kingdom with them, and Soissons, together with Amiens, Arras, Cambrai, Thérouanne, Tournai, and Boulogne fell to Chilperic's share. His eldest brother Charibert received Paris, the second eldest brother Guntram received Burgundy with its capital at Orléans, and Sigebert received Austrasia. On the death of Charibert in 567, Chilperic's estates were augmented when the brothers divided Charibert's kingdom among themselves and agreed to share Paris. Not long after his accession, however, he was at war with Sigebert, with whom he would long remain in a state of—at the very least—antipathy. Sigebert defeated him and marched to Soissons, where he defeated and imprisoned Chilperic's eldest son, Theudebert. The war flared in 567, at the death of Charibert. Chilperic immediately invaded Sigebert's new lands, but Sigebert defeated him. Chilperic later allied with Guntram against Sigebert (573), but Guntram changed sides and Chilperic again lost the war. When Sigebert married Brunhilda, daughter of the Visigothic sovereign in Spain (Athanagild), Chilperic also wished to make a brilliant marriage. He had already repudiated his first wife, Audovera, and had taken as his concubine a serving-woman called Fredegund. He accordingly dismissed Fredegund, and married Brunhilda's sister, Galswintha. But he soon tired of his new partner, and one morning Galswintha was found strangled in her bed. A few days afterwards Chilperic married Fredegund. This murder was the cause of more long and bloody wars, interspersed with truces, between Chilperic and Sigebert. In 575, Sigebert was assassinated by Fredegund at the very moment when he had Chilperic at his mercy. Chilperic then made war with the protector of Sigebert's wife and son, Guntram. Chilperic retrieved his position, took from Austrasia Tours and Poitiers and some places in Aquitaine, and fostered discord in the kingdom of the east during the minority of Childebert II. In 578, Chilperic sent an army to fight the Breton ruler Waroch II of the Bro-Wened along the Vilaine. The Frankish army consisted of units from the Poitou, Touraine, Anjou, Maine, and Bayeux. The Baiocassenses (men from Bayeux) were Saxons and they in particular were routed by the Bretons.[1] The armies fought for three days before Waroch submitted, did homage for Vannes, sent his son as a hostage, and agreed to pay an annual tribute. He subsequently broke his oath but Chilperic's dominion over the Bretons was relatively secure, as evidenced by Venantius Fortunatus's celebration of it in a poem. Most of what is known of Chilperic comes from The History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours. Gregory detested Chilperic, calling him "the Nero and Herod of his time" (VI.46): he had provoked Gregory's wrath by wresting Tours from Austrasia, seizing ecclesiastical property, and appointing as bishops counts of the palace who were not clerics. Gregory also objected to Chilperic's attempts to teach a new doctrine of the Trinity.[2] Although some scholars dispute the extent to which Gregory disliked Chilperic.[3] Chilperic's reign in Neustria saw the introduction of the Byzantine punishment of eye-gouging. Yet, he was also a man of culture: he was a musician of some talent, and he wrote verse (modelled on that of Sedulius); he attempted to reform the Frankish alphabet; and he worked to reduce the worst effects of Salic law upon women. In September 584, while returning from a hunting expedition at his royal villa of Chelles, Chilperic was stabbed to death by an unknown assailant.[4] Family Chilperic I's first marriage was to Audovera. They had five children: Theudebert (killed at battle 573). Merovech (killed by a servant at his request in 577), married the widow Brunhilda (his aunt by marriage) and became his father's enemy Clovis (assassinated by Fredegund in 580). Basina (d. aft. 590), nun, led a revolt in the abbey of Poitiers Childesinda (died young from dysentery) His short second marriage to Galswintha produced no children. His concubinage and subsequent marriage to Fredegund in about 568 produced six more legitimate offspring: Rigunth (born c. 569 – aft. 589), betrothed to Reccared but never married. Chlodebert (c. 570/72 – 580), died young. Samson (c. 573 – late 577), died young. Dagobert (c. 579/80 – 580), died young. Theuderic (c. 582 – 584), died young. Chlothar II (born before September 584 – died 18 October 629), Chilperic's successor in Neustria, later sole king of the Franks. Etymology Chilperic's name in Frankish meant "powerful supporter", akin to German hilfreich "auxiliary" (cf. German Hilfe "aid" and reich "rich, orig. powerful") Cultural references An operetta on the subject, Chilpéric, was created by Hervé, first performed in 1864. References Howorth, 309. Gregory of Tours Halsall, Guy (2002). Mitchell, Kathleen; Wood, Ian (eds.). 'Nero and Herod? The death of Chilperic and Gregory of Tours' writing of history' in The World of Gregory of Tours. Brill. pp. 337–350. Oman, Charles. The Dark Ages, 476-918, Rivingtons, 1908, p. 169 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Sources Sérésia, L'Eglise el l'Etat sous les rois francs au VI siècle (Ghent, 1888). Dahmus, Joseph Henry. Seven Medieval Queens. 1972. Halsall, Guy. "Nero and Herod? The death of Chilperic and Gregory of Tours’ writing of history," in The World of Gregory of Tours, ed. Kathleen Mitchell and Ian Wood (Leiden: Brill, 2002). This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chilperic". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 163. | de Neustria, King Chilperic I (I32186)
