Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LRSM-MTQ
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1244 and 1296, Saluzzo, Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy; 4th Marquess of Saluzzo

Notes:

Thomas I (1239–1296) was the fourth Marquess of Saluzzo from 1244 to his death. He was the son of Manfred III and Beatrice of Savoy.[1] He succeeded his father Manfred III. He was also the grandson of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy.[1]

Biography
Under the reign of Thomas, Saluzzo blossomed, achieving a greatness which had eluded his ancestors. He crafted a state the borders of which remained unchanged for over two centuries. He extended the march to include Carmagnola. He was often at odds with Asti and he was a prime enemy of Charles of Anjou and his Italian pretensions. During his tenure, he made Saluzzo a free city, giving it a podestà to govern in his name. He defended his castles and roccaforti (strongholds) vigorously and built many new ones in the cities.

Armando Tallone, Tomaso I Marchese di Saluzzo, 1916
Marriage & issue
He married Luisa of Ceva. They had:

Manfred IV, succeeded his father[1]
Alice of Saluzzo, who married Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel[2]

Family/Spouse: de Ceva, Luigia. Luigia (daughter of de Ceva, Giorgio and d'Este, Elisa Alessine Menzia) was born in 1240 in Ceva, Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy; died on 29 Aug 1293 in Piemonte, Italy; was buried on 22 Aug 1293 in Revello, Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. of Saluzzo, Countess Alisona was born in 1269 in Saluzzo, Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy; died on 2 Oct 1292 in Arundel, Sussex, England.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Between 1215 and 1244, Saluzzo, Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy; 3rd Marquess

Notes:

Manfred III (died 1244) was the third Marquess of Saluzzo, from 1215 to his death. He was the son of Boniface of Saluzzo and Maria di Torres of Sassari (in Sardinia). Since his father died in 1212, he succeeded his grandfather Manfred II as marquess on the latter's death in 1215. His paternal grandmother Azalaïs or Adelasia of Montferrat was regent during his minority until 1218.[1] During that period, his grandmother paid tribute to Count Thomas I of Savoy.[2]

Manfred fought the expansionistic policies of Thomas, as had his father, and he defended the borders of his march with care. He died in 1244 and was succeeded by his son Thomas.

He married in March 1233 to Beatrice, daughter of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy.[3] The couple had the following children:

Alésia (c. 1236 – before 12 Jul 1311); married Edmund de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract and had issue
Thomas I, Marquess of Saluzzo (1239–1296);[3] succeeded Manfred as Marquess of Saluzzo.
Agnes (1245 – after 4 August 1265); born posthumously, married John, son of Eustace de Vesci, no issue.
Margaret (born 1245); born posthumously, twin of Agnes.

Manfredi married de Savoie, Princess Beatrice in Mar 1233 in Italy. Beatrice (daughter of de Savoie, Amadeus IV and Burgundy, Marguerite of) was born in 1214 in Chambéry, Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France; was christened between 8 Jan 1235 and 7 Jan 1236 in Spain; died in 1259 in Saluzzo, Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy; was buried in 1259 in Saluzzo, Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Provence
• Appointments / Titles: Princess of Savoy
• Death: 17 May 1259, Saluzzo, Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy

Notes:

Beatrice of Savoy (before 4 March 1223 – 10 May before 1259) was a daughter of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy and his first wife Marguerite of Burgundy.[1][page needed] She was a member of the House of Savoy by birth and by her first marriage she was Marchioness consort of Saluzzo.

Beatrice was the elder of two daughters; her younger sister Margaret was married to Boniface II, Marquess of Montferrat. After the death of their mother, their father married Cecile of Baux and had further children including Boniface, Count of Savoy and a younger Beatrice.

