Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Princess of Wales
• FSID: G8ZS-9TQ

Family/Spouse: FitzAlan, Fledaldus. Fledaldus (son of Seneschal, Allan and de Lumley, Margaret Filia Rex) was born in 1046 in Dol, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; died in 1106 in Dol, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. FitzFlàald, Sir Alan was born in 1076 in Dol, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; died in 1121 in Oswestry Castle, Oswestry, Shropshire, England; was buried in 1121 in Shropshire, England.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Gwynedd, Deheubarth, and Powys
• FSID: M1W5-BFF
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1055 and 1063, Wales; High King of Wales

Notes:

Gruffydd ap Llewellyn, King of the Britons
Birth: circa 1007, Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales
Immediate Family: son of Llewellyn ap Seisyll and Angharad verch Maredudd, husband of Guerta o Deheubarth and Ealdgyth, father of Nest ferch Gruffydd; Idwal ap Gruffydd; Maredudd ap Gruffydd and Owain Gruffudd, brother of Rhiwallon ap Llewelyn, half brother of Gwenwyn verch Cynfyn; Bleddyn Ap Cynfyn, King of Powys; Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, Prince of Powys; Angharad verch Cynfyn and Llewelyn ap Cynfyn

Update May 18 2018:
1039-Takes Powys and Gwynedd, kills Iago ap Idwal.
1045-Deheubarth is seized from him by Gruffydd ap Rhydderch who reigns over it for the next ten years.
1055-Gruffydd ap Llywelyn kills Gruffydd ap Rhydderch and regains Deheubarth.
1057-He becomes the first and last prince to unite and rule over all of Wales.
5 Aug 1063-Killed by his own men after his defeat in battle to Harold Godwinson
Per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Llywelyn His head was sent to Harold, the one who had defeated him. Then Harold married Gruffydd's widow, Ealdgyth, but Harold died 3 years later.

While many different leaders in Wales claimed the title of 'King of Wales', the country was only truly united once: under the rule of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn from 1055 to 1063.

His 1st wife's name in not known, his 2nd wife was Ealdgyth, daughter of Earl Ælfgar of Mercia; the 2 women should not be confused OR MERGED!

Gruffydd married of Mercia, Lady Ealdgyth in 1054 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales. Ealdgyth (daughter of of Mercia, Ælfgar and Mallet, Ælfgifu) was born in 1040 in Kingdom of Mercia, England; died in 1066 in Chester, Cheshire, England; was buried in 1066 in Spalding, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9CW5-JNL
• Appointments / Titles: 1054; Queen Consort of England; Queen Consort of Wales

Notes:

05 Aug 1063 in Snowdonia, Wales; After escaping a surprise attack by the forces of Harold Godwinson in 1062, Gruffydd lost his head to Harold's brother in Snowdonia on 5 August 1063.

Jan 1066 in London, England; Ealdgyth married for a 2nd time to Harold Godwinson (King of England). The marriage was likely politically motivated and is believed to have occurred shortly before or after he became king in January 1066.

14 Oct 1066 in Hastings, Sussex, England; Ealdgyth's second husband, King Harold Godwinson, died on 14 October 1066 in the Battle of Hastings against William the Conqueror

14 Oct 1066 in Cheshire, England; At the news of Harold's death, Ealdgyth's brothers went to London to fetch her and immediately sent her to Chester for shelter. It is unknown what happened to her thereafter.

NOT THE SAME AS EDITH SWANNECK: Ealdgyth was the wife of Gruffudd ap Llywelyn and 2nd wife of Harold Godwinson, while Edith Swanneck was the mistress/consort of Harold Godwinson BEFORE his marriage to Ealdgyth

1041 Capture of Wife of Hywel
Some historians hold that Gruffydd had a liaison with the wife of Hywel ab Edwin, taken as part of "the spoils of war" in 1041.
Wolcott states that in 1041 that during a battle with King Hywel ap Edwin of Deheubarth, Gruffudd ap Llewelyn seized Hywel's wife. The 3 principal versions of the Brut differ as to what Gruffudd had in mind when he took the lady.
- Took her for his own, i.e. took her for a mistress;
- Took her as his own wife
- Took her and controlled her. This version might describe his simply taking the lady hostage, a common occurrence in warfare during that era. Since we believe he already had a wife, and knew the lady was a daughter of Earl Leofric we suspect she was taken as a bargaining chip in the event Mercia interfered with his plans to take Deheubarth and, indeed, all of Wales.

Edith or Ealdgyth, was the daughter of Aelfgar, who became Earl of East Anglia in 1053 and Earl of Mercia in 1057, dying shortly after 1062.
Wolcott emphasizes that while many suppose that Aeldgyth was the same lady Gruffudd had taken from Hywel in 1041, the chronology does not fit. The lady widowed in 1063 bore 2 sons to Harold before 1066, but the lady taken from Hywel would have been in her mid or late 40's by then.
First Marriage to Gruffudd
Gruffudd married, first, about 1057, as her first husband, Edith (or Ealdgyth Ealgyth Aldgyth), daughter of Aelfgar (of Elgar), King of Mercia, son of Leofric, son of Leofwine, the earl of Mercia who died before 1032. Her grandmother was Lady Godiva.
Edith married, about 1057, Gruffudd ap Llywelyn.