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| 1497 | Chlothar I From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Chlothar I Monnaie d'argent de Clotaire Ier.jpeg Silver coin of Chlothar I King of Soissons Reign 511–558 Predecessor Clovis I Successor Chilperic I King of Orléans Reign 524–558 Predecessor Chlodomer Successor St. Guntram King of Reims Reign 555–558 Predecessor Theudebald Successor Sigebert I King of Paris Reign 558 Predecessor Childebert I Successor Charibert I King of the Franks Reign 558–561 Predecessor Vacant (last held by Clovis I) Successor Vacant (next held by Clotaire II) Born c. 497 Died 29 November 561 Compiègne Spouse Guntheuc Radegund Ingund Aregund Chunsina Issue Gunthar Childeric Charibert St. Guntram Sigebert Chilperic Chlothsind Chram Dynasty Merovingian Father Clovis I Mother Clotilde Religion Roman Catholic Chlothar I (c. 497 – 29 November 561)[a] was a king of the Franks of the Merovingian dynasty and one of the four sons of Clovis I. Chlothar's father, Clovis I, divided the kingdom between his four sons. In 511, Clothar I inherited two large territories on the Western coast of Francia, separated by the lands of his brother Childebert I's Kingdom of Paris. Chlothar spent most of his life in a campaign to expand his territories at the expense of his relatives and neighbouring realms in all directions. His brothers avoided outright war by cooperating with his attacks on neighbouring lands in concert or by invading lands when their rulers died. The spoils were shared between the participating brothers. By the end of his life, Chlothar had managed to reunite Francia by surviving his brothers and seizing their territories after they died. But upon his own death, the Kingdom of the Franks was once again divided between his own four surviving sons. A fifth son had rebelled and was killed, along with his family. Chlothar's father, Clovis I, had converted to Nicene Christianity, but Chlothar, like other Merovingians, did not consider that the Christian doctrine of monogamy should be expected of royalty: he had five wives, more from political expediency, for the purpose of forming alliances, than for personal motives. Although at the instigation of his queens he gave money for several new ecclesiastical edifices, he was a less than enthusiastic Christian and succeeded in introducing taxes on ecclesiastical property. Contents 1 Introduction 2 Life 2.1 Early life 2.2 Accession to the throne 2.3 First Burgundian war 2.4 Marriage with Guntheuc 2.5 Marriage with Aregund 2.6 Thuringian conquest 2.7 Princess Radegund 2.8 Acquisition of the kingdom of Orléans 2.9 Second Burgundian war 2.10 First Visigoth war 2.11 Civil war 2.12 Ceding of Provence 2.13 Second Visigoth war 2.14 Tuscan tribute 2.15 Death of Clotilde 2.16 Acquisition of Metz 2.17 Saxon war 2.18 Submission of Auvergne 2.19 War with Chram 2.20 Unification of all Francia 2.21 Relations with the church 3 Death 3.1 Succession 3.2 Female monasticism 4 Family 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading Introduction The expansion of Clothar's territories, shown in brown Frankish customs of the day allowed for the practice of polygamy, especially among royalty. So it was not uncommon for a king to have multiple wives and several competing heirs upon his death. This was a major deviation from the monogamy of late Roman customs, influenced by the Church. Frankish rulers followed this practice mainly to increase their influence across larger areas of land in the wake of the Roman empire's collapse. The aim was to maintain peace and ensure the preservation of the kingdom by appeasing local leaders.[1] In the Germanic tradition succession fell, not to sons, but to younger brothers, uncles, and cousins. But under Salic law, Clovis I instituted the custom of sons being the primary heirs in all respects. However, it was not a system of primogeniture, with the eldest son receiving the vast majority of an inheritance, rather the inheritance was split evenly between all the sons. Therefore, the greater Frankish Kingdom was often splintered into smaller sub-kingdoms.[1] Life Early life Chlothar was the fifth son of Clovis I and the fourth son of Queen Clotilde. The name 'Chlothar' means "glory".[2] Chlothar was born around 497 in Soissons. Upon the death of his father on 27 November 511, he received as his share of the kingdom: the town of Soissons, which he made his capital; the cities of Laon, Noyon, Cambrai, and Maastricht; and the lower course of the Meuse River. But he was very ambitious and sought to extend his domain. Bust of Chlothar Accession to the throne Upon the death of Clovis I in the year 511, the Frankish kingdom was divided between Chlothar and his brothers, Theuderic, Childebert, and Chlodomer.[3] Because of the rights of mothers, queens were granted a portion of their son's kingdom. Clovis I, who had two wives, divided his kingdom into two for each of his wives, then parceled out pieces to his respective sons. The eldest, Theuderic, son of the first wife, had the benefit of receiving one half of the kingdom of Francia, Reims. Chlothar shared the second half of the kingdom with his brothers Childebert and Chlodomer. Chlothar received the northern portion, Childebert the central kingdom of Paris, and Chlodomer the southern Kingdom of Orléans.[1] The domain inherited by Chlothar consisted of two distinct parts: one in Gaulic Belgium, corresponding to the kingdom of the Salian Franks, where he established his capital at Soissons and included the dioceses of Amiens, Arras, Saint-Quentin and Tournai; and the other in Aquitane including the dioceses of Agen, Bazas, and Périgueux.[1] First Burgundian war In 516 Gundobad, king of Burgundy, died, and the throne passed to his son Sigismund, who converted to Catholicism. Sigismund adopted an extreme anti-Arian policy, going so far as to execute his Arian son Sigeric, who was the grandson of the Ostrogoth King Theoderic the Great. Sigismund also nearly prompted the Franks to launch an offensive against him, but he avoided a conflict by giving one of his daughters, Suavegotha, in marriage to Chlothar's older half-brother, Theuderic I. In 523, at the instigation of their mother, Clotilde, Chlothar, Childebert, and Chlodomer joined forces in an expedition against the Burgundians. The Burgundian army was defeated, and Sigismund was captured and executed. Sigismund's brother Godomar replaced him on the throne, with the support of the aristocracy, and the Franks were forced to leave. In 524 Chlothar and his brothers, including Theuderic, began a new campaign, advancing to the Isère Valley. But on 25 June 524, they suffered a serious defeat at the Battle of Vézeronce, and Chlodomer was killed. The Franks left Burgundy, and Godomar resumed his rule until 534.[4] Marriage with Guntheuc Radegonde's wedding, depiction of her praying, and prostrate in the marital bed Chlothar married Guntheuc, Queen of Orléans and widow of Chlodomer, his brother. This union gave Chlothar access to Chlodomer's treasury and ensured Guntheuc's position as sole heiress to King Godegisel lands; Frankish law allowed a woman to inherit land if she had no sons.[5] Marriage with Aregund Chlothar's wife Ingund requested that he find a husband worthy of her sister, Aregund. Finding no one suitable, Chlothar took Aregund as one of his own wives. The year was c. 533–538. She remained his wife until the death of her sister, Ingund, in 546, after which she fell out of favor with Chlothar.