Beatrice was first betrothed not long after her birth on 4 March 1223 to Manfred III, Marquess of Saluzzo. However, the contract was broken off but was then renewed on 2 October 1227; a contract signed on that date refers to the dowry of Beatrice.[2] The couple were married in March 1233. They were married for eleven years until Manfred's death in 1244, leaving Beatrice with two children and pregnant with twins. They had the following children:

Alice (c. 1236 – before 12 Jul 1311), married Edmund de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract and had issue
Thomas (1239–1296), succeeded Manfred as Marquess
Agnes (1245 – after 4 August 1265), married John, son of Eustace de Vesci, no issue
Margaret (born 1245), born posthumously, twin of Agnes

Only two years after Manfred's death on 8 May 1246, Beatrice was betrothed a second time to a Manfred, an illegitimate son of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor by his mistress and possibly wife Bianca Lancia. Her marriage was arranged to recognize an alliance between Beatrice's father and Frederick.[3] The couple were married by proxy in March 1247 and the marriage contract was signed on 21 April 1247. Manfred and Beatrice had one daughter, Constance (1249-1302) who went on to marry Peter III of Aragon and became mother of Alfonso III of Aragon, James II of Aragon and Elizabeth of Aragon.

In a testament from Beatrice's father dated 24 May 1253, the succession rights of Beatrice were bypassed in favor of her younger half-brother; the testament fails to mention Beatrice's second husband, possibly indicating a breakdown in the marriage.[4] Beatrice died before 1259. Her husband became King of Sicily in 1258 and went on to marry Helena Angelina Doukaina and father children with her.

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Member of the House of Aleramici
• FSID: GM2Q-C13

Notes:

BONIFAZIO, son of ODDONE Marchese della Liguria Occidentale & his wife Berta di Susa (1060 - 1127/35). "Berta comitissa filia quondam Maginfredi et item Maginfredus et Anselmus, Bonifacius, Oto clericus germani et filii quondam Toto itemque marchionis, mater et filii" donated property to the monastery of San Silo near Genoa by charter dated 31 Aug 1064. "Berta comitissa et Manfredus, Bonifacius et Anselmus marchioness et Henricus et Oto germani, mater et filii" donated property to the church of Santa Maria "de episcopatu Astensi" by charter dated 22 Apr 1065. Marchese del Vasto. "Bonifacius marchio filius quondam Othonis" donated property to the church of Acqui by charter dated 22 Jul 1090 "in castro de Ceva". "Bonifacius marchio filius quondam Teutonis…marchio et Henrico nepos suus" donated property to the canons of the church "in valle Burmia in loco…Ferranica" by charter dated 1097. "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099. "Bonifacius marchio cum filiis suis Manfredo atque Ugone" donated property to "ecclesie S. Donati de Monte" by charter dated 1121. "Bonifacius marchio" appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs and provided dowries for "filiabus…Sibilie et Adalaxia et alie filie si ex hac uxore nata fuit", but disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum", by charter dated 1125. "Bonifatius marchio…Agnes comitissa uxor ipsius marchionis…filii eius Mainfredus et Ugo" donated "domum sancti Laurentii" to Lérins by charter dated 1127.

married 1stly ALIX de Savoie, daughter of PIERRE I Comte de Savoie & his wife Agnès de Poitou. "Bonifacius marchio filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by charter dated 21 Dec 1099. Szabolcs de Vajay dismisses this individual as an imaginary person designed to explain the claims of Marchese Bonifazio to Turin, which he in fact inherited through his mother who was the younger sister of Adelaida di Susa, mother of Comte Pierre. It is uncertain whether he was aware of the charter quoted above when he made this suggestion. Even if the charter in question was spurious, it is unclear what purpose would have been served by fabricating the ancestry of Marchese Bonifazio´s wife.
Bonifazio & Alix had 5 children:
1. OTTONE (-[21 Dec 1099/1121]).
2. PIETRO (-[21 Dec 1099/1121]).
3. MANFREDO (-[4 Jun 1175/Mar 1176], bur Staffarda). Marchese di Saluzzo. - ancestor of MARCHESI di SALUZZO.
4. UGO (-after 18 Aug 1162).
5. GUGLIELMO (-after 1160). Signori di Rossano 1155. - ancestor of MARCHESI di BUSCA e LANCIA.