After his first wife Nest died, probably in childbirth, Gruffudd married Ealdgyth about 1055 . The marriage of Gruffudd and Eadgyth would have been about 1055 when Gruffudd and Aelfgar were known to be allies.
The number of Ealdgyth's children with Gruffydd is also in some dispute. While Nesta is her daughter, there is some uncertainty about the mother of Maredudd and Idwal.
m.1(c. 1050 or 1056/7) Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Wales (d. 1063).[2] Issue: 1 proven:

(unproven) Maredudd "Meredith" ap Gruffydd (d. 1068 or later; or 1070).
(unproven) Idwal ap Gruffydd (d. 1068 or 1070).
Nesta.
m. Osbern FitzRichard
Per https://www.geni.com/people/Ealdgyth/6000000000115658521, Ealdgyth was butied in Spalding, Lincoln, England

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Gwynedd, Powys and Deheubarth
• Appointments / Titles: King of Wales
• FSID: 9376-JCH
• Appointments / Titles: 1018, Wales; King of Gwynedd and Powlys

Notes:

Llywelyn ap Seisyll (died 1023) was an 11th-century King of Gwynedd, Powys and Deheubarth.

Llywelyn was the son of Seisyll, a man of whom little is known. Llewelyn first appears on record in 1018, that year he defeated and killed Aeddan ap Blegywryd along with four of his sons and obtained Gwynedd and Powys.

In 1022, a man named Rhain the Irishman was made king of Deheubarth, he claimed to be a son of Maredudd ab Owain, whose daughter Angharad had married Llywelyn. Llywelyn made war against Rhain, they fought a battle at Abergwili, and after a “slaughter on both sides” Rhain was killed allowing Llywelyn take control of Deheubarth.

Llywelyn, after his success against Rhain, died in 1023. The Brut y Tywysogion portrays Llywelyn’s reign as one of prosperity saying “complete in abundance of wealth and inhabitants; so that it was supposed there was neither poor nor destitute in all his territories, nor an empty hamlet, nor any deficiency.” Llywelyn was called "King of the Britons" by the Annals of Ulster.

Llywelyn had one son called Gruffydd; he did not succeed his father, possibly because he was too young to do so. Gruffydd went on to become the first and only true King of Wales (the only one to rule over all the territory), however he was killed by his own men in 1063. Gruffydd’s own sons Maredudd and Idwal died in 1069, fighting at the Battle of Mechain.

As Llewelyn's grandfather is not known some scholars have said it was a man named Ednowain or Owain others Rhodri. Yet a more likely proposition is that Llewelyn was a nephew to King Cadell ap Brochwel of Powys, son of his younger brother Seisyll and that he did not acquire Powys by conquest but hereditary right and then conquered Gwynedd from Aeddan son of Blegywryd.

Llewelyn married verch Maredudd, Queen Angharad in 994. Angharad (daughter of ap Owain, King Maredudd and verch Hywel Dda, Lady Angharad) was born in 980 in Dynefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died on 8 May 1058 in Powis Castle, Montgomeryshire, Wales; was buried in 1077 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Deheubarth
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Gwynedd
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Powys
• FSID: 9HVH-9GD

Notes:

Biography
Angharad verch Maredydd Queen of Powys was born in about 0982

Parents
Angharad's father was Maredydd ap Owain, son of Owain ap Hywel and Angharad verch Llewelyn.

994 First Marriage to Llywelyn ap Seisyll
In 994 Angharad married Llywelyn ap Seisyll.

The marriage of Angharad and Llywelyn is confirmed by the Chronicle of the Princes of Wales which records that "Bleddyn son of Cynvyn and Gruffudd son of Llywelyn were brothers by the same mother Angharad daughter of Meredudd king of the Britons".

Llywelyn was aged 14 at the time (so born in 980). The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Llywelyn son of Seisyllt lord of Maes Essyllt although but a youth not more than fourteen years of age" married "Yngharad, daughter of Meredydd on of Owain" in 994

1023 Anghard's Second Marriage to Cynfyn ap Gwerstan
As the widow of Llywelyn, Angharad married secondly in 1023 Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, King of Powys, son of Gwerstan.

Death
She died in Wales in 1077 (83-91)

Issue
Angharad had children by two marriages. Her second husband Cynfyn likely had children by a previous wife, and these children are sometimes mis-attributed to Angharad.

1.) Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, son of Angharad and her first husband Llewelyn. Gruffydd, king of Gwynedd & Powys was born about 1011 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales and died 5 August 1063. He was the child of Llywelyn ap Seisyllt and Angharad verch Maredudd. Gruffydd did not succeed his father, possibly because he was too young to do so when his father died in 1023. Gruffydd went on to become the first King of Wales, however he was killed by his own men in 1063. Gruffydd's own sons Maredudd and Idwal died in 1069, fighting at the Battle of Mechain. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn inflicted a series of defeats on the English, and made alliances with the enemies of King Edward the Confessor. Gruffydd fought a long campaign against rival kings to win overall control of Wales. By 1055, he had become master of Deheubarth and had expanded his rule to the lesser kingdoms of Morgannwg (Glamorgan) and Gwent. In 1063, Earl Harold Godwinsson (later Harold II) and his brother Tostig made a joint attack on Gwynedd. At the same time, Deheubarth rebelled against Gruffydd's rule. Gruffydd fled and was murdered by his own men. Gruffydd married Ealdgyth, a daughter of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia. Ealdgyth married second in circa 1064 to Harold Godwinson, the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. Ealdgyth and Gruffydd had a son: Maredudd ap Gruffydd who was excluded from the throne by his uncles Bleddyn ap Cynfyn and Rhywallon ap Cynfyn. Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, king of the Britons