[6] Thuringian conquest In 531 Hermanafrid, king of the Thuringians, promised to give Chlothar's half-brother, Theuderic, part of the Kingdom of Thuringia if he would help to depose Baderic, Hermanafrid's rival and brother. Theuderic accepted. However, having been injured after a victory, he appealed to Chlothar to continue the war. Hermanafrid died around this time, and the goal became simply to conquer Thuringia. The alliance, along with the aid of his nephew Theudebert I, conquered Thuringia, and it became a part of the Frankish domain. During the division of the spoils, Chlothar and Theuderic argued fiercely over the hand of Princess Radegund, but eventually Chlothar won the dispute on the grounds that it had been his men who had captured her.[7] Princess Radegund Radegund is brought before Chlothar In 538, Radegund was brought to Soissons to marry Chlothar, as "not illegitimate but legitimate queen," who could help consolidate his dominance over Thuringia. While her title and status were necessary for Chlothar to attain authority over Thuringia, Radegund remained in simple clothing and was not treated in the customary manner of a queen. This was largely due to her Christian faith; she did not want to appear luxurious. Radegund did not eat to excess. She insisted that much of her food be given to the poor. She spent most of her time praying and singing psalms but spent very little time with the king. Her allegiance was to God first and to Chlothar second. Chlothar became irritated and had many disputes with her.[8] She retired to a convent and went on to found the abbey in Poitiers St. Croix, the first nunnery in Europe. She was canonized Saint Radegund.[9] Acquisition of the kingdom of Orléans Chlothar was the chief instigator in the murder of his brother Chlodomer's children in 524, and his share of the spoils consisted of the cities of Tours and Poitiers. Chlothar's brother, Chlodomer was killed on 25 June 524 during an expedition against the Burgundians at the Battle of Vezeronce. Upon Chlodomer's death, his three sons, Theodebald, Gunther, and Clodoald, were entrusted to care of their grandmother, hence the young princes were raised in Paris by Chlodomer's mother, Chlotilde. To prevent the kingdom of Orleans from returning to his nephews, Chlothar joined with his brother Childebert in 532 to threaten the young heirs with death unless they agreed to join a monastery. They sent Arcadius, grandson of Sidonius Apollinaris, to their mother, Clotilde, with a pair of scissors and a sword. He gave the queen an ultimatum: the boys could either live as monks or die. Germanic traditions gave Queen Clotilde, as the mother, the right as head of her household. However, among kings the lineage passed to younger brothers before it passed to the next generation. Due to tribal politics, shearing of the boys' hair could lead to a civil war; long hair was a symbol of Frankish royalty, and to remove it was considered a grave insult. But Theodebald, Gunthar, and Clodoald could someday lay claim to the throne, and it was Chlothar and Childebert's duty to pass authority on to them. Clotilde was disgusted and shocked at the demands relayed by Arcadius and stated that she would rather see her sons dead than see their hair shorn.[10] Assassination of Thibaut and Gunthar The two uncles went through with their plan to murder the children. Chlothar stabbed Theodebald in the armpit. Gunthar threw himself at the feet of Childebert, who began to cry and almost gave in to the pleas of his nephew. Chlothar, however, demanded that Childebert carry through with the murder, stating that it was the only way to consolidate power. Childebert gave Gunthar up to Chlothar, who stabbed him.[11] Theodebald and Gunthar were ten and seven years old respectively. Clodoald remained alive by managing to escape, hidden by loyal supporters. He renounced all claims and chose a monastic life. Childebert and Chlothar could then freely share their acquired territory. Meanwhile, Theuderic captured a parcel consisting of Auxerrois, Berry and Sens. Second Burgundian war In 532, Childebert and Chlothar seized Autun. They hunted for Godomar III, brother of Sigismund, with the help of his father and ally, the king of the Ostrogoths Theoderic the Great. The death of Athalaric, the grandson and successor of Theodoric the Great, in 534 generated a succession crisis in the Ostrogothic kingdom, the Burgundian ally. Chlothar, Theudebert, and Childebert took the opportunity to invade the Burgundian kingdom, now devoid of Ostrogothic protection. The Burgundian kingdom was overtaken and divided between the three Frankish rulers. Chlothar received Grenoble, Die and many of the neighbouring cities.[12] First Visigoth war Imagined Bust of Chlothar on coin minted by Louis XVIII Over the years, the Spanish Visigoths had made many incursions into Frankish territories and had taken lands. Clovis had retrieved them and even made further conquests of Gothic territories. Chlothar sent his eldest sons to reclaim lost territories. Although there was some success, for some unknown reason Gunthar, his second eldest, ended his campaign and returned home. Theudebert, the eldest, continued the war and took the strongholds of Dio-et-Valquières and Cabrières. Most of the lost Frankish lands were recovered.[13] Civil war Chlothar attempted to take advantage of Theuderic's illness during this time, trying to attain his kingdom with the help of Childebert. However Theudebert, who was busy securing Arles, rushed back to his father Theuderic's aid. Theuderic died a few days later. And Theudebert, supported by his vassals, managed to keep his kingdom and restrained his uncles from taking over. Childebert and Theudebert joined forces and declared war on Chlothar. They initially defeated him, forcing him to take refuge in a forest for protection against the alliance. While Chlothar was besieged, a storm ravaged equipment, roads, and horses and disorganized the allied army. Childebert and Theudebert were forced to abandon the siege and make peace with Chlothar.[14] Ceding of Provence In 537, a conflict broke out between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Ostrogothic kingdom. To ensure Frankish neutrality in the conflict, King Vitiges offered Provence, which the Frankish Kings shared between them, along with the northern Alps with sovereignty over the Alemanni, by grabbing the upper Rhine valley, Main, and high Danube.