Marchese Bonifazio & his 1st or 2nd wife had 2 children:
6. ANSELMO (-after 1140). - ancestor of MARCHESI di CEVA e CLAVESANA.
7. BONIFAZIO (-after 22 Dec 1142) - ancestor of MARCHESI di INCIZA

married 2ndly - AGNES de Vermandois, daughter of HUGUES de France Comte de Vermandois et de Valois [Capet] & his wife Adelais Ctss de Vermandois [Carolingian] (1085-after 1127). It should be noted that Bonifazio´s 2nd wife Agnes de Vermandois was considerably younger than her husband.The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to (but does not name) the first of the daughters of "Hugonem Magnum [et] Adelaide comitissa Veromandensium" as wife of "Bonefacius marchio", parents of "Bonefacium archidiaconum Noviomensem et filios et filias, quarum una nupsit Guilelmo de Monte-pessulano". "Bonifatius marchio…Agnes comitissa uxor ipsius marchionis…filii eius Mainfredus et Ugo" donated "domum sancti Laurentii" to Lérins by charter dated 1127.
Bonifazio & Agnes had 6 children:
8. daughter (before 1108/15-). Ivo Bishop of Chartres wrote to "Hugoni...Trecensium comiti" referring to a possible marriage between "regis" Louis VI King of France and “consobrinæ tuæ filiæ Bonifacii marchionis” by charter dated to 1108/15.
9. ENRICO I "il Guercio" (Clavesana 1115 - Finale 1184). - ancestor of MARCHESI di SAVONA e CARETTO.
10. BONIFAZIO "minor" (... - 1188/26 May 1190).
11. OTTONE "Boerio" (-before 1188).
12. SIBILLA (-before 11 Dec 1146).
married (contract Aug 1129) GUILLAUME VI Seigneur de Montpellier, son of GUILLAUME V Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermesende --- (-1162).
13. ADELAIDA (-after 1125).

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/MONFERRATO,%20SALUZZO,%20SAVONA.htm#EnricoISavonadied1184A
___________________________________________________

Boniface del Vasto (c. 1055 – c. 1125) was the margrave of Savona and Western Liguria from 1084 to c.1130. He was the son and successor of Otto and of Bertha, daughter of Ulric Manfred II of Turin. Boniface was a member of the Aleramici dynasty.
As his first wife, Boniface intended to marry an unnamed woman who had been betrothed to his brother, Anselm, before his death. In 1079 Pope Gregory VII commissioned the bishops of Turin, Asti and Alba to convince Boniface del Vasto not to marry the woman, because her betrothal to his brother created a relationship of affinity between them.

Boniface married a woman named Agnes, who is thought to have been the daughter of Hugh, Count of Vermandois. Children with Agnes of Vermandois including:
. Manfred I of Saluzzo
. William, lord of Busca, and perhaps also Lancia
. Hugh
. Anselm, progenitor of the margraves of Ceva
. Henry, from whom the Del Carretto dynasty were descended.
. Otto Boverio, margrave of Loreto
. Boniface, 'the younger', bishop of Cortemilla
. Sybil, who married William VI of Montpellier

Boniface was also the guardian of his brother Manfred's children: Henry del Vasto, who married Flandrina, a daughter of Roger I of Sicily, and Adelaide del Vasto, who was Roger's third wife. Following Roger's death, Adelaide married Baldwin I of Jerusalem. Two of Manfred's unnamed daughters married Roger I of Sicily's sons from previous relationships, Jordan, Count of Syracuse, and Geoffrey, Count of Ragusa (who may have died before the marriage actually took place).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boniface_del_Vasto

Boniface married of Torres, Maria. Maria (daughter of de Lacon-Gunale, Comita III and de Arborea, Ispella) was born in 1181 in Torres, Logudoro, Sardegna, Italy; died in 1264 in Saluzzo, Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy; was buried in 1264 in Abbazia Santa Maria, Revello, Cuneo, Piemonte, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GFVW-KM4
• Name: di Torres de Cerdanya, di Torres di Sassari
• Name: Maria De Torres
• Name: Maria De Torres
• Name: Maria di LACON-GUNALE
• Name: Maria di LACON-GUNALE

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9CZK-TNP
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1233 and 1253; Count of Savoy

Notes:

Amadeus IV (1197 – 11 June 1253)[1] was Count of Savoy from 1233 to 1253.

Amadeus was born in Montmélian, Savoy. The legitimate heir of Thomas I of Savoy and Margaret of Geneva, he had however to fight with his brothers for the inheritance of Savoy's lands after their father's death. His brothers Pietro and Aimone spurred a revolt in Aosta Valley against Amadeus, but he was able to crush it with the help of Manfred III of Saluzzo and Boniface II of Montferrat, who were his sons-in-law. Together with his brother, Thomas, he fought against the communes of Turin and Pinerolo, but with uncertain results.