2.) Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn ap Gwerystan, son of Angharad and Cynfyn, born c. 1024, was elevated to king of Powys after the death of Gruffudd ap Llewelyn Rhiwallon was killed in the Battle of Mechain, about 1068. This is the most concrete date associated with Rhiwallon. Warriors were generally young men, though the princes for whom they fought were often older and also expected to fight. Estimate that Rhiwallon was aged 45 at Mechain, and his birth year would be, say, 1025, or if the first born of his mother's second marriage, 1024. Florence of Worcester records that he was appointed King of Powys by King Edward "the Confessor" after the defeat of Gruffydd. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records in 1106 that "Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, were brothers, from Angharad daughter of king Maredudd". Florence of Worcester records that he was appointed King of Powys by King Edward "the Confessor" after the defeat of Gruffydd. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "the action of Mechain took place between Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, Maredudd and Ithel, sons of Gruffudd" in 1068, adding that "Ithel was killed in the battle and Maredudd died of cold in his flight, and Rhiwallon son of Cynvyn was slain". The name of Rhiwallon´s wife is not known.

3.) Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, born c. 1025, who was made king of Gwynedd after Gruffudd's death in 1063, and additionally king of Powys when Rhiwallon was killed in 1069 Bleddyn ap Cynfyn of Deheubarth was born in 1025 and died in 1075. Bleddyn ap Cynfyn born about 1025 Montgomeryshire, Bleddyn ap Cynfyn was the son of Princess Angharad ferch Maredudd (of the Dinefwr dynasty of Deheubarth) and her second husband Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records in 1106 that "Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, were brothers, from Angharad daughter of king Maredudd". He succeeded his uterine half-brother in 1063 as King of Gwynedd and Powys. He married secondly m. Haer ferch Gillin, and thirdly a daughter of Brochwel

4.) Gwerfyl, born c. 1026, who married Gwrgan ap Ithel Ddu of Glamorgan, and was mother to Iestyn ap Gwrgan. Without naming her, Boyer, following Bartrum, notes a daughter of Cynfyn who married Gwrgan ab Ithel ab Idwallon ap Morgan Mawr (who was King of Morgannwg).

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LZ8J-9XT
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1051 and 1052, East Anglia, Norfolk, England; Earl of East Anglia
• Appointments / Titles: Apr 1053, Kingdom of Wessex (England); Earl

Notes:

Ælfgar (died c. 1060) was the son of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, by his famous mother Godgifu (Lady Godiva). He succeeded to his father's title and responsibilities on the latter's death in 1057. He gained the additional title of Earl of East Anglia, but also was exiled for a time.

Ælfgar married Aelfgify, sister of William Malet, Lord of Eye.
They had 4 children:
- Burgheard, died returning from Rome 1060, buried at Reims
- Edwin, Earl of Mercia
- Morcar, Earl of Northumbria
- Ealdgyth, married (1st) Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, King of Wales (2nd) Harold Godwinson, King of England.
--------------------------------------------------------------
from www.geni.com

Ælfgar
Also Known As: "Algar III Earl of Mercia", "Aelfgar", "Alfagar of Mercia"
Birthdate: circa 1002 (57)
Birthplace: Mercia, England
Death: between 1059 and 1063 (53-65)
Mercia, England
Place of Burial: Coventry, Warwickshire, England
Immediate Family:
Son of Leofric III, earl of Mercia and Lady Godiva
Husband of Ælfgifu
Father of Ealdgyth; Eadwyne, Duke of Mercia; Morcar, Earl of Northumbria and Burgheard
Occupation: Earl of East Anglia and Mercia, Earl of Mercia, King of Mercia

Aelfgar, Earl (d 1062), was the son of Leofric of Mercia and his wife Godgifu, the 'Lady Godiva' of legend. Bitter jealousy existed between the ancient Mercian house and the new and successful family of Godwine. When, in 1051, Godwine and his sons gathered their forces against the king and his foreign favourites, Aelfgar and Leofric were among the party which stood by Eadward at Gloucester, and on the outlawry of Harold his earldom of East Anglia was given to Aelfgar. The new earl ruled well, and the next year, on the restoration of Godwine's house, cheerfully surrendered the government to Harold. On the death of Godwine in 1053, the West Saxon earldom was given to Harold, and East Anglia was again committed to Aelfgar. In 1055, at the Witenagemont held in London, Aelfgar was accused of treason, and was outlawed 'for little or no fault at all,' according to all the Chronicle writers, save one. The Canterbury writer, however, who was a strong partisan of Harold, says that Aelfgar owned his guilt, though he did so unawares. He fled to Ireland and engaged eighteen ships of the Northmen. He crossed to Wales and made alliance with Gruffydd of North Wales. With Gruffydd and a large host of Welshmen, Aelfgar and his Norse mercenaries invaded Herefordshire. Ralph, the king's nephew, the earl of the shire, met the invaders with an army composed both of Frenchmen and English. He foolishly compelled his English force to go to battle on horseback, contrary to their custom. He and his Frenchmen fled first, and the battle was lost. Aelfgar and his allies entered Hereford. They sacked and burnt the minster and the city, slaying some and taking many captive. To check this invasion the whole force of the kingdom was gathered under Earl Harold and Aelfgar and his allies were chased into South Wales. In 1055 Aelfgar made peace with Harold, was reconciled to the king and restored to his earldom. On the death of Leofric, in 1057, Aelfgar received his father's earldom of Mercia. The position of his new earldom as regards Wales and Ireland encouraged his restlessness, and the weakness and instability of King Eadward the Confessor made rebellion no serious matter. It was probably while the only force capable of maintaining order in the kingdom was removed by the pilgrimage of Harold, that Aelfgar was, in 1058, outlawed for the second time. His old allies were ready to help him. Gruffydd and a fleet of the Northmen, which seems to have been cruising about on the look-out for employment, enabled him to set his outlawry at defiance and to retain his earldom with the strong hand. IN one good deed Aelfgar and Harold acted together. On the surrender of the see of Worcester by Archbishop Aldred in 1062, both the earls joined in recommending Wulfstan for the bishopric. Soon afterwards, probably in the same year, Aelfgar died. His wife's name was Aelfigifu. He left two sons, Eadwine and Morkere, who played a conspicuous part in English history. A charter of the abbey of ST Remigius at Rheims records that Aelfgar gave Lapley to that house for the good of the soul of a son of his named Burchard, who was buried there. His daughter, Aldgyth, married her father's ally Gruffydd, and, after the deaths of Aelfgar and Gruffydd, married as her second husband Harold, her father's old enemy. [Dictionary of National Biography I:148-149]