[15] When the Ostrogoths ceded Provence to the Franks, he received the cities of Orange, Carpentras, and Gap. Second Visigoth war In spring 542, Childebert and Chlothar, accompanied by three of his sons, led an army into Visigoth Hispania. They seized Pamplona and Zaragoza but were finally forced to abandon after conquering most of the country. Since most of the king's army was still with Theudis and there was still enough power to be shown, they were ceded some major lands beyond the Pyrénées, although not as much as they had occupied.[13] Tuscan tribute The murder of Amalasuntha, the daughter of Theodoric the Great, and of Audofleda, sister of Clovis I, at the hands of King Theodahad of Tuscany caused Chlothar to threaten invasion if he did not receive a payment. The agreement that averted the war was for the Tuscan king to offer gold and land. However, Childebert and Theudebert cheated Chlothar, Childebert taking the money and Theudebert the land that Theodahad's successor, Vitiges turned over.[16] Chlothar's treasury was still much larger than either Childebert's or Theudebert's. Death of Clotilde Frankish Realm in 548 On 3 June 548, Clotilde, Chlothar's mother, died in the city of Tours. Chlothar and his brother Childebert transported her body by funeral procession to the Basilica of St. Apostles to be buried alongside her husband, Clovis I, and St. Genevieve. Acquisition of Metz Theudebald, Chlothar's great-nephew and the grandson of the late Theuderic, died childless in 555. So Chlothar immediately went to Metz to take possession of the kingdom from his late nephew, but under Salic Law he had to share it with his brother. So he married Vuldetrade, Theudebald's widow and the daughter of the Lombard king Wacho. This ensured the smooth succession to the kingdom of Metz, as well as an alliance with the Lombards, established since the reign of Theudebert. But the bishops condemned this incestuous marriage and forced Chlothar to divorce her. They gave her in marriage to the Bavarian Duke Garibald. To compensate for the breakdown of the marriage with Vuldetrade (Waldrada), Chlothar gave Chlothsind, his daughter, to the Lombard prince and future king, Alboin. Condat the Domesticus, great administrator of the palace of King Theudebald, retained his position after the annexation of the kingdom of Metz.[17] Saxon war In 555, Chlothar attacked and conquered the Saxons, who had revolted, in the upper valley of the Weser, Elbe, and the coast of the North Sea. As a submission, Chlothar required them to pay a substantial annual tribute and for some time exacted from the Saxons an annual tribute of 500 cows.[18] Between 555 and 556, the Saxons revolted again, perhaps instigated by Childebert. Faced with the Saxon revolt and threat of a massacre, Chlothar preferred peace talks. He offered to forego battle if they would accept his demand to continue to pay him tribute, despite a previous rejection. But his men, aggressive, eager for battle, contested the decision. Talks were cut short when the soldiers forced him, with insults and death threats, to take on the Saxons. After an incredibly bloody battle, the Saxons and Franks made peace.[19] Frankish Real from 556–560 Submission of Auvergne Auvergne, a once prosperous Roman province, which had resisted the Visigoths and Franks, had hoped they could avoid destruction by offering their loyalty. Theuderic had devastated much of the land, and Theudebert pacified the land by marrying a Gallo-Roman woman of Senatorial descent. In anticipation of the death of Theodebald, Chlothar sent his son Chram to take possession of the area. In time, Chram came to control a larger area and desired to break away from his father entirely. To achieve this, he joined politically with Childebert who encouraged his dissent. In time his influence was expanded over Poitiers, Tours, Limoges, Clermont, Bourges, Le Puy, Javols, Rodez, Cahors, Albi, and Toulouse.[20] War with Chram Chlothar again engaged in war with the Saxons. He sent his sons Charibert and Guntram to lead an army against Chram. They marched to Auvergne and Limoges and finally found Chram in Saint-Georges-Nigremont. Their armies met at the foot of a "black mountain" where they demanded that Chram relinquish land belonging to their father. He refused, but a storm prevented the battle. Chram sent a messenger to his half-brothers, falsely informing them of the death of Chlothar at the hand of the Saxons. Charibert and Guntram immediately marched to Burgundy. The rumor that Chlothar had died in Saxony spread throughout Gaul, even reaching the ears of Childebert. It is possible that Childebert was behind the rumor as well. Chram then took the opportunity to extend his influence to Chalon-sur-Saône. He besieged the city and won. Chram married Chalda, daughter of Wiliachaire (Willacharius), Count of Orléans, which was under Childebert's authority.[21] Unification of all Francia The Death of Chramn, in a 16th-century miniature On 23 December 558, Childebert died childless after a long illness. This allowed Chlothar to reunite the Greater Frankish Kingdom, as his father Clovis had done, and seize the treasure of his brother.[22] The news of Childebert's death had caused many kingdoms to unify under Chlothar. Paris, which had fought against him, submitted to his rule. Chram therefore called on the Bretons to allow him refuge. He had made such an agreement with his father-in-law Willacharius, Count of Orléans, although he was currently taking refuge himself in the Basilica of St. Martin of Tours. He[who?] was caught and subsequently burned "for the sins of the people and the scandals that were perpetrated by Wiliachaire and his wife." Chlothar then restored the Basilica.[22] Between 1 September and 31 August 559, with the help of the Bretons, Chram plundered and destroyed a large number of places belonging to his father. Chlothar, accompanied by his son Chilperic, advanced to Domnonée and arrived there in November or December of 560. During the battle, located near the coast, Conomor was defeated and killed when he attempted to flee. Conomor owned land on both sides of the Channel, and Chram perhaps intended to flee from Chlothar to take refuge in England with the support of Conomor. Chram fled for the sea, but first attempted to rescue his wife and daughters. He was then captured and immediately sentenced to death. He and his wife and daughters were locked in a shack and were strangled and burned.