He was succeeded by his young son Boniface.

Career
Head of the family
As the eldest son of Thomas I of Savoy, Amadeus inherited the county and associated lands on his father's death in 1233. However, his brothers Peter and Aymon demanded that he divide the territories and give them their share. In July 1234, he and his brother William convened a family meeting at Château de Chillon. While both sides arrived with armed troops, William was able to negotiate a treaty between the brothers. This treaty kept the lands intact, but recognized the authority of the younger brothers within certain regions under Amadeus.[2] These territories were on the frontiers of Savoy lands, designed to encourage the brothers to expand the county rather than diminish it. When his brother Thomas left his career in the church in 1235, Amadeus granted him similar territories.[3]

Before he had a son, Amadeus changed his mind many times regarding his will. Initially, he had made his sons-in-law his heirs, but in 1235, he rewrote his will in favour of his brother Thomas. In December of that year, it went back to having his sons-in-law as heirs, until Amadeus was preparing for the siege. Then he rewrote the will in favour of Thomas. In March 1239, his daughters convinced him to return it to their favour. On 4 November 1240, Thomas returned and persuaded him to rewrite the will in his brother's favour again. When Thomas left, once again the will was reversed.[4] His final will was written in 1252, leaving the title and nearly everything to his son, Boniface, and naming his brother Thomas as regent and second in line for the title.[5]

Among European powers
Amadeus faced many challenges in balancing the demands of the greater powers in Europe at that time. Henry III of England wrote to Amadeus in 1235 to seek his consent and blessing to marry the Count's niece, Eleanor of Provence[6] In 1238, Amadeus went to the court of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, in Turin, where he was knighted by the Emperor. Then with his brothers, he led troops as part of the siege of Brescia.[7] In July 1243, Amadeus and his brother Thomas were ordered by Enzo of Sardinia to join him in a siege of Vercelli, which had recently switched allegiances from the Empire to the Pope. Not only was the attack on the city unsuccessful, but Amadeus and his brother were excommunicated for it.[8] When the brothers wrote to the new Pope Innocent IV to appeal the excommunication, he granted their request.

In late 1244, when Pope Innocent IV fled from Rome, Amadeus met him in Susa and escorted him through the passes to Chambéry, and then provided his brother Philip as escort for the Pope downriver to Lyon. However, Amadeus was then willing to open the same passes to the imperial army. He also signed a treaty with Henry III on 16 January 1246 which gave rights of passage through the passes to the English in exchange for an annual payment of 200 marks. That same month, Amadeus joined a force which went to Provence to rescue his niece, Beatrice of Provence from the forces of Frederick and escort her to her marriage to Charles of Anjou[9] By May 1247, Frederick was ready to move against the Pope. He had gathered his army in Turin, and ordered those still loyal to him in the kingdoms of Arles and France to meet at Chambéry (the capital of Savoy). However, the revolt of Parma pulled Frederick back from this plan. That same summer, Amadeus blocked an attempt by the Pope to send 1500 soldiers to the Lombard League. On 8 November 1248, Frederick asked Amadeus and his brother Thomas to go to Lyon and start negotiations for peace. However, their efforts were unsuccessful and war continued until the death of Frederick.[10]

Family and children
He married twice, and each marriage produced children

c. 1217,[11] he married Marguerite of Burgundy, daughter of Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy.
Beatrice of Savoy (d. 1258), married firstly in 1233 Manfred III of Saluzzo (d. 1244),[12] married secondly on 21 April 1247 Manfred of Sicily
Margaret of Savoy (d. 1254), married firstly on 9 December 1235 Boniface II of Montferrat,[13] married secondly Aymar III, Count of Valentinois
on 18 Dec 1244, he married Cecilia of Baux, "Passerose", daughter of Barral of Baux[14]
Boniface, Count of Savoy
Beatrice of Savoy (1250 – 23 February 1292) married Peter of Chalon and Infante Manuel of Castile.
Eleonor of Savoy, married in 1269 Guichard de Beaujeu
Constance of Savoy, died after 1263

Amadeus married Burgundy, Marguerite of in 1217. Marguerite was born in UNKNOWN; died in DECEASED. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LTTJ-24K

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Vicaire Impérial en Lombardie
• House: House of Aleramici
• House: House of Aleramici
• FSID: GQRB-L8K
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1175 and 22 Jan 1215; 2nd Marquis de Saluzzo

Notes:

Manfred II (1140–1215) was the second marquess of Saluzzo from his father's death in 1175 to his own. He was the son of Manfred I and Eleanor. He placed the capital of the margravate definitively in Saluzzo.
He married Azalaïs of Montferrat before 1182, forming an alliance with one of the most powerful dynasties in northern Italy.