Aelfgar, of age 1051, d. shortly after 1062, Earl of East Anglia 1053, Earl of Mercia 1057, banished 1058; m. Aelfgifu, by whom 3 known sons: Eadwine, Morkere, and Burchard, whose issue are unknown, and a daughter Aldgyth [as well as Edith or Aldgyth]. [Ancestral Roots, Line 176a-3]

______________________________

Earl of East Anglia 1053; Earl of Mercia 1057.

From Gen-Med Archives, June 19, 1999; author: Leo van de Pas:

"In 1055, he was forced to seek the protection of Gruffyd in Wales, in that year Gruffyd and Alfgar burned down St.Aethelbert's minster and all the town of Hereford. In 1058 Alfgar, without having given reason, was outlawed, and went to Ireland and Wales where he got himself a great band and then travelled to Hereford. After a violent battle Alfgar was reinstated and given back all that had earlier been taken from him."

Bet. 1051-1052 in East Anglia, Norfolk, England; When the Godwins were exiled from England in 1051 Ælfgar was given the Earldom of East Anglia, which had been that of Harold Godwinson. When Harold returned in 1052, the property was restored to him..

Apr 1053; Harold became Earl of Wessex after his fathers death April 1053, and the earldom of East Anglia returned to Ælfgar.

1058; Ælfgar was exiled by King Edward in 1055 but was reinstated later the same year.

Ælfgar married Mallet, ÆlfgifuEngland. Ælfgifu (daughter of of Northumbria, Morcar and of Northumbria, Ealdgyth) was born in 997 in Kingdom of Wessex (England); died in 1092 in Kingdom of Mercia, England; was buried in 1092 in Coventry, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: M47Y-DXN

Notes:

Aelfgifu was the wife of Aelfgar the Earl of Mercia. They had 4 children:
- Burgheard, died returning from Rome 1060, buried at Reims
- Edwin, Earl of Mercia
- Morcar, Earl of Northumbria
- Ealdgyth, married (1st) Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, King of Wales (2nd) Harold Godwinson, King of England.

Aelfgifu is believed to be the sister of William Malet, Lord of Eye.
Not much is know about the wife of Aelfgar, Earl of Mercia. Most sources do not name her at all, others claim her name was of Aelgifu. Some people try to make her Ælfgifu, the daughter of King Æthelred the Unready, however, this is not possible. Ælfgifu, the daughter of King Æthelred, is well known to have married Uchtred of Bamburgh about 1014. Uchtred died in 1016 and not much is known about Ælfgifu after that, which leads many to presume she remarried to Ælfgar. There are records documenting the remarriage of Uchtred's other wives but there is nothing documenting Ælfgifu's marriage to Aelfgar. As the daughter of King Æthelred she whould have been much more high profile than Uchtred's other wives and yet nothing. Surely if Aelfgar had married the daughter of a king it would be documented and he would have used those familial relations to his advantage. Ælfgifu did have a daughter named Ealdgyth, just like Aelfgar and his wife, however, the father of her daughter is known to be Uchtred. Ealdgyth, Uchtred's daughter was born between 1014 and 1016 and is known to have married Maldred, Lord of Allerdale about 1036, together they had 3 children. The daughter of Aelfgar, born 1026 or much later, would have been too young to have married Maldred in 1036. She is known to have married Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, King of Wales about 1055 and had at least one child. After his death she married Harold Godwinson, King of England in 1066 and had a son. The daughter of Uchtred born no later than 1016 would have been at least 50 years old in 1066 and past child bearing years. The daughter of Uchtred can not possibly be the same woman that was also the daughter (or step-daughter) of Aelfgar. And Ælfgifu the wife of Uchtred was not also the woman who married Aelfgar. Additionally, William Malet, High Sheriff of Yorkshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk, is "said to be the brother of Aelgifu, wife of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia". Malet was certainly not the son of King Æthelred.