[23] Overwhelmed with remorse, Clothar went to Tours to implore forgiveness at the tomb of St Martin and died shortly afterwards at the royal palace at Compiègne. Relations with the church In 561 Chlothar attempted to raise taxes on churches, despite the exemption granted by Roman law which had been routinely confirmed by past kings. Indeed, Childeric I had granted immunities to ecclesiastics. The Bishop of Tours, Injuriosus refused, left his diocese, and abandoned Chlothar. At the death of the bishop, the king replaced him with a member of his household named Baudin. Similarly, he exiled the bishop of Trier, Nizier, because of its inflexibility on canon law. Thus the tax on churches held. Ingund and Chlothar made many additions to churches, including the decorations of the tomb of Saint-Germain Auxerre; the basilica are preserved with a given royal chalice. Death At the end of his reign, the Frankish kingdom was at its peak, covering the whole of Gaul (except Septimania) and part of present-day Germany. He died at the end of 561 of acute pneumonia at the age of 64, leaving his kingdom to his four sons. They went to bury him at Soissons in the Basilica of St. Marie, where he had started to build the tomb of St. Médard.[24] Succession Charibert received the ancient kingdom of Childebert I, between the Somme and Pyrénées, with Paris as its capital, and including the Paris Basin, Aquitaine and Provence. Guntram received Burgundy with a part of the Kingdom of Orléans, where he established his capital. Sigebert received the Kingdom of Metz with its capital Reims and Metz. Chilperic received the territories north of the Kingdom of Soissons.[25] Female monasticism Chlothar financed the construction of the monastery of Sainte-Croix in Poitiers, which folds Radegund. He transferred reliquaries that the queen had accumulated during her stay with the king to the monastery of St. Croix. Family "Blithilde" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Bilichild. According to Gregory of Tours, "The King Chlothar had seven sons of various women, namely: with Ingund he had Gunthar, Childeric, Charibert, Guntram, Sigebert, and a daughter named Chlothsind; of Aregund, sister of Ingund he had Chilperic; and of Chunsine he had Chram." Breakup of the Frankish Kingdoms upon Chlothar's death in 561 Chlothar's first marriage was to Guntheuc, widow of his brother Chlodomer, sometime around 524. They had no children. His second marriage, which occurred around 532, was to Radegund, daughter of Bertachar, King of Thuringia, whom he and his brother Theuderic defeated.[26] She was later canonized. They also had no children. His third and most successful marriage was to Ingund,[27] by whom he had five sons and two daughters: Gunthar, predeceased father Childeric, predeceased father Charibert, King of Paris Guntram, King of Burgundy Sigebert, King of Austrasia Chlothsind, married Alboin, King of the Lombards He likely had an illegitimate son named Gondovald with an unnamed woman, born sometime in the late 540s or early 550s. Since Chlothar had sown children all throughout Gaul this was not unlikely. The boy was given a literary education and allowed to grow his hair long, a symbol of belonging to royalty. Although Chlothar would offer no more aid or privilege to the boy, his mother took him to the court of Childebert, who recognized him as his nephew and agreed to keep him in court. His next marriage was to a sister of Ingund, Aregund, with whom he had a son, Chilperic, King of Soissons.[27] His last wife was Chunsina (or Chunsine), with whom he had one son, Chram,[28] who became his father's enemy and predeceased him. Chlothar may have married and repudiated Waldrada. A false genealogy found in the Brabant trophies, made in the ninth century during the reign of Charles the Bald, invents a daughter of Chlothar's named Blithilde who supposedly married the saint and bishop Ansbert of Rouen, who was himself alleged to be son of Ironwood III. The Duke Arnoald, father of Arnulf of Metz, was said to have been born of this marriage, thus connecting the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties and creating the appearance that the Carolingian ruled by right of inheritance. It also linked them to the Romans by their affiliation with the senatorial family Ferreoli. Notes | of the Franks, King Clothar (I32189)
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| 1498 | Chlothar II From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Clothar II Clothaire II 584 628.jpg Coin of Clothar II King of the Franks Reign 10 October 613 – 18 October 629 Predecessor Sigibert II Successor Dagobert I as King of the Franks Charibert II as King of Aquitaine King of Neustria Reign 584–613 Predecessor Chilperic I King of Paris Reign 595–613 Predecessor Childebert II Born 584 Died 18 October 629 (aged 44–45) Spouse Haldetrude Bertrude Sichilde Issue Charibert II Dagobert I House Merovingian Father Chilperic I Mother Fredegund Signature Clothar II's signature The kingdom of Chlothar at the start of his reign (yellow). By 613 he had inherited or conquered all of the coloured portions of the map. A treaty of King Chlothar II and the Lombards. Chlothar II (or Chlotar, Clothar, Clotaire, Chlotochar, or Hlothar; 584 – 18 October 629), called the Great or the Young, was king of Neustria and king of the Franks, and the son of Chilperic I and his third wife, Fredegund. He started his reign as an infant under the regency of his mother, who was in an uneasy alliance with Clothar's uncle King Guntram of Burgundy, who died in 592. Clothar took power upon the death of his mother in 597; though rich, Neustria was one of the smallest portions of Francia. He continued his mother's feud with Queen Brunhilda of Austrasia with equal viciousness and bloodshed, finally achieving her execution in an especially brutal manner in 613, after winning the battle that enabled Chlothar to unite Francia under his rule. Like his father, he built up his territories by seizing lands after the deaths of other kings. His reign was long by contemporary standards, but saw the continuing erosion of royal power to the French nobility and the church against a backdrop of feuding among the Merovingians. The Edict of Paris in 614, concerned with several aspects of appointments to offices and the administration of the kingdom, has been interpreted in different ways by modern historians. In 617 he made the mayor of the Palace a role held for life, an important step in the progress of this office from being first the manager of the royal household to the effective head of government, and eventually the monarch, under Pepin the Short