Manfred expanded the march and fought against the expansionism of the neighboring Counts of Savoy. After several minor skirmishes, the two principalities came to terms in 1213 and peace was established for the final two years of his life. Since his eldest son Boniface had predeceased him in 1212, he was succeeded by his grandson, Manfred III, under the regency of Azalaïs. She had to pay tribute on behalf of young Manfred, and for the next century, Saluzzo was a vassal of Savoy.

Manfred and Azalais had:
. Agnes, married Comita III of Torres
. Boniface (the heir, who predeceased his father), married Maria di Torres, daughter of aforementioned Comita.[ambiguous] They were the parents of Manfred II's successor, Manfredo III of Saluzzo
. Margaret, married Geoffrey de Salvaing
. María, married Marquis William II of Ceva
. Thomas.

He also fathered an illegitimate son, Bastardino.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_II_of_Saluzzo

Manfredo married de Aleramici, Alice before 1182 in Alessandria, Piemonte, Italy. Alice was born in 1160 in Montferrat, Alessandria, Piemonte, Italy; died in 1232 in Montferrat, Alessandria, Piemonte, Italy; was buried in 1232 in Santa Maria, Tigliole, Alessandria, Piemonte, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: K8B6-KX8
• Appointments / Titles: 1182; Marchioness Consort of Saluzzo
• Appointments / Titles: Between 27 Feb 1215 and 1223; Regent de Saluzzo - for her grandson Manfred III

Notes:

Azalaïs of Montferrat (also Adelasia or Alasia) (1150–1232) was marchioness consort of Saluzzo, and regent for her grandson, Manfred III from 1212 to 1218.
Azalaïs was one of at least three daughters of William V of Montferrat and his wife Judith of Babenberg. Her brothers included William of Montferrat, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, Conrad I of Jerusalem, and Boniface of Montferrat.

She married Marquis Manfred II of Saluzzo before 1182, in which year she received lands in Saluzzo, Racconigi, Villa, Centallo and Quaranta, in case her marriage (like that of her sister Agnes) should need to be annulled for reasons of sterility.

Like her brother Boniface, Azalaïs was a patron of troubadours. She is mentioned in Peire Vidal's song, Estat ai gran sazo:
Dieus sal l'onrat marques
E sa bella seror...
(God save the honoured marquis
And his beautiful sister)
and is the dedicatee of his Bon' aventura don Dieus als Pizas.

Around 1192, she had built the church of San Lorenzo, which she granted to the canons of San Lorenzo in Oulx; her eldest son, Boniface, named after her brother, is mentioned for the first time in the donation. However, Boniface died in 1212, and with the death of her husband in February 1215, Azalaïs became regent of Saluzzo for her grandson, Manfred III.

In 1216, she made a treaty with Thomas I of Savoy for a marriage between his son Amadeus and her granddaughter Agnes. However, the marriage never took place, possibly on grounds of consanguinity, since Azalaïs was a first cousin of Thomas's father. Amadeus married Anne of Burgundy, and Agnes became Abbess of the Cistercian convent of Santa Maria della Stella in Rifreddo. Azalaïs also made political and ecclesiastical agreements with Alba and with the Bishop of Asti.

When young Manfred reached his majority in 1218, Azalaïs returned to church patronage. In 1224, she endowed the convent of Rifreddo with the income of the church of San Ilario. In 1227, she made further grants to the canons of Oulx. She died in 1232, and was buried in the Cistercian abbey of Santa Maria di Staffarda.