In a one on one comparison, it can be seen they are not the same woman:
Ælfgifu: Born: 991 to 1001
Father: King Æthelred
Marriage: Uchtred 1014
Daughter: Ealdgyth, born 1014 to 1016

Aelgifu: Born: ?
Father: ? same father as William Malet
Marriage: Aelfgar about 1023
Daughter: Ealdgyth, born sometime after 1025

Some records such as The Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
report Aelgifu's parents as Morcar Thegn of Derbyshire and his wife Ealdgyth. However, this does not appear to fit with her also being the sister of William Malet. UNLESS they were half-siblings sharing the same mother but not the same father. FMG does not have any records supporting this parent/child relationship. Aelgifu did name 2 of her children Morcar and Ealdgyth, these names are not seen in Aelfgar's family so the children could well be named in honor of Aelgifu's parents. This is just a possibility however with out sources to confirm it.
http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20AngloSaxon%20nobility.htm#AelfgifuNorthumbriaMAelfgarMercia

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GZ58-GFV

Seisyll married verch Eliseg, Trawst. Trawst (daughter of ap Anarawd, Prince Elisedd and verch Cunedda, Tegawr) was born in 940 in Gwynedd, Wales; died in 1035 in Dinefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LCRM-5HJ
• Life Event: 977, Flintshire, Wales; Marriage to Seisyll

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Dinefwr
• FSID: LHW9-VZ4
• Alternate Birth: 951, Dynefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales
• Appointments / Titles: Between 986 and 999, Wales; King of Gwynedd
• Appointments / Titles: Between 988 and 999, Wales; King of Deheubarth

Notes:

Kings of Deheubarth
A Pre-Conquest Listing
www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/kingdoms
Hywel Dda (the Good) 909-950
Rhodri ap Hywel 950-953 (joint)
Edwin ap Hywel 950-954 (joint)
Owain ap Hywel 950-987 (joint)
Maredudd ab Owain 987-999
Cynan ap Hywel 999-1005
Edwin ab Einion 1005-1018
Cadell ab Einion 1005-1018
Llywelyn ap Seisyll 1018-1023

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Maredudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda (d 999), king of Deheubarth, He succeeded his aged father as sole ruler of Deheubarth in 986, and in the same year repeated the achievement of his grandfather by reuniting Gwynedd and Deheubarth for the period of his reign. In spite of domestice disharmony, he impressed contemporaries by his bold and aggressive leadership against Saxon and Dane. His greatest claim to fame rests, perhaps, on his relationship to Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, whose mother, Angharad, was Maredudd's daughter. [Dictionary of Welsh Biography p615]
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Maredudd ab Owain (d 999?) Welsh prince, was the son of Owain ap Hywel Dda. According to the sole authority, the contemporary 'Annales Cambriae,' he lived in the second period of Danish invasion, a time of great disorder in Wales as elsewhere, and first appears as the slayer of Cadwallon ab Idwal, king of Gwynedd, and the conqueror of his realm, which, however, he lost in the ensuing year. In 988, on the death of his father Owain, he succeeded in his dominions, viz. Glower, Kidwelly, Ceredigion, and Dyfed, the latter probably including Ystrad Tywi. His reign, which lasted until 999, was mainly spent in expeditions against his neighbours (Maesyfed was attacked in 991, Morgannwg in 993, Gwynedd in 994) and in repelling the incursions of the Danes. On one occasion he is said to have redeemed his subjects from the Danes at a penny a head.
Maredudd's only son, so far as in known, died before him. But so great was the prestige he acquired in his brief reign that his daughter, Angharad, was regarded, contrary to ordinary Welsh custom, as capable of transmitting some royal right to her descendants. Her first husband, Llywelyn ap Seisyll, ruled Gwynedd from about 1010 to 1023, their son, the well-known Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, from 1039 to 1063. By her second marriage with Cynfyn ap Gwerstan she had two other son, Rhiwallon and Gleddyn, of whom the latter, with no claim on the father's side, ruled Gwynedd and Powys from 1069 to 1075 and founded the mediaeval line of princes of Powys. [Dictionary of National Biography XII:1015]
______________________________
Ruled Deheubarth 986-999. From www.castlewales. com/debarth.html.
Maredudd brought the northern and western kingdoms once more into a transitory unity. But his death opened a period of prolonged turmoil in which internal conflicts were complicated and intensified by Anglo-Saxon and Norse intervention. The established dynasties were challenged by men who asserted themselves within the kingdoms and exercised ephemeral supremacies. Of these the most successful was Gruffydd ap Llywelyn.
After Maredudd's death the combined kingdoms of Gwynedd and Deheubarth were ruled from Gwynedd by Cynan Ap Hywel from 999-1005.
_____________________________
Maredudd became King of Deheubarth in 986 and directly proceeded to conquer Gwynedd. In 990 he raided and plundered Maes Hyfaidd (Radnorshire) which was then in the possession of the Mercians. In the same year the Saxons devastated his territory and in 993 it was wasted by the plague. Both the Danes and the Saxons caused him much trouble during his entire reign. His nephews also tried to regain Gwynedd, but he was successful over all his enemies. It is said that he obtained Powys through his mother which made him King of all Wales. In the Bruts he is acclaimed as the "most famous King of the Britons" (Lloyd). He died in 998 or 999 leaving an only daughter and sole heiress, Angharad. She married Llewelyn ap Sesyll, who assumed the reins of government. They had one son, Gruffydd. LLewelyn died in 1023 and the kingdom was held by others until 1039 when the son, Gruffydd, succeded to the throne. Angharad took unto herself a second husband, Cynfyn. [The Weaver Genealogy]
________________________________
Maredudd was a skilled military leader. He successfully controlled a Viking invasion of Anglesey and allowed some Viking settlement there - enabling him to use Viking forces for a raid on Morgannwg to his southeast in 992. He pushed the Saxons back across the generally recognized border between Welsh and Saxon lands.
He was, however, nagged by the designs of his nephews Tweder, Edwin and Cadell, sons of his brother Owain, who wanted some of the southern territories for themselved. Tewdwr was killed in one of these skirmished in 994.
While Maredudd ruled for thirteen years, after his death the kingdoms more or less fell apart with several competing claimants. Cynan ap Hywel, his 3rd cousin once removed, apparently ruled the combined kingdoms until his own death in 1003. They Llywelyn ap Seisyll took control of Gwynedd, and later, through marriage with Maredudd's daughter Angharad, controlled Deheubarth