in 751. Chlothar was forced to cede rule over Austrasia to his young son Dagobert I in 623. Unusually for a Merovingian monarch, he practised monogamy, though early deaths meant that he had three wives. He was generally an ally of the church and, perhaps inspired by the example of his uncle Guntram, his reign seems to lack the outrageous acts of murder perpetrated by many of his relations, the execution of Brunhilda excepted. Contents 1 Background 1.1 Frankish territories in the sixth century 1.2 Ambitions of Fredegund 2 Sources 3 Early life 4 Ruler of Neustria 4.1 Battle of Dormelles 4.2 War between Austrasia and Burgundy (610–612) 4.3 War between Clothar and Austrasia-Burgundy (613) 5 King of All Franks (613–629) 5.1 Mayors of the Palace 5.2 Edict of 614 5.3 Dagobert King of Austrasia (623) 5.4 Barbarian and Christian relations 6 Death 7 Family 8 References 9 Bibliography 9.1 Period sources 9.2 Contemporary studies 10 External links Background Frankish territories in the sixth century The domain of Clothar II was located in the territorial and political framework derived from the Frankish kingdom present at 561 at the death of Clothar, son of Clovis and grandfather of Clothar II. On the death of Clovis in 511, four kingdoms were established with capitals at Reims, Soissons, Paris, and Orléans, Aquitaine being distributed separately. In the year 550, Clothar I, the last survivor of four brothers reunited the Frankish kingdom, and added Burgundian territory (Burgundia) by conquest. In 561, the four sons of Clothar I followed the events of 511 similarly and split the kingdom again: Sigebert I in Reims, Chilperic I in Soissons, Charibert I in Paris, and Guntram in Orleans, which then included the Burgundian kingdom territory (Burgundia). They divided Aquitaine separately again. Very quickly, Sigebert moved his capital from Reims to Metz, while Guntram moved his from Orléans to Chalon. On the death of Charibert in 567, the land was again split between the three survivors, of greatest importance Sigebert (Metz) received Paris and Chilperic (Soissons) received Rouen. The names Austrasia and Neustria seem to have appeared as the names of these kingdoms for the first time at this point. Ambitions of Fredegund In 560, Sigebert and Chilperic married two sisters, daughters of the Visigoth king of Spain Athanagild; princesses Brunhilda, and Galswintha respectively. However Chilperic was still very much attached to his lover and consort, Fredegund, causing Galswintha to wish to return to her homeland in Toledo. In 568 she was murdered and within days, after a brief period of grieving, Chilperic officially married Fredegund and elevated her to a queen of a Frankish kingdom. "After this action his brothers thought that the queen mentioned above had been killed at his command..."[1] Chilperic agreed, at first, to pay a sum of money to end the feud, but not soon after decided to embark on a series of military operations against Sigebert. This was the beginning of what is called the "royal feud " which did not end until Brunhilda died in 613. The main episodes until the assassination of Chilperic in 584 were as follows: the assassination of Sigebert (575), the imprisonment of Brunhilde and her marriage to a son of Chilperic, and the return of Brunhilda to her son Childebert II, successor of Sigebert. Moreover, Fredegund strove to ensure her position, since she was from lower origins, by eliminating the sons that Chilperic had with his previous wife Audovera: Merovech and Clovis. Her own children, however, died at a very young age and appeared to be by foul play. When Fredegund had a son in the spring of 584, he would have been the future successor of Chilperic I, if he had lived long enough. Sources The main sources from the time are the chronicles of Gregory of Tours and the Chronicle of Fredegar. It is possible, however, that the authors contain a degree of bias in their works; for instance Gregory was a key figure in some of the conflicts of the time. The History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours in the late sixth century only recounts up to 591. It is favorable to Queen Brunhild, Sigebert, and Chilperic but extremely hostile to Fredegund. The Chronicle of Fredegar, beginning in 584, on the other hand is extremely hostile to Brunhild. That chronicle includes: The Biography of Clothar II Clothar II deals with the Lombards Early life Under Frankish customs, newborns did not receive names initially, in order not to spread concern related to the symbolic name of the Merovingian. Wanting to choose a name based on the development of unrest in the kingdom of the Franks, his father did not baptize him immediately.[2] Chilperic and Fredegund desired to protect their child, since their four older sons may have been victims of murder, and there was much political intrigue at the time. He was raised in secret in the royal villa in Vitry-en-Artois to avoid detection. In September 584, Chilperic I was murdered after a hunt near his villa of Chelles perhaps on the order of Queen Brunhilda. This event produced general disorder and unrest.[3] In this time Austrasians plundered parts of Neustria, seizing valuable treasures and goods, as well as important documents.[4] Princess Rigunth, on the way to Spain to marry Prince Reccared, was captured by Duke Didier of Toulouse and was linked in conspiracy with Gondovald who stole all that remained of her dowry, so that she was forced to abandon the marriage.[5] Wars broke out between rival cities, and Orléans, Blois and Chartres stood against Châteaudun.[6] Fredegund managed to keep most of the treasury of the state as well as key political figures, such as the generals Ansoald and Audon, although many, such as chamberlain Eberul, abandoned her. She took her son to Vitry and sent a message to Guntram, King of Burgundy, asking him to adopt the child and offer his protection to him in return for exercising his authority over Neustria until the boy came of age.[7] Childebert II, who was at Meaux when Chilperic was murdered, considered an attack on Paris, but Guntram was ahead of him. Childebert II began negotiations with Brunhilda on one hand, Guntram on the other: but Guntram refused many of his requests, including allowing him into Paris. He refused to deliver Fredegund, whom Brunhilda claimed was behind the regicide of Sigebert I, Clovis, and even Chilperic I.