Manfred and Azalaïs had at least five children:
. Agnes m. Comita III, giudice of Logudoro, in Sardinia.
. Boniface (the heir, who predeceased his father) m. Maria of Torres (daughter of Agnes's husband). They were the parents of Manfred II's successor Manfred III of Saluzzo
. Margaret m. Geoffrey de Salvaing.
. (daughter, given name unknown) m. Marquis William II of Ceva.
. Thomas.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azalaïs_of_Montferrat

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Lacon-Gunale de Thori
• FSID: LRQZ-NPM
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1198 and 1218, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy; Giudice di Torres
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1198 and 1218, Torres, Logudoro, Sardegna, Italy; Judge of Torres ... Giudice of Torres / Logudoro

Notes:

Comita III (ca. 1160 - 1218) was the giudice of Logudoro, with its capital at Torres, from 1198 until 1218. He was the youngest of four sons of Barisone II of Torres and Preziosa de Orrubu. He ruled at a time when the great families, usually foreign, were superseding the giudici in power and influence on Sardinia.

Around 1180, he married Ispella (daughter of Barisone II of Arborea by his first, divorced, wife Pellegrina de Lacon), herself widow of Hug de Cervera and mother of Ugone de Bas, co-giudice of Arborea. By her he had four children: Maria, who married Boniface, heir of Manfred II of Saluzzo; Preziosa; Marianus, his heir; and Giorgia, who married Manuele Doria. He himself married as his second wife Agnes, the sister of Boniface.

In December 1198, his elder brother Constantine II died heirless in battle with William I of Cagliari. Comita succeeded to the giudicato. Both Constantine (and subsequently Comita) and William were at war with Peter I of Arborea over the co-rule of Arborea. At the time of his succession to the pro-Genoese state of Logudoro, Goceano was in William's hands. In exchange for Goceano, Comita considered siding with Pisa and expelling the Genoese from his giudicato, as well as relinquishing his claims to Arborea. In an ensuing peace treaty with Cagliari, Marianus, Comita's heir, married Agnes of Massa, William's daughter, who brought with her Goceano as a dowry.

Soon, however, Comita accused William to Pope Innocent III of aggression and other breaches of their accord. Arborea came under papal protection. In response, William married another daughter of his to Ugone, the co-judge of Arborea and a stepson of Comita. William effectively took control of Arborea.

In 1203, William Malaspina, a cousin of William of Cagliari, tried to marry the daughter of Barisone II of Gallura. This attempt to control the Galluran judgeship was nixed by the pope. In 1205, Lamberto Visconti married her. By a treaty confirmed in 1211, Comita allied with Genoa to conquer the whole island and bring under their control. There were to be no separate peaces. Together they invaded Gallura, now ruled by Lamberto. After that, with the support of Innocent, they invaded Arborea, an invasion which ended in the partition of the realm: half going to Barisone III, son of Peter I, and a quarter each going to Comita and William of Cagliari. The 1212 campaign was interrupted by Pisan repercussions and in 1214, William died. Lamberto and Ubaldo I Visconti took the opportunity that year to launch an offensive at Gallura, Cagliari, and Arborea, but were beaten off by Comita and Genoa. The war continued at sea, but was arrested by the entreaties of Pope Honorius III, who forced Comita to come to terms with Pisa (1 December 1217). Comita died sometime the next year, when his successor appears first as giudice on 10 November 1218.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comita_III_of_Torres

Comita married de Arborea, Ispella. Ispella was born in 1157 in Sardegna, Italy; died on 22 Jan 1215 in Sardegna, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: House of Lacon Serra
• FSID: L2BM-SRN

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Count
• Appointments / Titles: Count of Savoy & Maurienne
• FSID: 2RBD-G4X
• Alternate Birth: 27 May 1177, Charbonnières, Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France
• Alternate Death: 27 Jan 1233, Aoste, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France

Notes:

Thomas (Tommaso I; 1178 – 1 March 1233) was Count of Savoy from 1189 to 1233. He is sometimes numbered "Thomas I" to distinguish him from his son of the same name, who governed Savoy but was not count.

Thomas was born in Aiguebelle, the son of Humbert III of Savoy and Beatrice of Viennois. His birth was seen as miraculous; his monkish father had despaired of having a male heir after three wives. Count Humbert sought counsel from St. Anthelm, who blessed Humbert three times, and it was seen as a prophecy come true when Thomas was born shortly before Anthelm himself died on 26 June 1178. He was named in honour of Saint Thomas Becket.