Maredudd ab Owain (died c. 999) was a 10th-century king in Wales of the High Middle Ages. A member of the House of Dinefwr, his patrimony was the kingdom of Deheubarth comprising the southern realms of Dyfed, Ceredigion, and Brycheiniog. Upon the death of his father King Owain around AD 988, he also inherited the kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys, which he had conquered for his father. He was counted among the Kings of the Britons by the Chronicle of the Princes.

Maredudd was the younger son of King Owain of Deheubarth and the grandson of King Hywel the Good. Owain had inherited the kingdom through the early death of his brothers and Maredudd, too, came to the throne through the death of his elder brother Einion around 984. Around 986, Maredudd captured Gwynedd from its king Cadwallon ab Ieuaf. He may have controlled all Wales apart from Gwent and Morgannwg.

Maredudd married verch Hywel Dda, Lady Angharad in 958 in Flintshire, Wales. Angharad was born in 943 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in 1019 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Wales
• FSID: LH78-84G

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Coventry, Warwickshire, England; Lord of Coventry
• FSID: L1RR-NTG
• Appointments / Titles: 1017, Kingdom of Mercia, England; King Canute appointed him as Ealdorman [Earl] of Mercia after his brother Northman was killed.

Notes:

Leofric (died 31 August or 30 September 1057) was an Earl of Mercia. He founded monasteries at Coventry and Much Wenlock. He is most remembered as the husband of Lady Godiva.

Leofric was the son of Leofwine, Ealdorman of the Hwicce,who witnessed a charter in 997 for King Æthelred II. Leofric had three brothers: Northman, Edwin and Godwine. It is likely that Northman is the same as Northman Miles ("Northman the knight") to whom King Æthelred II granted the village of Twywell in Northamptonshire in 1013. Northman, according to the Chronicle of Crowland Abbey, the reliability of which is often doubted by historians, says he was a retainer (knight) of Eadric Streona, the Earl of Mercia. It adds that Northman had been killed upon Cnut's orders along with Eadric and others for this reason. Cnut "made Leofric ealdorman in place of his brother Northman, and afterwards held him in great affection."

Becoming Earl of Mercia, which occurred at some date previous to 1032, made him one of the most powerful men in the land, second only to the ambitious Earl Godwin of Wessex, among the mighty earls. Leofric may have had some connection by marriage to Ælfgifu of Northampton, the first wife of Cnut, which might help to explain why he was the chief supporter of her son Harold Harefoot against Harthacnut, Cnut's son by Emma of Normandy, when Cnut died in 1035. However, Harold died in 1040 and was succeeded by his brother Harthacnut, who made himself unpopular by implementing heavy taxation during his short reign. Two of his tax-collectors were killed at Worcester by angry locals. The king was so enraged by this that in 1041 he ordered Leofric and his other earls to plunder and burn the city, and lay waste to the surrounding area. This command must have sorely tested Leofric, since Worcester was the cathedral city of the Hwicce, his people.

When Harthacnut died suddenly in 1042, he was succeeded by his half-brother Edward the Confessor. Leofric loyally supported Edward when Edward came under threat at Gloucester, from Earl Godwin, in 1051. Leofric and Earl Siward of Northumbria gathered a great army to meet that of Godwin. His advisors counseled Edward that battle would be folly, since there would be important members of the nobility on both sides; the loss of these men, should many die in battle, would leave England open to its enemies. So in the end the issue was resolved by less bloody means: in accordance with Leofric's advice the settlement of the dispute was referred to the Witenagemot, and Earl Godwin and his family were outlawed for a time. Earl Leofric's power was then at its height. But in 1055 Leofric's own son Ælfgar was outlawed, "without any fault," says the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle." Ælfgar raised an army in Ireland and Wales and brought it to Hereford, where he clashed with the army of Earl Ralph of Herefordshire and severely damaged the town. The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" wryly comments, "And then when they had done most harm, it was decided to reinstate Earl Ælfgar."

Leofric died in 1057 at his estate at Kings Bromley in Staffordshire. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he died on 30 September, but the chronicler of Worcester gives the date as 31 August. Both agree that he was buried in Coventry at St Mary's Priory and Cathedral. Leofric was succeeded by his son Ælfgar as earl.

Earl Leofric and Godiva were noted for great generosity to religious houses. In 1043 he founded and endowed a Benedictine monastery at Coventry. John of Worcester tells us that "He and his wife, the noble Countess Godgifu, a worshipper of God and devout lover of St Mary ever-virgin, built the monastery there from the foundations out of their own patrimony, and endowed it adequately with lands and made it so rich in various ornaments that in no monastery in England might be found the abundance of gold, silver, gems and precious stones that was at that time in its possession."