[4] Guntram convened a meeting of Greater Neustria, in which the court recognized Clothar as the son of Chilperic, although there were some doubts about his paternal identity. It was at this time that they gave him the name Clothar, naming him after his grandfather. Guntram then took legal responsibility of the child, adopting him and becoming his godfather.[4] Ansoald was responsible for regaining control of cities Neustria had lost since the death of Chilperic. They then swore allegiance to Guntram and Clothar after their capture. Guntram, attempting to restore order in the affairs of Neustria, likely against the advice of Fredegund and perhaps to show his authority, replaced key figures in the episcopal see of the church and moved its location.[8] Bishop Promotus of Châteaudun, whose diocese was demoted after the parish council of Paris in 573, saw this as a violation of canon law; the death of Sigebert I he demanded to return from exiled, and was thus restored much of his personal property.[4] Two envoys from Brunhilde, Duke Gararic and chamberlain Eberon, succeeded in swaying Limoges, Tours, and Poitiers towards Austrasian influence, with the help of bishops Gregory of Tours and Venantius Fortunat. Guntram responded by sending troops to recover the lost cities that promptly returned their loyalties to Guntram and Cothar.[4] Fredegund was sent to the Villa de Vaudreuil, in the diocese of Rouen, where she was put under the supervision of the bishop Pretextatus. During the summer of 585, Guntram returned to Paris to act as godfather of Clothar, as he swore to Fredegund, along with three bishops and three hundred nobles of Neustria who recognized Clothar II as the son of Chilperic I. However the baptism at this time was postponed. It was expected to reconvene at the council of Troyes, but Austrasia refused to participate if Guntram would not disinherit Clothar. The council is moved to Burgundy and he was baptized on 23 October 585. While Guntram campaigned to capture Visigothic Septimania, Fredegund escaped custody of the bishop and fled Rouen. During Sunday Mass, Pretextatus was stabbed, although he did not die immediately. Fredegund attempted to fetch doctors and gain his favor. However, he openly accused her of being behind this attack and the murder of the various kings. He publicly cursed and denounced her before dying soon after.[4] Fredegund is cursed by Pretextatus, by Lawrence Alma-Tadema. The queen then used her new freedom to rally as many nobles and bishops as could be found to her son. She was reinstalled into power despite Guntram's exile of her.[4] Guntram then attempted to weaken Fredegund's influence by swaying some of the Neustrian aristocracy to his side, and keep Neustrian lands he held between the Loire and Seine by rallying Duke Beppolène. In 587, he managed to capture the towns of Angers, Saintes, and Nantes.[4] Fredegund then offered to negotiate peace and sent ambassadors to Guntram. But they were arrested and Guntram severed relations with Neustria, approaching Brunhilda and Childebert II, with whom he concludes the pact of Andelot: agreeing that upon the death of one of the two kings, the other would inherit his kingdom. In 592 Guntram dies and Childebert becomes king of Austrasia and Burgundy.[4] The Austrasia-Burgundy union lasted only until 595, when the death of Childebert II brought it to an end. His realm was then split between his two sons: Theudebert II inherited Austrasia, while Theuderic II received the kingdom of Burgundy. The two brothers then campaigned united against their cousin Chlothar II of Neustria, but their alliance lasted only until 599, when they took up arms against each other.[4] A young Clothar at the head of the army In 593, although only as a symbolic presence since he was only nine years old, Clothar II appeared at the head of his army, which routed the Austrasian Duke Wintrio who was invading Neustria. In 596, Clotaire and Fredegund took Paris, which was supposed to be held in common. Fredegund, then her son's regent, sent a force to Laffaux, and the armies of Theudebert and Theuderic were defeated.[4] Fredegund died in 597, leaving Clothar to rule over Neustria alone, although the boy king didn't do anything significant for 2 more years. Ruler of Neustria Battle of Dormelles In 599, he made war with his nephews, Theuderic II of Burgundy and Theudebert II of Austrasia, who were old enough to be his cousins. They defeated him at Dormelles (near Montereau), forcing him to sign a treaty that reduced his kingdom to the regions of Beauvais, Amiens and Rouen, with the remainder split between the two brothers. At this point, however, the two brothers took up arms against each other. In 605, he invaded Theuderic's kingdom, but did not subdue it. He remained often at war with Theuderic until the latter died in Metz in late 613 while preparing a campaign against him. In 604, a first attempt to reconquer his kingdom ended in failure for Clothar. His son Merovech was taken prisoner by Theuderic at the Battle of Étampes and was murdered at the order of Brunhilda by Bertoald. Clothar agreed that he would become the godfather of Theuderic's son in 607, naming him Merovech.[9] Around the same time, Theuderic, seeking a marriage to the Spanish Visigoth princess Ermenberge, daughter of King Witteric, created new political tensions. Witteric then negotiated with Clothar II for an alliance, as well as Agilulf, King of the Lombards. The coalition against Theuderic does not appear to have been followed by significant effects. War between Austrasia and Burgundy (610–612) In 610 Theudebert and Theuderic entered into a war. Theudebert won initial victories in 610, which led Theuderic to approach Clothar, promising to return northern Neustria to him for his aid. Theudebert was crushed in 612, at the battles of Toul and Tolbiac, near Cologne. War between Clothar and Austrasia-Burgundy (613) Clothar slays Bertoald As agreed, Theuderic ceded northern Neustria to Clothar, but then turned around and organized an invasion of Neustria. However he died of dysentery in Metz in 613. His troops dispersed immediately, and Brunhilda placed her great-grandson Sigebert II on the throne of Austrasia.