Coat of arms of Savoy
Thomas was still a minor when his father died on 4 March 1189, and a council of regency was established, composed of his mother Beatrice, his father's cousin Boniface I of Montferrat, and the Bishop of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne. He had reached his majority by August 1191. Thomas possessed the martial abilities, energy, and brilliance that his father lacked, and Savoy enjoyed a golden age under his leadership. Despite his youth he began the push northwest into new territories. In the same year he granted Aosta Valley the "Charte des Franchises", recognising the right to administrative and political autonomy. This right was maintained until the eve of the French Revolution. Later he conquered Vaud, Bugey, and Carignano. He supported the Hohenstaufens, and was known as "Thomas the Ghibelline" because of his career as Imperial Vicar of Lombardy.

Career Edit

Thomas worked throughout his career to expand the control and influence of the County of Savoy. One of the key tools that he used was his large number of children, who he worked to get into positions of influence in neighboring regions. In part, this was done by getting many of his sons into episcopal offices in surrounding territories, in a time when bishops had temporal as well as spiritual authority. In addition to Guglielmo and Bonifacio, who made their careers in the clergy, their brother Thomas started out as a canon at Lausanne and became prévôt of Valence by 1226. Pietro was also a canon at Lausanne and served as acting bishop there until he was replaced in 1231. In 1219 he worked to get his daughter Beatrice married to the fourteen-year-old Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence. This established a close relationship between the two adjoining counties which would help cement Savoy control over trade between Italy and France.

Thomas also fought many battles to expand his control. In 1215, his troops fought in an alliance with Milan against Monferrato, destroying the town of Casale. In 1222, he captured Cavour.

Thomas also worked through diplomatic and economic means to expand his control. The county of Savoy long enjoyed control over critical passes through the Alps. In his quest to gain more control over Turin, Thomas made an agreement with their rival Asti to reroute their French trade around Turin through Savoyard lands in a treaty on 15 September 1224. In 1226, Emperor Frederick II came to northern Italy and named Thomas Imperial Vicar of Lombardy. In this role, he mediated in a Genoese rebellion and a dispute between the town of Marseille and their bishop. Thomas also made a policy of granting franchises and charters to towns on key trade routes which enabled the merchant class to develop more wealth and built support for his rule.

Thomas died at Moncalieri, Savoy.

Family and children Edit

In 1195 he ambushed the party of Count William I of Geneva, which was escorting the count's daughter, Margaret of Geneva, to France for her intended wedding to King Philip II of France. Thomas carried off Marguerite and married her himself, producing some eight sons and six daughters.

Amedeo, his immediate successor
Umberto, d. between March and November 1223
Tommaso, lord and then count in Piedmont and founder of a line that became the Savoy-Achaea
Aimone, d. 30 August 1237, Lord of Chablais
Guglielmo (William of Savoy), Bishop of Valence and Dean of Vienne
Amadeo of Savoy, Bishop of Maurienne
Pietro, who resided much in England, became Earl of Richmond, and ultimately in 1263 became the disputed count of Savoy
Filippo, archbishop of Lyon, who resigned, through marriage became Count Palatine of Burgundy and ultimately in 1268 became the disputed count of Savoy
Bonifacio who became archbishop of Canterbury
Beatrice of Savoy, d. 1265 or 1266, married in December 1219 to Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence (1209-1245) and was mother of four Queens-consort
Alasia of Savoy, abbess of the monastery of St Pierre in Lyon (d.1250)
Ágatha of Savoy, abbess of the monastery of St Pierre in Lyon (d.1245)
Margherita of Savoy, d. 1273, married in 1218 to Hartmann IV of Kyburg
Avita of Savoy (1215-92) who married Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon and Robert Aguillon (d.1286).
He had illegitimate children too:

Aymon (+ 1243), who was Count of Larches, with Beatrice of Grisel married
Thomas "the big", who was count of Lioches
Giulio

Thomas married de Genève, Countess Marguerite Beatrix between 8 May and 7 Jun 1195 in Charbonnières, Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France. Marguerite (daughter of de Genève, William I and of the Holy Roman Empire, Beatrice) was born in 1180 in Genève, Switzerland; died on 15 Apr 1257 in Pierre-Châtel, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Comtesse Consort de Savoie
• FSID: K8YN-HGL