In the 1050s Leofric and Godiva appear jointly as benefactors in a document granting land to the monastery of St Mary, Worcester, and the endowment of the minster at Stow St Mary, Lincolnshire. They are commemorated as benefactors of other monasteries as well, at Leominster, Chester, Much Wenlock, and Evesham.

Apart from Northman, killed in 1017, Leofric had at least two other brothers: Edwin was killed in battle by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn in 1039, and Godwine died some time before 1057.

Leofric may have married more than once. His famous wife Godiva survived him and may have been a second or later wife. Since there is some question about the date of marriage for Leofric and Godgifu (Godiva), it is not clear whether she was the mother of Ælfgar, Leofric's only known child. If Godiva was married to Earl Leofric later than about 1010, she could not have been the mother of Ælfgar.

Leofric used a double-headed eagle as his personal emblem, and this has been adopted by various units of the British Army as a symbol for Mercia.

Historians disagree extensively on the character of Leofric. Folklore tends to depict him as an unfeeling overlord who imposed over-taxation, whereas many historians object to this, and consider it as part of the Lady Godiva myth; they suggest that he was a strong and respected leader. There is also great disagreement over his reputation as a military leader: some historians believe Leofric to have been weak in this respect, but others go as far as to give him the title "Hammer of the Welsh."

A prose account of Leofric's life, entitled "Visio Leofrici" or the "Vision of Leofric," was written in Old English, surviving in MS Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (CCCC) 367. It is split into four episodes, each of which depict one of Leofric's miraculous visions. The last of these four has been noted for its similarities to the account of Leofric's vision in Osbert's later account of the life of Edward the Confessor.

On screen, Leofric was portrayed by Roy Travers in the British silent short "Lady Godiva: (1928), George Nader in the film "Lady Godiva of Coventry" (1955), and Tony Steedman in the BBC TV series "Hereward the Wake" (1965). He also may have inspired "The Last Kingdom" character, "Leofric" played by Adrian Bower in the BBC series.

-- Wikiwand: Leofric, Earl of Mercia

Leofric married of Mercia, Lady Godiva in 999 in Coventry, Warwickshire, England. Godiva (daughter of de Bukenhall, Sir Thorold and de Malet, Lady Eadgyth) was born on 5 Sep 980 in Coventry, Warwickshire, England; died on 10 Sep 1067 in Coventry, Warwickshire, England; was buried on 10 Sep 1067 in Coventry, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Kingdom of Mercia, England; Countess of Mercia
• FSID: LKPY-T6N

Notes:

Also known as Godgifu or God's Gift.

Only had one child Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia.

https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-1-436580281-2-1852/godiva-godgifugodgyfu-of-mercia-born-countess-of-mercia-in-myheritage-family-trees

Godiva, Countess of Mercia (/ɡəˈdaɪvə/; died between 1066 and 1086), in Old English Godgifu, was an English noblewoman who, according to a legend dating at least to the 13th century, rode naked – covered only in her long hair – through the streets of Coventry to gain a remission of the oppressive taxation that her husband imposed on his tenants. The name "Peeping Tom" for a voyeur originates from later versions of this legend in which a man named Thomas watched her ride and was struck blind or dead.

Godiva was the wife of Leofric, Earl of Mercia. They had one known son, Aelfgar.[2][3][4][5][6]

Godiva's name occurs in charters and the Domesday survey, though the spelling varies. The Old English name Godgifu or Godgyfu meant "gift of God"; Godiva was the Latinised form. Since the name was a popular one, there are contemporaries of the same name.[6][7]

If she is the same Godiva who appears in the history of Ely Abbey, the Liber Eliensis, written at the end of the 12th century, then she was a widow when Leofric married her. Both Leofric and Godiva were generous benefactors to religious houses. In 1043 Leofric founded and endowed a Benedictine monastery at Coventry[8] on the site of a nunnery destroyed by the Danes in 1016. Writing in the 12th century, Roger of Wendover credits Godiva as the persuasive force behind this act. In the 1050s, her name is coupled with that of her husband on a grant of land to the monastery of St. Mary, Worcester and the endowment of the minster at Stow St Mary, Lincolnshire.[9][10][11] She and her husband are commemorated as benefactors of other monasteries at Leominster, Chester, Much Wenlock, and Evesham.[12] She gave Coventry a number of works in precious metal by the famous goldsmith Mannig and bequeathed a necklace valued at 100 marks of silver.[13] Another necklace went to Evesham, to be hung around the figure of the Virgin accompanying the life-size gold and silver rood she and her husband gave, and St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London received a gold-fringed chasuble.[14] She and her husband were among the most munificent of the several large Anglo-Saxon donors of the last decades before the Norman Conquest; the early Norman bishops made short work of their gifts, carrying them off to Normandy or melting them down for bullion.[15]

19th-century equestrian statue of the legendary ride, by John Thomas, Maidstone Museum, Kent. The manor of Woolhope in Herefordshire, along with four others, was given to the cathedral at Hereford before the Norman Conquest by the benefactresses Wulviva and Godiva – usually held to be this Godiva and her sister. The church there has a 20th-century stained glass window representing them.[16]

Her signature, Ego Godiva Comitissa diu istud desideravi [I, The Countess Godiva, have desired this for a long time], appears on a charter purportedly given by Thorold of Bucknall to the Benedictine monastery of Spalding. However, this charter is considered spurious by many historians.[17] Even so, it is possible that Thorold, who appears in the Domesday Book as sheriff of Lincolnshire, was her brother. (See Lucy of Bolingbroke.)