[10] Brunhilde is dragged to her death At that time, Warnachar, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, and Rado, mayor of the palace of Burgundy, abandoned the cause of Brunhilda and her great-grandson, Sigebert II, and the entire realm was delivered into Chlothar's hands. Brunhilda and Sigebert met Chlothar's army on the Aisne, but the Patrician Aletheus, Duke Rocco, and Duke Sigvald deserted the host and the grand old woman and her king had to flee. They got as far as the Orbe, but Chlothar's soldiers caught up with them by the lake Neuchâtel. Both of them and Sigebert's younger brother Corbo were executed by Chlothar's orders, then proceeded to execute many of the family members of this house except Merovech, his godson, and perhaps Childebert who had fled. Brunhilde was accused of murdering ten members of the Neustrian royal family, as well as other Frankish royalty, and was tried and convicted. She underwent a very severe torture and execution by being dragged on the back of a horse and drawn-and-quartered.[11] After this victory, Clothar was left as the sole royal ruler of the Frankish peoples and consolidated his power. King of All Franks (613–629) Upon his unification of all Franks, Clothar took up residence in Paris and in the villas of Alentours.[12] Mayors of the Palace An important key aspect that was maintained in all three administrations of the kingdoms even after unification was the presence of the Mayors of the Palace. The mayor of the palace was originally the king's servant in charge of administrative events of the palace. During the royal feud, however, the role grew in importance as more of a steward of lands to care more directly than the king could and was placed in the hands of aristocracy. One of the most notable figures in this role was Warnachaire, mayor of the palace of Burgundy in 613, who was one of the leaders responsible for capturing Brunhild, and held the position until his death in 626. Warnachaire's wife, Berthe, was likely a daughter of Clothar.[13] Edict of 614 In 614, Chlothar II promulgated the Edict of Paris, a sort of Frankish Magna Carta that reserved many rights to the Frankish nobles while it excluded Jews from all civil employment for the Crown.[14][15] The ban effectively placed all literacy in the Merovingian monarchy squarely under ecclesiastical control and also greatly pleased the nobles, from whose ranks the bishops were ordinarily exclusively drawn. Article 11 of the Edict states that it is to restore "peace and discipline in [the] kingdom" and "suppress rebellion and insolence". The edict for was ratified for all three kingdoms. Due to several abuses of powers by officials, many of whom had been appointed by Chilperic, several mandates were made, among them the requirement that officials must have come from the region they officiate over.[16] Chlothar was induced by Warnachar and Rado to make the mayoralty of the palace a lifetime appointment at Bonneuil-sur-Marne, near Paris, in 617. By these actions, Chlothar lost his own legislative abilities and the great number of laws enacted in his reign are probably the result of the nobles' petitions, which the king had no authority not to heed. Dagobert King of Austrasia (623) Clothar and a young Dagobert In 623, he gave the kingdom of Austrasia to his young son Dagobert I. This was a political move as repayment for the support of Bishop Arnulf of Metz and Pepin I, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, the two leading Austrasian nobles, who were effectively granted semi-autonomy.[17] At the same time, Clothar made territorial changes by assigning the region of Reims to Neustria. But Dagobert, now the semi-autonomous king of Austrasia, negotiated its return in 626. Barbarian and Christian relations Clothar was no exception in the line of Merovingians of its history of family feuding. This was considered to be a very 'barbarian' custom. However, he was one of the few Merovingians that did not practice polygamy, instead remaining faithful to a single wife until her death. He remained respectful of the Church and its doctrines, keeping it as an ally. He likely tried to maintain himself as a pious king, inspired by the holiness of his uncle Guntram who had protected him and allowed him the throne.[18] In 617, he renewed the treaty of friendship that bound the Frankish kings with the kings of the Lombards. He likely had the policy of maintaining good relations with Christianized-barbarian peoples so long as they kept good relations themselves with the Church.[19] Death This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Chlothar II" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Portrait of Clothar II Clothar died on 18 October 629 at age 45, and was buried, like his father, in the Saint Vincent Basilica of Paris, later incorporated in the Saint- Germain -des- Prés. His rule lasted longer than any other Merovingian king save for his grandfather Chlothar I. He left the crown greatly reduced in power, with more power resting among the nobles, and paved the way for the rise of the mayors and the rois fainéants. The Neustrian aristocracy chose King Caribert, the half-brother of Dagobert, as king. However, Dagobert was supported by the Austrasians and Burgundians, and soon reigned over all three domains. Caribert formed his own kingdom composed of Aquitaine territories. Family He first married Haldetrude, with whom he had the following children : Merovech, who was sent Landéric, mayor of the palace of Neustria, to avoid Austrasien Berthoald at Arele in 604, but was caught and killed. Emma, married in 618 to Eadbald († 640), King of Kent. Though recently it has been suggested that she may have instead been the daughter of Erchinoald, mayor of the palace in Neustria.[20] Dagobert I (c. 603–639), King of the Franks His second wife, Bertrude, was likely the daughter of Richomer, patrician of the Burgundians, and Gertrude. This marriage produced: A son who died in infancy in 617. Bertha, wife of Warnachaire, mayor of the palace of Bourgogne. In 618, he married Sichilde, sister of Gomatrude who later married Dagobert I, and probably Brodulfe (or Brunulfe), who would later support Caribert II. From this marriage there was: Charibert II († 632), king of Aquitaine. Oda, a daughter. | of the Franks, King Chlothar II (I32182)
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| 1499 | Christened is actual as an infant and confirmation date is about at 12 years old in the Lutheran Church. Info per JF Thoma. | Studt, Alice Martha (I1893)
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| 1500 | Christening Record for Lutheran church book of 1750 - 1799 page 7; Godparent Johann Hormel master potter of Hofstadten, Germany. Married frecord from Lutheran Churchbook of Hofstaedten; while burial record from Lutheran churchbook of Ebersdorf, German, #11; case of death dropsy | Thomæ, Johann Stephan (I8113)
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