After Leofric's death in 1057, his widow lived on until sometime between the Norman Conquest of 1066 and 1086. She is mentioned in the Domesday survey as one of the few Anglo-Saxons and the only woman to remain a major landholder shortly after the conquest. By the time of this great survey in 1086, Godiva had died, but her former lands are listed, although now held by others.[18] Thus, Godiva apparently died between 1066 and 1086.[7]

The place where Godiva was buried has been a matter of debate. According to the Chronicon Abbatiae de Evesham, or Evesham Chronicle, she was buried at the Church of the Blessed Trinity at Evesham, which is no longer standing. According to the account in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "There is no reason to doubt that she was buried with her husband at Coventry, despite the assertion of the Evesham chronicle that she lay in Holy Trinity, Evesham."[7]

William Dugdale (1656) says that a window with representations of Leofric and Godiva was placed in Trinity Church, Coventry, about the time of Richard

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: G8WY-J4X
• Occupation: High-Reeve

Notes:

High Reeve of Northumbria Morcar
Print Family Tree
• Deceased about 1015

Parents
• Earngrim Of Northumbria
• ? ?

Spouses and children
• With Ealdgyth Of Mercia (Parents : Wulfric Spot Of Tamworth & ? ?) with
◦ Ealdgyth Of Northumbria † Married about July 1015, Mercia, England, to King Edmund II *Ironside* of the England 993-1016

Siblings
• Sigeferth Of Northumbria

Notes
Individual Note
Morcar (died 1015)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Weston
Crich
Morley
Ingleby
Smalley
Morcar was given land in Derbyshire in 1009

Morcar or Morkar (? 1015) was a minister of Æþelræd Unræd. He was given lands in Derbyshire in 1009 including Weston-on-Trent, Crich and Smalley by King Æþelræd Unræd,[1] 1011[2] and 1012. He and his brother were murdered in 1015. Morcar's brother's wife was later married to Edmund Ironside.

[edit] Biography

Morcar was the son of Earngrim according to John of Worcester[3] and his brother was Sigeferth. He was mentioned in the will of Wulfric, brother of Aelfhelm and son of Wulfrun. In 1004, when Wulfric died he made Morcar a major beneficiary along with Burton Abbey and Aelfhelm.[4]

It is reported that Morcar was married to Ealdgyth who was the daughter of Aelfthryth, the sister of Wulfric and Aelfhelm.[5]

Morcar was a King's minister in 1009 when Æþelræd Unræd (King Ethelred the Unready) agreed a charter at the Great Council. This agreement gave lands to his minister Morcar.[1] The charter shows that he would control the crossings of the River Trent at, Weston-on-Trent, Wilne and King's Mills in Leicestershire. Although not mentioned explicitly the land described at Weston on Trent included ownership of what is now the villages of Shardlow and Aston-on-Trent.

The river crossings at Weston, King's Mill and Wilne control one of the main routes for travelers moving up or down England as this river was a boundary within Mercia. The Domesday book also used the river as a boundary between counties later that century.

The land that Morcar received was listed as eight hides at Weston upon Trent, and a hide each at Morley, Smalley, Ingleby, Crich and Kidsley.[6] This land was given to Morcar, the King's chief minister, and he was unusually given rights that were normally reserved for the King alone. He was given the responsibility for all types of justice and exemption from the Trinoda necessitas. Morcar alone could decide a fate of life or death without the need of the authority of the King or his sheriff.[1] Morcar was given further lands in Derbyshire. In 1011 he was given five hides at what (maybe) Mickleover[7] and in 1012, two more at Eckington.[8]

These land grants again came under the control of Æþelræd Unræd, when Morcar and his brother, Sigeferth, were murdered by Eadric in 1015. Williams speculates that Morcar may have been involved in swinging support in Northumbria behind Swein.[9]

Æþelræd Unræd took both Morcar and Sigeferth lands, and imprisoned Sigeferth's widow who was called Ealdgyth. King Edmund Ironside then freed the widow and married her. Edmund redistributed some of the lands that had previusly belonged to Sigeferth.[10]

[edit] References

1. ^ a b c Charter of Æthelred, The Great Council, 1009, accessed April 2009
2. ^ Charter
3. ^ John of Worcester, pase.ac.uk, accessed April 2009
4. ^ Williams' Aethelred the Unready (p. 74-75)
5. ^ Williams' Aethelred the Unready
6. ^ Kidsley is no longer a place in Derbyshire, but translations give this as Kidsleygrange. Both of these names appear on properties today near Heanor
7. ^ 1011 agreement re Mickleover, anglo-saxons.net, accessed April 2009
8. ^ Agreement re Eckington, 1012, anglo-saxon.net, accessed April 2009
9. ^ Williams' Aethelred the Unready (p. 120)
10. ^ These are charters S 947; Williams, Æthelred, p. 134 & note 13

Morcar married of Northumbria, Ealdgyth. Ealdgyth (daughter of Ælfthryth) was born in 960 in Kingdom of Wessex (England); died in 1017 in Winchester, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GZ5X-CS6
• Name: Ealdgyth
• Birth: 960, Kingdom of Wessex (England)
• Death: 1017, Winchester, Hampshire, England